Health-related quality of life in patients aged 6-18 years with chronic hepatitis C treated with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of treatment with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) on the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of children with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS: In the non-commercial, non-randomized, open-label PANDAA-PED study, 50 children aged 6-18 years with chronic hepatitis C were treated with a fixed dose of SOF/VEL. All patients achieved sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12). Evaluation of HRQL was performed twice: at baseline (before the treatment) and during the SVR12 analysis using the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaires, which included 5 dimensions of HRQL, for child self-reporting and parent proxy reporting. The normal range for the population was set to T values of 50 ± 10 points. Child-parent agreement was analysed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman test. RESULTS: Mean T values were within the normal range for all dimensions, both before and after treatment. There was a significant improvement in physical well-being based on the children's self-assessment (from 48.53 to 51.21, p = .03). In addition, a trend towards better scores in the 'social support & peers' part of the parent proxy evaluation (from 45.98 to 48.66, p = .06) was noticed. After the treatment, the proportion of children self-assessing their physical well-being as below normal significantly decreased from 17% to 5% (p = .007). HRQL scores were not associated with patients' sex, but in most cases, younger age correlated with better HRQL. Evaluation of the ICC for child self-reports versus parent proxy reports revealed poor to moderate agreement for most single measures. Bland-Altman analysis showed that in all dimensions, both before and after treatment, the limits of agreement (LoAs) exceeded ±5 points (half of the SD and considered a maximum allowed difference). CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of children with chronic hepatitis C have decreased HRQL in all dimensions, but effective treatment with SOF/VEL leads to an improvement in some areas of well-being. As the effect of HCV on HRQL is more pronounced in older patients, treatment of younger children should be indicated to prevent them from experiencing decreased HRQL due to ongoing HCV infection in the future.

Efficacy and safety of treatment with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir in patients aged 6-18 years with chronic hepatitis C-Results of the PANDAA-PED study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this non-commercial, open-label, real-life, non-randomized clinical trial was to analyse the efficacy and safety of a pangenotypic regimen sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) in patients aged 6-18 years with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. METHODS: Fifty patients qualified for the 12-week treatment were divided into two weight groups: 15 children weighting between 17 and <30 kg received a fixed dose of 200/50 mg of SOF/VEL (tablet) once daily, and 35 patients weighting ≥30 kg were treated with 400/100 mg SOF/VEL. The primary endpoint of the study was efficacy defined as sustained viral response (undetectable HCV RNA using an real-time polymerase chain reaction method) at 12 weeks posttreatment (SVR12). RESULTS: Median age of the participants was 10 (IQR 8-12) years, 47 were infected vertically, and 3 patients were previously ineffectively treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Thirty-seven participants were infected with HCV genotype 1, 10 with HCV genotype 3 and the remaining 3 with genotype 4. There was no case of cirrhosis. SVR12 was 100%. Thirty-three reported adverse events (AEs) were considered related to the administration of SOF/VEL, all of them were mild or moderate. Children presenting with AEs were older compared to these without AEs: 12 (9.5-13) versus 9 (IQR 8-11) years (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Results of the PANDAA-PED study indicated a 100% effectiveness of a 12-week therapy with SOF/VEL in children aged 6-18 years with chronic HCV infection and its good safety profile, in particular in younger patients.

The clinical course of herpes zoster is similar in immunocompetent and immunocompromised paediatric patients.

AIM: We aimed to compare the clinical manifestation of HZ in immunocompetent and immunocompromised children. METHODS: Medical charts of all consecutive children hospitalized and/or consulted in the Regional Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw due to HZ were retrospectively analysed. Age, history of varicella, time interval between varicella and HZ, underlying diseases, immunosuppresive therapy, dermatome involvement and HZ complications were analyzed in both groups. RESULTS: In total 152 children were included in the analysis, 56 (36.84%) of them were hospitalsed, whereas 96 (63.16%) were consulted and discharged home due to good general condition. The median age was 10 years (IQR 5.75-12), there were 73 (48.03%) boys and 79 (51.97%) girls. In 16/152 (10.5%) one or more complications occurred, including: skin bacterial superinfection (16/17, 94.2%), sepsis (1/17, 5.9%), meningitis (1/17, 5.9%). Thoracic dermatomes were the most commonly affected (81/152, 53.29%). Most of the children didn't have any immunodeficiencies 118/152 (77.6%), and 34/152 (22.4%) of them were immunocompromised (and had been treated with intravenous acyclovir). The clinical picture of the disease was similar in both groups (Table 1). However, immunocompromised children more often had sacral dermatomes affected (5/35, 14.3% vs. 1/117, 0.9%, p < 0.001), and less often thoracic dermatomes were involved in this group (12/35, 34.3% vs. 69/117, 59%, p = 0.0102). CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, herpes zoster occurs in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised children. Clinical manifestations are similar. Serious complications, although uncommon, affect not only immunocompromised patients but also otherwise healthy children.

Comparison of the prevalence of risk factors for Toxoplasma Gondii infection among pregnant women in rural and urban areas in Poland.

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite. While this infection typically exhibits no symptoms in humans, it poses a potential threat to the developing fetus in pregnant women. Several risk factors contribute to toxoplasmosis infection. Adherence to hygiene protocols and avoiding the consumption of raw meat, unwashed vegetables, and fruits may mitigate the risk of this disease. Objective: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of toxoplasmosis risk factors among pregnant women suspected of toxoplasmosis living in rural areas with those residing in urban areas. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted by analyzing data from the medical records of pregnant women suspected of toxoplasmosis. These women were consulted at the Provincial Infectious Diseases Hospital between September 2019 and March 2020. The analysis encompassed patients' demographic data and information concerning toxoplasmosis risk factors. A total of 273 women's data were included in the analysis. Diagnosis relied on serological verification using the VIDAS® analyzer (bioMérieux, Lyon, France). Results: Women residing in rural areas were less likely to report a good socio-economic status (p=0.0064), and toxoplasmosis infection was less frequently ruled out (p=0.0023). In comparison to women living in urban areas, pregnant women from rural regions were more likely to have confirmed primary toxoplasmosis (p=0.0164). Additionally, they were more prone to working in gardens without gloves (p<0.0001), consuming unwashed vegetables (p=0.0025), eating raw meat during pregnancy (p=0.0008), and cats caregiving during pregnancy (p=0.0002). This exposure included both care for domestic cats before and during pregnancy (p=0.0069) and interactions with wild cats (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Pregnant women living in rural areas exhibited significantly higher exposure to toxoplasmosis risk factors. They also displayed a higher incidence of primary infections during pregnancy and a lower rate of excluded infections.

Air pollution might affect the clinical course of COVID-19 in pediatric patients.

Air pollution, to which children are more susceptible than adults, can promote airway inflammation, potentially exaggerating the effects of respiratory viral infection. This study examined the association between the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 in unvaccinated pediatric patients hospitalized in Poland (n = 766) and levels of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) within a week before hospitalization. Children aged ≤ 12 years exposed to mean and max 24 h B(a)P levels > 1 ng/m3 revealed higher odds of cough, dyspnea, fever, and increased concentrations of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, procalcitonin, white blood cell count). In older patients (13-17 years), elevated mean 24 h B(a)P levels increased odds of dyspnea, fever, and diarrhea, and higher concentrations of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. Exposure to max 24 h PM2.5 levels > 20 µg/m3 was associated with higher odds of cough, increased concentrations of C-reactive protein (group ≤12 years), and increased procalcitonin concentration (groups ≤12 years and 13-17 years). In both age groups, length of stay was extended in patients exposed to elevated levels of max 24 h PM2.5, mean and max 24 h B(a)P. This study suggests that worse air quality, particularly reflected in increased B(a)P levels, might affect the clinical course of COVID-19 in pediatric patients and adds to the disease burden during a pandemic.

The prevalence and predictors of pulmonary lesions in paediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 - a brief report.

Purpose: There are currently only scarce data available describing imaging manifestations in children with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to analyse pulmonary lesions on chest radiography (CXR) in paediatric patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and to compare the CXR results with clinical and laboratory data. Material and methods: In this prospective single-centre study we included 118 consecutive paediatric patients with COVID-19. CXR was performed in 107 patients. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed on the same day as CXR, immediately (0 to 2 days) after the COVID-19 diagnosis had been established. Results: Pulmonary lesions were found in 24/107 (23%) children, including 14/24 (58%) with bilateral abnormalities. Compared to patients with normal CXR, children presenting with pulmonary lesions were significantly younger (7.0 ± 4.5 vs. 9.5 ± 4.5 years, p = 0.03) and more commonly presented with an elevated D-dimer level (6/24, 25% vs. 5/81, 7%; p = 0.008). Almost half (46%) of the children with pulmonary lesions were asymptomatic, and 11/60 (18%) of all asymptomatic patients presented with abnormal CXR. Conclusions: Pulmonary lesions in the course of COVID-19 are more common in younger children and those presenting with an elevated D-dimer level. A significant proportion of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients develop CXR abnormalities.

Progress and Barriers Towards Elimination of Chronic Hepatitis C in Children.

Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a global health burden. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) accounts for most HCV infections in pediatric patients. Spontaneous viral clearance may occur in early childhood but is uncommon thereafter. Infection is usually asymptomatic during childhood, although without an effective treatment, vertically infected children may develop serious liver complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in adulthood. Despite the lack of vaccine against hepatitis C and effective post-exposure methods of prevention of MTCT, treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) raised the prospect of eliminating HCV on a population level. Highly effective, well-tolerated, oral, and interferon-free regimens of short duration have revolutionized treatment of CHC. However, access to these therapies might be limited because of its high cost. In this review, we provide the current state of knowledge on the epidemiology, testing, monitoring and treating of HCV in children. We outline the remaining gaps in therapy and barriers to disease eradication.

On a straight path to HCV elimination in children - new prospects for hepatitis C treatment in Poland.

Difficulties in achieving elimination targets of the World Health Organization's Global Strategy on viral hepatitis might be overcome through a new micro-elimination approach that allows for a quick, efficient targeting of treatment and prevention services. Particular focus on identification of high-risk and so far marginalized populations, such as children and adolescents, increases chances for HCV elimination on a country, and ultimately on a population level. Therefore, a broad access to safe and highly effective direct-acting antiviral drugs is of upmost importance in the pediatric population.

Novel serum biomarkers modified by the body mass index z-score for the detection of liver fibrosis and steatosis in children with chronic hepatitis C.

BACKGROUND: There is a need for validation of noninvasive alternatives to liver biopsy for the evaluation of fibrosis in children with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum biomarkers modified by the body mass index z-score (BMI z-score) for the detection of fibrosis and steatosis in children with CHC. METHODS: Thirty children aged 9.4 ± 3.7 years (14 males, 16 females) with CHC underwent liver biopsy. Fibrosis was scored using a 5-point METAVIR scale (≥2 = significant fibrosis). For all the children, the following noninvasive markers were calculated: The aspartate transaminase (AST)-to-platelets ratio index (APRI), the modified APRI (M-APRI: BMI z-score × APRI), the Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), the modified FIB-4 (M-FIB-4: BMI z-score × FIB-4), and a novel marker, B-AST (BMI z-score × AST). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated to detect significant fibrosis and steatosis. RESULTS: In the histopathological evaluation, 22/30 (73%) patients presented with fibrosis, and 8/30 (27%) presented with steatosis. For the detection of significant fibrosis, the AUROCs for M-APRI, M-FIB-4 and B-AST were 0.842, 0.823, and 0.848, respectively. For significant steatosis, the AUROCs were more than 0.9 for all markers that included the BMI z-score. B-AST, with a cut-off of 92.8, showed 71% sensitivity and 95% specificity for detecting significant fibrosis. For predicting severe steatosis, B-AST had 100% sensitivity and 92% specificity. Negative values of all three markers that included BMI z-scores excluded all patients with both significant fibrosis and significant steatosis. CONCLUSIONS: Including the BMI z-score in serum biomarker formulas enhances their diagnostic ability to detect significant fibrosis and steatosis. B-AST may thus act as an effective alternative to liver biopsy.

Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of CMV infections. Polish Society of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are common and their incidence increases with age. In immunocompetent people they are usually asymptomatic or manifest as a mild, self-limiting mononucleosis syndrome. CMV infection in patients with immune deficiency as well as congenital infections may cause a considerable problem. A group of experts designated by the Polish Society of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases has prepared recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of CMV infections, with particular emphasis on the management of patients with immunodeficiencies and congenital infections.

The influence of hepatitis B and C virus coinfection on liver histopathology in children.

The influence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection on liver histology in children remains unknown. We analyzed histopathological features in 70 treatment-naïve children: 10 with HBV/HCV coinfection (case group A), 30 with HBV (control group B), and 30 with HCV (control group C). Liver biopsies were scored for grading and staging according to Knodell's modified system and were tested for an association with demographic and laboratory data. The mean grade was higher in coinfected children compared to control group C (6.2 ± 3.0 vs. 4.2 ± 2.5, p = 0.04), but not control group B (p = 0.47). A higher proportion of patients with moderate to severe necroinflammation were observed in case group A compared to isolated HCV (p = 0.05). Mean staging did not differ between the case and control groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that HBV/HCV coinfection and aminotransferase activity were independently associated with moderate to severe necroinflammatory activity Conclusion: HBV/HCV coinfection was associated with moderate to severe necroinflammation irrespective of age at biopsy or duration of infection and led to significantly higher necroinflammatory activity than HCV monoinfection. HBV/HCV coinfection did not enhance fibrosis. High aminotransferase levels were positively associated with moderate to severe necroinflammation.

Determinants of liver disease progression in children with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

Histopathological features and determinants of liver disease progression were analyzed in 42 treatment-naïve children (mean age: 10.7 ±3.7) with chronic hepatitis C (14/42 infected vertically and 26/42 horizontally). Histopathological evaluation was performed according to Knodell's modified system. Predictors of necroinflammation and fibrosis were identified using linear regression analyses. Most children presented with mild necroinflammation and fibrosis (mean grade 4.3 ±2.7, mean staging 1.2 ±0.8), irrespective of the mode of transmission. Vertically infected children were younger than those infected horizontally (8.6 ±2.5 vs. 11.5 ±3.7 years, p = 0.02). Alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST) levels were associated with necroinflammation (p = 0.003 and p = 0.01 for ALT and AST, respectively) and fibrosis (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively). Other positive independent predictors of fibrosis included duration of infection (p = 0.03) and body mass index (BMI) z-score (p = 0.03). Children with chronic hepatitis C presented with mild liver changes over a decade after the infection, irrespective of the mode of transmission. Since fibrosis is a time-dependent process, progression of the liver disease in vertically infected children may occur at a younger age compared to patients infected horizontally. Aminotransferase levels were associated with necroinflammation and fibrosis. Longer duration of infection and a higher BMI z-score were associated with more severe fibrosis.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical Course and Complications of Varicella-A Retrospective Cohort Study.

In this study, we aimed to characterize a cohort of children hospitalized due to varicella before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical charts of all children hospitalized in the Regional Hospital of Infectious Diseases in Warsaw due to varicella in the years 2019 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed and compared. In total, 221 children were included in the analysis; 59 of them were hospitalized in 2019, whereas 162 were hospitalized in 2022. Children hospitalized in 2022 were older than those reported in 2019 (median 4.0 vs. 3.0 years, p = 0.02). None of the hospitalized children received complete varicella vaccination. The most common complication in both years was bacterial superinfection of skin lesions, found in 156/221 (70.6%) of patients. This complication rate was higher in 2022 (50.8% in 2019 vs. 77.8% in 2022, p = 0.0001), OR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.80-6.35. Moreover, skin infections in 2022 more often manifested with cellulitis (in 2022 13.6% vs. 3.4% in 2019, p = 0.03), OR = 4.40, 95% CI: 1.00-19.33. Sepsis as a complication of varicella was almost five-fold more prevalent in 2022 than in 2019 (p = 0.009), OR = 5.70, 95% CI: 1.31-24.77. Antibiotic use increased between 2019 and 2022 (71.2% vs. 85.2%, p = 0.01). Furthermore, patients were treated more frequently with the combination of two different antibiotics simultaneously (only 3.4% of patients in 2019 compared to 15.4% in 2022, p = 0.01). Primary infections with varicella zoster virus in 2022 led to a more severe course of the disease.

Parents' Awareness of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology in Poland and Ukraine.

BACKGROUND: There has been a decline in vaccine-related confidence in Ukraine over the past few years, resulting in high rates of infectious diseases. Due to the arrival of a large number of refugees in Poland following the outbreak of war in Ukraine in February 2022, the risk of infectious diseases in Poland among children and adults has increased. The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between parents' knowledge of the epidemiological situation of infectious diseases in Poland and Ukraine and socio-demographic factors and their attitudes towards vaccination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey study was designed. Data were collected through an online questionnaire between November 2022 and January 2023, where the inclusion criteria was having a child under 18 years of age. Study participants' stratification was based on responses to seven knowledge questions; those who answered all questions correctly were allocated to group 1, and the others to group 2 for further analysis. RESULTS: A total of 547 parents were included. Their median age was 34 years [IQR: 31-39]. There were 233 (42.60%) participants who answered all the knowledge questions correctly. Respondents from group 1 were older (p = 0.033), were more likely to be in favor of recommended vaccination (p = 0.040), to be vaccinated with four doses against SARS-CoV-2 (p = 0.014), to have their children vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 (p < 0.001), and to believe that the influx of migrants from Ukraine would increase the incidence rate of infectious diseases in Poland in the future (p < 0.001). They also declared awareness of the impact of migration on the epidemiological situation in Poland (p < 0.001) more often. According to the logistic regression model, older parents (OR = 1.31, p = 0.029), those who were willing to receive additional vaccinations due to migration (OR = 4.29, p = 0.003), those who were aware of the impact of migration on the epidemiological situation (OR = 2.38, p < 0.001), and those who believed that migration would have affected the incidence rate of infectious diseases in Poland (OR = 2.28, p = 0.003) were significantly more likely to belong to group 1. However, parents who were willing to vaccinate their children with additional vaccinations due to migration were significantly less likely to answer all the questions correctly (OR = 0.21, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of the epidemiological situation in Poland and Ukraine among parents is related to a greater awareness of the impact of migration and the use of recommended vaccinations and those against SARS-CoV-2. Additional vaccinations should be further promoted among both Poles and migrants.

Effectiveness and Safety of Direct-acting Antivirals for Treatment of Adolescents With HCV/HIV Coinfection: Real-world Data From Europe.

We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of direct-acting antivirals in adolescents with hepatitis C (HCV)/HIV coinfection using pooled individual patient-level data from 5 European cohorts. Of 122 participants in follow-up from November 2013 to August 2021, 19 were treated <18 years of age; of 15 with HCV RNA available at/after 12 weeks post-treatment, all had sustained virologic response with acceptable safety. This evidence addresses an important gap in knowledge of treatment outcomes in adolescents with HCV/HIV coinfection in real-life settings.

HBV and HCV Infection in Children and Adolescents.

Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections are the major causes of chronic liver disease and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality [...].

Epstein Barr Virus Hepatitis-A Mild Clinical Symptom or a Threat?

The present study aimed to characterize pediatric patients diagnosed with hepatitis associated with primary Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection. We described the changes in liver aminotransferases activity during the disease, and we analyzed the results of abdominal ultrasonography. A retrospective study was performed by analyzing the medical records of 166 immunocompetent children diagnosed with primary EBV hepatitis hospitalized at the Department of Children's Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Regional Hospital of Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, between August 2017 and March 2023. Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was noted in the first three weeks of the disease. In 46.3% of patients, ALT values exceeded five times the upper limit of the laboratory norm in the first week of illness. Aspartate aminotransferase activity increased from the first to fourth week from the onset of symptoms and showed two peaks in the first and third weeks. The changes over time of mean AST activity demonstrated significance. Transient cholestatic liver disease was the predominant type of hepatic involvement in 10.8% of children; 66.6% of them were older than 15 years. Clinical and ultrasound criteria of acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) were met in three female patients over 16 years of age. Hepatitis associated with primary EBV infection is usually a mild and self-limiting condition. Significantly elevated values of liver enzymes with features of cholestatic liver disease may occur in patients with a more severe course of the infection.

The influence of steroid therapy of complications of infectious mononucleosis on the course of Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis.

Aim of the study: The purpose of the study was to characterize the differences in the course of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) primary infection-induced hepatitis between patients treated with steroids due to complications of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and those not receiving such therapy. Material and methods: We analyzed the changes in the activity of liver enzymes and differences in abdominal ultrasound results. The study was based on reviewing the medical records of children hospitalized for primary EBV infection at the Department of Children's Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Regional Hospital of Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, between August 2017 and March 2023. The study population was divided into two groups: patients treated with steroids (Group 1) and children not receiving steroids (Group 2). Results: Significant differences were obtained for alanine aminotransferase activity only in the first week of IM (205.34 ±115.40 vs. 288.82 ±170.16 IU/l for Group 1 and 2, respectively; p = 0.024), and for aspartate aminotransferase in the first (170.63 ±159.47 vs. 218.85 ±128.22 IU/l for Group 1 and 2, respectively; p = 0.009) and the third week (151.09 ±138.57 vs. 235.50 ±170.27 IU/l for Group 1 and 2, respectively; p = 0.016). The analysis of the results of laboratory tests for the diagnosis of cholestasis (γ-glutamyl transferase and total serum bilirubin concentrations with fractions) did not show significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: Our results indicated that the two cohorts of patients may differ in the course of hepatitis associated with primary EBV infection, especially at the beginning of the disease, when the laboratory features of hepatitis were less pronounced in children treated with steroids.

Parents' Attitudes towards Vaccinations Regarding the Ukrainian Migration to Poland in 2022.

Background: Russia's aggression against Ukraine in early 2022 resulted in a large migration of refugees to many countries, including Poland. Vaccination coverage for some infectious diseases in Ukraine is lower than in Poland; consequently, the incidence of infectious diseases-including measles, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, and COVID-19-is higher. We aimed to investigate whether the migration of Ukrainians had influenced decisions of Polish parents on having their children vaccinated and to examine their attitudes towards vaccinations. Material and methods: A cross-sectional online survey study was designed. Data on parents' demographics, attitudes toward vaccination, and knowledge of the current epidemiological situation in Poland were collected. Parents participating in the study were divided into two subgroups for further analysis according to their decisions to have their children vaccinated. Results: A total of 568 questionnaires were collected, of which 21 did not meet the inclusion criteria for the analysis (respondents were not parents). The Ukrainian immigrants' influx affected 54 (9.87%) participants in their decision of having their children vaccinated. Respondents in this group were more likely to have a positive attitude toward recommended vaccinations (p = 0.0428); in addition, they more often had their children vaccinated with recommended vaccinations (p = 0.0063), believed the vaccination coverage with mandatory vaccinations was higher in Poland than in Ukraine (p = 0.0014), and believed the incidence of diseases covered by mandatory (p = 0.0472) and recommended (p = 0.0097) vaccinations was higher in Ukraine. In addition, parents who declared that the migration had affected their decision regarding their children's vaccinations had more often been vaccinated due to the influx of Ukrainian immigrants (p < 0.00001) and were more likely to be aware of how migration had impacted the current epidemiological situation in Poland (p = 0.0021). Moreover, the survey more often made these participants think about getting additional vaccinations for themselves (p < 0.0001) and their children (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The Ukrainian immigrants' influx affected nearly one tenth of surveyed parents in their decision of having their children vaccinated. This group was more aware of the differences between infectious diseases' epidemiology in Poland and Ukraine. In addition, they also had a more positive attitude toward vaccinations.