Current Approach to the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cataracts.

Cataracts remain the first or second leading cause of blindness in all world regions. In the diabetic population, cataracts not only have a 3-5 times higher incidence than in the healthy population but also affect people at a younger age. In patients with type 1 diabetes, cataracts occur on average 20 years earlier than in the non-diabetic population. In addition, the risk of developing cataracts increases with the duration of diabetes and poor metabolic control. A better understanding of the mechanisms leading to the formation of diabetic cataracts enables more effective treatment and a holistic approach to the patient.

Assessment of the Refractive Error and Stabilisation of Refraction after Cataract Surgery in Relation to the Length of the Eyeball.

The aim of this study was to analyse the changes in refraction, depending on the length of the eyeball, in patients who had undergone cataract surgery using the phacoemulsification method and to assess the stability of refraction. A total of 90 patients (46 to 85 years of age) took part in the study and were divided into three groups: emmetropic, hypermetropic, and myopic. Two types of intraocular lenses were used: Bausch (Akreos AO) and Rayner (C-flex). In conclusion, stabilization of refraction was achieved in the third week in 91% of the emmetropic, 77% of the myopic, and 46% of the hypermetropic patients, respectively. The correct postoperative refraction was achieved using optical biometry and the Barrett Universal II formula to calculate the power of the lens implant.