RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To measure the impact of the peer-led training for chronic patients on their health status and behaviors. DESIGN: Descriptive, transversal pretest and posttest quantitative approach. PLACEMENT: Andalusia. PARTICIPANTS: Nine hundred sixty-four patients with Diabetes, fibromyalgia and heart failure, trained at the School of Patients between 2013 and 2015. INTERVENTIONS: Peer-training intervention for self-efficacy for chronic patients. MAIN MEASUREMENT: Self-reported health status, activity limitation, diet and physical activity. Statistical analysis included descriptive and bivariate statistics, correlation coefficient and net gains for paired variables. RESULTS: Health status improved after the training, with less limitations and better diet and physical activity, with significant differences by sex, chronic illness, education level and marriage status. Improvement areas where identified for the training strategy, with special attention on the needs of more vulnerable groups (women, people with less education level). CONCLUSIONS: The peer training had a positive impact, with differences depending on social profiles. 1-year and 2-years posttest measurements are needed and a qualitative study is required in order to better evaluate the peer-led strategy and to adapt it to participants' needs and expectations.
Assuntos
Doença Crônica , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Nível de Saúde , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Grupo AssociadoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a peer training strategy for patients with type2 diabetes mellitus, developed in two training programmes in the Basque Country and Andalusia. DESIGN: Quantitative pre- and post-intervention and qualitative evaluation, developed between 2012 and 2014. PLACE: The Basque Country and Andalusia. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 409 patients and trainer-patients, participating in self-management peer training programmes. Intentional sample of 44 patients for the qualitative study. METHOD: Bivariate analysis and net gains for common variables used in questionnaires in the Basque Country and Andalusia: self-reported health, daily activities, physical activity, use of health services, and self-management. Content analysis of 8 focus groups with patients and trainer-patients, including: coding, categorisation, and triangulation of results. RESULTS: Peer training has a positive impact on physical activity, the use of health services, and self-management, with some gender differences. The peer-training strategy is considered positive, as it strengthens the patient-health provider relationship, generates group support and self-confidence, and improves the emotional management. Patients identify two areas of potential improvement: access and continuity of training strategies, and more support and recognition from health providers and institutions. CONCLUSIONS: The positive impact on health and quality of life that this patient peer-training provides, requires the collaboration of health professionals and institutions, which should improve the access, continuity and adaptation to patient needs and expectations.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Grupo Associado , Qualidade de Vida , Autocuidado , Humanos , EspanhaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To find out the opinions of health professionals on adolescent alcohol drinking and their evaluation of the existing legal regulation measures. DESIGN: Qualitative and exploratory study, based on semi-structured interviews. SETTING: Four cities representing four different regions in Spain: Palma de Mallorca, Granada, Barcelona and Pamplona. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 36 physicians and nurses from four Spanish regions, working in Primary Care and Emergency Care, selected by intentiones samples. MEASUREMENTS: A total of 36 deep interviews, analysed using the software Nudist Vivo 4.0. RESULTS: Health professionals accept their important role in preventing and intervening in adolescent alcohol drinking. Generally, they consider it as a public health problem. Prevention is associated with Primary Care, while the Emergency Departments act in specific situations of alohol abuse. Adolescents infrequently visit Primary Care, thus prevention must centre on education system and constant coordination between health professional and parents. Health personnel do not have sufficient knowledge on legal regulations. They consider educational measures as more efficient than sanctions. CONCLUSIONS: Specific professional training is required in order to guarantee the coordination between the health and education systems and the family.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/prevenção & controle , Criança , HumanosRESUMO
A study was undertaken for the purpose of describing internal communication and the professional-patient relationship and to establish a descriptive model of the interaction between these 2 variables. A nationwide survey was carried out in primary care and specialist care centers in Spain. A simple random sampling method was used with 1183 health care professionals. The data collection instrument was a Likert questionnaire that recorded information on the perceived quality of internal communication (0-100 scale), professional-patient relationships (0-100 scale), and sociodemographic variables. The results were analyzed using SPSS 15.0, performing mean comparisons and a suitable linear regression model.The total average of the quality of internal communication was 53.79 points, and that of the professional-patient relationships was 74.17 points. Sex made no statistically significant difference. Age shows that the older the participant, the better his/her opinion of internal communication and professional-patient relationships. Nursing staff had the highest opinion of internal communication and professional-patient relationships. The association between internal communication and professional-patient relationship was positive (R = 0.45).It was concluded that continuous exchange of information among health care professionals, together with learning and shared decision making or a positive emotional climate, is an element that will consolidate good professional-patient relationships and ensure patient satisfaction.
Assuntos
Comunicação , Comportamento Cooperativo , Relações Interprofissionais , Assistência Centrada no Paciente/organização & administração , Relações Profissional-Paciente , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/organização & administração , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Análise de Variância , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Tomada de Decisões Gerenciais , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Modelos Psicológicos , Cultura Organizacional , Satisfação do Paciente , Papel Profissional/psicologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a peer-training intervention for women with breast cancer, from a gender perspective: to discover the results of the intervention and examine in-depth the personal experiences of patients and health professionals participating in the training activity. METHOD: Mixed method multicentre design completed in 2017 in Andalusia (Spain), with a pre and post evaluation questionnaire with 102 patients, measuring life style, limitations, use of health services, communication with professionals and self-management; and content analysis of semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 21 patient-trainers and 5 health professionals, looking at experiences, needs and suggestions for improvement. RESULTS: The patients described a good general health status, with improvements of: diet quality (7 in pre-test to 7.7 in post-test), limitations for daily life (from 1.93 to 1.64 points), self-efficacy (from 6.46 to 7.42 points). Age, civil status and level of education generated statistically significant differences, with more improvement in more vulnerable social profiles. Participants revealed the benefits of the peer-training at a personal, relational, psycho-emotional and socio-cultural level and expressed how the training changed their experiences around identity-construction and gender roles. The improvement dimensions related to organization, evaluation and continuity. CONCLUSIONS: The peer-training intervention is a positive experience for women's physical, relational and emotional health and, from a gender perspective, it represents an opportunity, at both individual and group level, to negotiate and deconstruct gender roles when living with breast cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Grupo Associado , Autocuidado/psicologia , Autoeficácia , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/psicologia , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Participação do Paciente , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Apoio Social , EspanhaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The study of the health condition of the populations under confinement in penitentiaries is based on the evidence of a more deteriorated health than the general population and a greater degree of social exclusion, which is associated with worse general health. This study is aimed at ascertaining how the inmates of an Andalusian penitentiary perceive their health condition and the use made thereby of the healthcare services, as well as the factors associated with those variables. METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. The data was collected with a questionnaire. The sample size was 450 inmates, 90.4% of whom were males. RESULTS: Seventy-two percent of those taking part in the study considered their health to be good or very good, 32.7% stating having seen the doctor once a month or more often. A total 43.1% of the participants stated having chronic illnesses, mainly HIV (19.1%) and hepatitis C (18.2%); 40.9% stating that they take medication. Worse health was perceived among the older inmates, those who have to serve longer than a five-year sentence, those who are repeat offenders and those not having pending trials. Those perceiving their health to have deteriorated over the past year have chronic illnesses and take medication. The regression model for the use of healthcare services shows that they are used to a greater extent by those who are serving a longer than a 5-year sentence, those who have been in prison for less than a year and those who take medication. CONCLUSIONS: The results show the importance of increasing the monitoring of possible addictive disorders upon entering prison and of the trend and treatment of chronic diseases.
Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Nível de Saúde , Prisioneiros , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos Transversais , Educação , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Espanha , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Evaluar una actividad formativa entre iguales para pacientes con cáncer de mama desde la perspectiva de género; conocer los resultados y profundizar en las experiencias de pacientes y profesionales sanitarios participantes. MÉTODO: Diseño multicéntrico mixto (Andalucía, 2017) con un cuestionario de evaluación pretest/postest con 102 pacientes formadas, midiendo hábitos de vida, limitaciones, uso y comunicación con los servicios sanitarios, y autocuidados; y con un análisis de contenido de entrevistas individuales y grupales (con 21 pacientes formadoras y 5 profesionales), centradas en experiencias, necesidades y propuestas de mejora. RESULTADOS: Las pacientes describen una buena salud general, con mejoras en dieta (7 a 7,7 de prestest a postest), limitaciones (se redujeron de 1,93 a 1,64 puntos) y autoeficacia (aumentó de 6,46 a 7,42 puntos), con diferencias significativas por edad, estado civil y nivel de estudios (mayor mejoría entre los perfiles más vulnerables). Las participantes reflejaron los beneficios de la formación en los aspectos personal, relacional, psicoemocional y sociocultural, y expresaron cambios en sus modelos identitarios y de vivencias de roles de género tras la formación. Los ámbitos de mejora fueron las cuestiones organizativas, de evaluación y continuidad de la estrategia formativa. CONCLUSIONES: La estrategia formativa es una experiencia con resultados positivos en la salud física, relacional y emocional de las participantes, y desde la perspectiva de género se constituye como una oportunidad, individual y compartida, para (re)negociar o deconstruir roles de género, en torno a la experiencia del cáncer de mama
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a peer-training intervention for women with breast cancer, from a gender perspective: to discover the results of the intervention and examine in-depth the personal experiences of patients and health professionals participating in the training activity. METHOD: Mixed method multicentre design completed in 2017 in Andalusia (Spain), with a pre and post evaluation questionnaire with 102 patients, measuring life style, limitations, use of health services, communication with professionals and self-management; and content analysis of semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 21 patient-trainers and 5 health professionals, looking at experiences, needs and suggestions for improvement. RESULTS: The patients described a good general health status, with improvements of: diet quality (7 in pre-test to 7.7 in post-test), limitations for daily life (from 1.93 to 1.64 points), self-efficacy (from 6.46 to 7.42 points). Age, civil status and level of education generated statistically significant differences, with more improvement in more vulnerable social profiles. Participants revealed the benefits of the peer-training at a personal, relational, psycho-emotional and socio-cultural level and expressed how the training changed their experiences around identity-construction and gender roles. The improvement dimensions related to organization, evaluation and continuity. CONCLUSIONS: The peer-training intervention is a positive experience for women's physical, relational and emotional health and, from a gender perspective, it represents an opportunity, at both individual and group level, to negotiate and deconstruct gender roles when living with breast cancer
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Autogestão/educação , Educação em Saúde/métodos , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Perspectiva de Gênero , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/organização & administração , Autoeficácia , Inquéritos e Questionários/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto de la formación entre iguales de la Escuela de Pacientes sobre la salud autopercibida y los hábitos de vida de las personas con enfermedades crónicas. DISEÑO: Descriptivo, transversal de evaluación cuantitativa pretest/postest. EMPLAZAMIENTO: Andalucía. PARTICIPANTES: Novecientos sesenta y cuatro pacientes con diabetes, fibromialgia e insuficiencia cardíaca participantes en la Escuela de Pacientes entre 2013 y 2015. INTERVENCIONES: Sesión de formación para formadores en autocuidados para personas con enfermedades crónicas. Mediciones principales: Se usó un cuestionario que midió salud autopercibida, limitaciones, dieta y actividad física. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo, bivariante, de correlaciones y de ganancias netas. RESULTADOS: Tras realizar la formación se observó una mejoría de la salud, con menos limitaciones y mejor dieta y ejercicio físico, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función del sexo, enfermedad, nivel de estudios y estado civil. Se plantean propuestas de mejora de la estrategia formativa, con atención a las necesidades específicas de los colectivos más vulnerables: mujeres y personas con menor nivel educativo. CONCLUSIONES: El impacto de la formación fue positivo y diferencial en función de los perfiles de participantes. Se recomienda profundizar en los resultados, a través de metodología cualitativa, realizar mediciones postest posteriores y adaptar la estrategia formativa a la heterogeneidad de las necesidades de la población formada
OBJECTIVE: To measure the impact of the peer-led training for chronic patients on their health status and behaviors. DESIGN: Descriptive, transversal pretest and posttest quantitative approach. PLACEMENT: Andalusia. PARTICIPANTS: Nine hundred sixty-four patients with Diabetes, fibromyalgia and heart failure, trained at the School of Patients between 2013 and 2015. INTERVENTIONS: Peer-training intervention for self-efficacy for chronic patients. Main measurement: Self-reported health status, activity limitation, diet and physical activity. Statistical analysis included descriptive and bivariate statistics, correlation coefficient and net gains for paired variables. RESULTS: Health status improved after the training, with less limitations and better diet and physical activity, with significant differences by sex, chronic illness, education level and marriage status. Improvement areas where identified for the training strategy, with special attention on the needs of more vulnerable groups (women, people with less education level). CONCLUSIONS: The peer training had a positive impact, with differences depending on social profiles. 1-year and 2-years posttest measurements are needed and a qualitative study is required in order to better evaluate the peer-led strategy and to adapt it to participants' needs and expectations
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença Crônica , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Nível de Saúde , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Grupo AssociadoRESUMO
Qualitative methodology, originally belonging to the Social Sciences domain, has progressively incorporated to Health Research to the scepticism of many and the admiration of others. Nowadays, validity and fiability of these qualitative techniques is still questioned by a great amount of health researchers and their use provokes doubt among reviewers and other members of the scientific community. This article presents as a fundamental measure for the validity of the qualitative methodology its precise use to approach determinate research objectives specific to them and, echoing the extra issue of the Health Services Research on December 1999 on this methodology, gathers the contribution of the use of these techniques from a complementary point of view, in a Internal Communication Audit conducted in the Primary Care Services of four Regional Health Systems: Area II of the INSALUD (National Health Institute), Basque Health System, Canary Health System and Andalusian Health System.
Assuntos
Comunicação , Auditoria Médica , Atenção Primária à Saúde/normas , Pesquisa Qualitativa , HumanosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Evaluar la estrategia formativa entre iguales para pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de los programas «Paciente Activo» (País Vasco) y «Escuela de Pacientes» (Andalucía). DISEÑO: Diseño mixto cuantitativo/cualitativo de evaluación pre/post de los programas de formación llevado a cabo entre 2012 y 2014. Emplazamiento: País Vasco y Andalucía. PARTICIPANTES: Un total de 409 pacientes y pacientes-formadores, participantes en la formación entre iguales. Muestreo intencional de 44 pacientes para el estudio cualitativo. MÉTODO: Análisis estadístico bivariante y ganancias netas de las variables comunes de cuestionarios pre/post del País Vasco y Andalucía: salud autopercibida, actividades diarias, ejercicio físico, uso de servicios sanitarios y autocuidados. Análisis de contenido de 8 grupos focales con pacientes y pacientes-formadores, incluyendo: codificación, árbol de categorías y triangulación de resultados. RESULTADOS: La formación entre iguales incide positivamente en la realización de ejercicio físico, uso de recursos sanitarios y autoeficacia en los cuidados, con diferencias por género en algunas dimensiones. La formación se valora positivamente en cuanto que: favorece la relación de los/las pacientes con el personal sanitario, genera apoyo grupal y autoconfianza y facilita la gestión emocional. Las áreas de mejora identificadas son: acceso y continuidad de la formación, y aceptación y apoyo por parte del personal y las instituciones sanitarias. CONCLUSIONES: Los beneficios en salud y calidad de vida promovidos a través de la formación entre iguales requiere la colaboración de las instituciones y personal sanitario, que deben facilitar el acceso, la continuidad y la adecuación de los contenidos a las necesidades y expectativas de los/las pacientes
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a peer training strategy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, developed in two training programmes in the Basque Country and Andalusia. DESIGN: Quantitative pre- and post-intervention and qualitative evaluation, developed between 2012 and 2014. Place: The Basque Country and Andalusia. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 409 patients and trainer-patients, participating in self-management peer training programmes. Intentional sample of 44 patients for the qualitative study. METHOD: Bivariate analysis and net gains for common variables used in questionnaires in the Basque Country and Andalusia: self-reported health, daily activities, physical activity, use of health services, and self-management. Content analysis of 8 focus groups with patients and trainer-patients, including: coding, categorisation, and triangulation of results. RESULTS: Peer training has a positive impact on physical activity, the use of health services, and self-management, with some gender differences. The peer-training strategy is considered positive, as it strengthens the patient-health provider relationship, generates group support and self-confidence, and improves the emotional management. Patients identify two areas of potential improvement: access and continuity of training strategies, and more support and recognition from health providers and institutions. CONCLUSIONS: The positive impact on health and quality of life that this patient peer-training provides, requires the collaboration of health professionals and institutions, which should improve the access, continuity and adaptation to patient needs and expectations
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Estilo de Vida Saudável , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Revisão dos Cuidados de Saúde por Pares , Inquéritos e Questionários , 25783 , EspanhaRESUMO
La fibromialgia es una enfermedad crónica altamente feminizada que requiere mayor autonomía y autoeficiencia en el manejo de los cuidados. Objetivo: evaluar, desde una perspectiva de género, la estrategia formativa de pacientes con fibromialgia de la Escuela de Pacientes, basada en la formación "entre iguales". Método: estudio cuantitativo, con diseño cuasiexperimental pretest- postest, con 600 participantes con fibromialgia. Se utilizó un cuestionario adaptado del Programa de Paciente Experto de la Universidad de Stanford que recoge las variables: salud autopercibida, estrés emocional, calidad y hábitos de vida, limitaciones, relación con el personal sanitario y autoeficiencia. Se empleó el análisis bivariado y multivariado y análisis del cambio entre pretest/postest. Resultados: los participantes en la formación (98 % mujeres) describieron un mal estado de salud, con altos niveles de cansancio, dolor y limitaciones, con diferencias significativas en función del perfil sociodemográfico. Tras la formación, mejoró el estrés emocional y los hábitos de vida, se redujeron las visitas médicas y aumentó el automanejo de la enfermedad. Conclusión: la formación entre iguales representó una estrategia educativa eficiente y un espacio óptimo para reforzar el compromiso y apoyo social, con resultados positivos para la salud emocional y autoconfianza de las mujeres con fibromialgia.
Fibromyalgia is a chronic disease found more commonly in women that requires a greater autonomy and self-sufficiency in care management. Objective: To evaluate, from a gender perspective, the strategy for training fibromyalgia patients from the School of Patients, based on training "between peers". Method: Quantitative study before and after testing, with 600 participants with fibromyalgia. A questionnaire adapted from the Expert Patients Programme at Standford University that includes the following variables: self-perceived health, emotional stress, quality and lifestyle, limitations, relationship with the health care personnel and self-efficacy. The bivariate and multivariate analysis was used, as well as the analysis of change between pre-test/post-test. Results: Participants in the training (98% women) described a poor health, with high levels of fatigue, pain and limitations, with significant differences according to the sociodemographic profile. After the training, emotional stress and lifestyle improved, the number of visits to the doctor dropped and disease self-management increased. Conclusion: Training between peers represented an effective education strategy and an optimal opportunity to reinforce social commitment and support, with positive results for the emotional health and self-confidence of women with fibromyalgia.
A fibromialgia é uma doença crônica altamente feminizada que requer maior autonomia e autoeficiência na gestão dos cuidados. Objetivo: avaliar, sob uma perspectiva de gênero, a estratégia formadora de pacientes com fibromialgia da Escola de Pacientes, baseada na formação "entre iguais". Método: estudo quantitativo pré-teste e pós-teste, realizado com 600 participantes na formação sobre fibromialgia. Utilizou-se um questionário adaptado do Programa de Paciente Especializado da Stanford University, que coleta as variáveis: saúde autopercebida, estresse emocional, qualidade e hábitos de vida, limitações, relação com o pessoal sanitário e autoeficiência. Empregou-se a análise bivariada e multivariada, e a análise da mudança entre pré-teste e pós-teste. Resultados: os participantes na formação (98% mulheres) descreveram um mau estado de saúde, com altos níveis de cansaço, dor e limitações, com diferenças significativas em função do perfil sociodemográfico. Após a formação, melhorou-se o estresse emocional e os hábitos de vida, reduzem-se as visitas médicas e aumentou-se a autogestão da doença. Conclusão: a formação entre iguais representou uma estratégia educativa eficiente e um espaço adequado para reforçar o compromisso e o apoio social, com resultados positivos para a saúde emocional e a autoconfiança das mulheres com fibromialgia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Avaliação em Saúde , FibromialgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine the opinions of urban parents on alcohol drinking in teenagers and their positioning regarding the legal restrictive measures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a qualitative study of six focal groups including 42 mothers and fathers of adolescents from six different Spanish regions and from diverse social strata. The quantitative part of the study consisted of a 1-10 scale questionnaire, measuring parents' acceptance and opinion about legal measures restricting underage drinking. Means and standard deviation were calculated. RESULTS: Parents did not consider adolescent alcohol drinking to be a problem so long as it was moderate and leisure time-related. The social and cultural context was permissive with the alcohol consumption. Alcohol intake depended on both external (social pressure) and internal (family) factors. Fathers' preferred to exercise authority, while mothers preferred communication and education skills. Parents approved of teachers' interventions, especially when based on the student's overall education and not restricted to knowledge transmission. Public institutions and authorities were held responsible for adolescents' lack of information, the scarcity of leisure-time alternatives and for not ensuring compliance with current regulations. Parents approved restrictions regarding the sale and advertising of alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: Parents recognize adolescent alcohol drinking as a problem and tend to deal with it. Parents use distinct intervention strategies and generally approve legal measures.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Pais/psicologia , População Urbana , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/legislação & jurisprudência , Atitude , Criança , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Masculino , Marketing/legislação & jurisprudência , Menores de Idade/legislação & jurisprudência , Relações Pais-Filho , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Controles Informais da Sociedade , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of tobacco advertising on consumer habits. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Ovid, Scielo, Mediclatina, Elsevier-Doyma, Isooc (CSIC) (January 2000-September 2008) METHODS: A total of 44 national and international articles, linking the consumption of tobacco with any promotional or advertising practice. Articles not focused on the impact of advertising and promotion of cigarettes and research on prevention, intervention, plans and laws were removed. RESULTS: Advertising influences tobacco consumption. Publicity leads to starting smoking (5 articles) and maintaining the habit (3 articles). It uses the relationship between advertising and smoker's image and concept (5 articles) and different advertising strategies (22 articles). CONCLUSIONS: The advertising developed by the tobacco industry uses different strategies of influence on the consumption of cigarettes in the population.
Assuntos
Publicidade , Fumar/epidemiologia , Indústria do Tabaco , Bibliometria , Humanos , Editoração/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To know the experiences and expectations of persons with fibromyalgia towards the health system and its professionals. METHODS: Qualitative study with three focal groups. The first focal group included patients with fibromyalgia, 20 women and 1 man, receiving care in the public health system, with different assistance paths and progression. Informed Consent was required. Content analysis was done. RESULTS: Patients describe a difficult experience, with symptoms that may involve incapacity for daily activities. Until knowing their diagnosis, they feel a lack of understanding and also loneliness. They develop different coping strategies, as looking for information or association. From the health system they expect: attention and a fast diagnosis, accessibility to consultations, medical exams and therapies or an impulse for research. They want trained professionals, proactive attitudes, interest, empathy and information. DISCUSSION: Qualitative methods seem suitable for delving into patient experience. Health assistance must improve patients' quality of life, facilitating their assistance process and offering companionship, interest, comprehension and support.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dynamics and establish the emotional map of 8 primary care teams. DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional and multi-site study. SETTING: Primary care centers in Granada, Cádiz and Málaga, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: Simple random sampling of 8 health centers and 272 primary care professionals. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: A self administered questionnaire with 10 Likert-type questions. Answers were classified by items, media and mode. RESULTS: Leadership is not integrated (0.42 points). Relationships between workers show rivalry, burnout and little sensation of being part of a team, but they are united by support and trust. There is a moderate enthusiasm of team objectives (1.36 points). Professional self esteem is generally positive (1.89 points). CONCLUSIONS: Emotional climate of the teams recorded medium values. Aspects as regards integrating leadership and increased enthusiasm towards the common work project need to be improved, following the inter-professional collaborative care model.
Assuntos
Comportamento Cooperativo , Emoções , Processos Grupais , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , EspanhaRESUMO
Objetivos: El consumo de alcohol entre jóvenes es un problema de salud pública, condicionado en gran parte por los medios de comunicación y la publicidad. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los mensajes publicitarios de alcohol difundidos en radio y televisión en España y conocer su potencial influencia en los adolescentes. Métodos: Análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de la publicidad emitida en radio y TV, entre 1 de diciembre de 2006 y 9 de enero de 2007, a través de los siguientes pasos: seleccionar emisoras y canales TV; identificar y grabar la publicidad de programas de radio y TV dirigidos a los y las adolescentes; seleccionar y analizar los spots y cuñas radiofónicas. Las variables del estudio cuantitativo han sido: minutos dedicados a la publicidad de alcohol; análisis de audiencias en la población adolescente; y análisis del número de cuñas emitidas. La parte cualitativa se ha centrado en: marca y eslogan, público al que se dirige, estética, protagonistas del anuncio, valores que se transmiten, carga emocional del mensaje. Resultados: Se detectan 914 anuncios publicitarios de bebidas alcohólicas en TV. El 100% de los programas y eventos deportivos analizados presentan marcas de alcohol. El 26% de los spots y el 50% de las cuñas radiofónicas se dirigen específicamente a los jóvenes y todos muestran una imagen positiva del alcohol, valores de libertad, rebeldía y éxito. Conclusiones: Los adolescentes están expuestos a recurrentes mensajes positivos sobre el alcohol. La información y prevención son medidas claves para combatir la convivencia naturalizada con el alcohol
Objective: Alcohol drinking among adolescents is a problem of public health and it is highly conditioned by media and advertising. The objective of this study is to analyze Spanish television and radio alcohol advertising and promotions and to identify their potential influence on adolescents. Methods: A qualitative and quantitative analysis was made of radio and TV alcohol advertising, emitted between 1 December 2006 and 9 January 2007. The methodological steps were: channel and radio station selection; recording of radio and TV programmes directed to adolescents; selection and analysis of TV and radio spots. The variables in the quantitative analysis were: minutes of advertising, audience analysis in the young people; number of radio spots. The qualitative study referred to: brand and slogan, public to which it is directed, advertising protagonists, values and emotional content of the message. anuncio Results: There were identified 914 TV alcohol advertising. 100% of analyzed programs and sport events included alcohol advertise, with spots being the most usual strategy. 26% of spots were specifically directed to adolescents and all showed a positive image of alcohol. 50% of radio commercials sent values like freedom, diversion, social and sexual success. Conclusions: Adolescents are exposed to recurrent positive messages about alcohol, so information and prevention turn extremely important to reduce the naturalized image of alcohol drinking
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Publicidade/legislação & jurisprudência , Publicidade , Controle da Publicidade de Produtos , Bebidas Alcoólicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Bebidas Alcoólicas , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Psicologia do Adolescente/organização & administração , Psicologia do Adolescente/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicina Preventiva/organização & administração , Alcoolismo/prevenção & controle , Saúde Pública/métodos , Saúde Pública/tendências , Mídia Audiovisual/ética , Mídia Audiovisual/legislação & jurisprudência , Mídia Audiovisual/normas , 25783/métodos , 24960/métodos , 24960/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Justificación: La epidemia de gripe H1N1 marcó el mapa sanitario epidemiológico del invierno 2009-2010. Objetivo: Conocer las opiniones de la población general, de los grupos de riesgo y del personal sanitario, sobre la epidemia de gripe. Diseño: cualitativo, estudio exploratorio. Metodología: 10 grupos focales en 3 CCAA, con 51 participantes. Análisis de contenido. Resultados principales: Las actitudes y opiniones de la población general y de los grupos de riesgo evolucionan a lo largo del proceso, desde un estado de preocupación inicial motivado por la sobreinformación y estado de alerta impulsado desde los medios de comunicación, hacia la reducción de la percepción de riesgo, la falta de confianza en las fuentes de información y la necesidad de mayor implicación de las autoridades y fuentes formales. Conclusión: Las autoridades deben apoyarse en sistemas de información avanzados, preparar al personal sanitario, coordinar e implicar a todos los sectores (AU)
Introduction: The H1N1 influenza pandemic of 2009-2010 has important health, social and media repercussions. Objective: to identify the opinions of the general population, risk groups and medical personnel on the 2009-2010 influenza epidemic. Design: Exploratory study, qualitative methodology. Methods: 10 focus groups in 3 Spanish regions with 51 participants. Content analysis. Main results: The attitudes and opinions of the general population and risk groups gradually change from a state of initial concern, caused by the social alert promoted by the media to a reduced perceived risk. The lack of trust in the information sources and the need for a greater involvement of the authorities also appear. Conclusion: The authorities must rely on advanced information systems, train personnel of health services and organize their work on coordination and involvement of all sectors (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/patogenicidade , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Opinião Pública , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Epidemias/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
ObjetivosConocer las opiniones de padres y madres de zonas urbanas sobre el consumo de alcohol en menores y analizar su posicionamiento respecto a las medidas reguladoras existentes.Material y métodosEstudio cualitativo de seis grupos focales con 42 padres y madres de adolescentes de 6 Comunidades Autónomas, respetando la diversidad sociocultural. La parte cuantitativa consiste en un cuestionario en escala 110 sobre la aceptación de las medidas reguladoras del consumo de alcohol en menores, calculando medias y desviación típica.ResultadosPadres y madres no consideran un problema el consumo de alcohol de sus hijos/as, siempre que sea moderado y relacionado con el ocio. El hábito se normaliza en un contexto social y cultural permisivo. El consumo depende de factores externos (la presión social o del grupo de pares) e internos (los familiares). La intervención paterna se inclina hacia imponer la autoridad, las madres prefiriendo la vía de la comunicación y educativa. La labor de los profesores se considera adecuada, sobre todo cuando se les atribuye funciones en la educación integral del alumno, no sólo como transmisor de conocimientos. Sin embargo, los padres y las madres consideran que las instituciones públicas y las autoridades son en parte culpables de la desinformación y de las escasas alternativas de ocio juvenil, así como de no asegurar el cumplimiento de las normas vigentes. En cuanto a las medidas legales, tiene buena aceptación la prohibición de la venta de alcohol y de la publicidad.ConclusionesPadres y madres tienen conciencia del consumo de alcohol en sus hijos/as, pero tienden a normalizar el problema. Desarrollan estrategias diferentes de actuación y, en general, aprueban las medidas reguladoras existentes(AU)
ObjectivesTo determine the opinions of urban parents on alcohol drinking in teenagers and their positioning regarding the legal restrictive measures.Material and methodsWe performed a qualitative study of six focal groups including 42 mothers and fathers of adolescents from six different Spanish regions and from diverse social strata. The quantitative part of the study consisted of a 110 scale questionnaire, measuring parents acceptance and opinion about legal measures restricting underage drinking. Means and standard deviation were calculated.ResultsParents did not consider adolescent alcohol drinking to be a problem so long as it was moderate and leisure time-related. The social and cultural context was permissive with the alcohol consumption. Alcohol intake depended on both external (social pressure) and internal (family) factors. Fathers preferred to exercise authority, while mothers preferred communication and education skills. Parents approved of teachers interventions, especially when based on the students overall education and not restricted to knowledge transmission. Public institutions and authorities were held responsible for adolescents lack of information, the scarcity of leisure-time alternatives and for not ensuring compliance with current regulations. Parents approved restrictions regarding the sale and advertising of alcohol.ConclusionsParents recognize adolescent alcohol drinking as a problem and tend to deal with it. Parents use distinct intervention strategies and generally approve legal measures(AU)