A Comparative Volumetric Assessment of Cancellous and Cortico-Cancellous Bone Graft in the Management of Unilateral Alveolar Cleft Defect using Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Scan-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: The most commonly preferred procedure for surgical correction of alveolar bone defect and restoration of bony contour is anterior iliac crest graft. Since the ancient time, cancellous bone graft is considered as a gold standard, but it has a high resorption rate and many other disadvantages, and hence we conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy of Cortico-cancellous bone graft harvested from anterior iliac crest to find out whether it can be used as a substitute for cancellous bone graft or not. Aims & Objectives: The objectives of present study were to compare and evaluate the bone bridge formation rate, resorption rate, and uptake of bone graft at recipient site using cancellous and corticocanellous bone graft harvested from anterior iliac crest for complete unilateral cleft alveolus defects. Patients and Method: Total 20 patients were divided into two groups by lottery method of randomization. Each group comprises of total 10 patients treated with cancellous bone graft in group 1 and corticocancellous bone graft in group 2 patients harvested from anterior iliac crest. Preoperatively and postoperatively CBCT scans were taken for each patient to calculate the volume of cleft defect and volume of newly formed bone after 6 months, respectively. Grafting fill rate was calculated and mean graft filling rate observed in the patients of group 1 was 1.14 ± 0.03, and in patients of group 2, it was 1.17 ± 0.03. The mean bone bridge formation rate observed in the patients of group 1 was 91.85 ± 0.81 and in patients of group 2 it was 87.89 ± 0.75. The mean bone resorption rate obtained in the patients of group 1 was 18.74 ± 0.42 and in patients of group 2 it was 16.87 ± 0.52. Conclusion: The present study concluded that accurate estimation of the amount required for bone grafting in the alveolar cleft can be performed by CBCT scan data using Planmeca Romexis viewer version 5.0 software. Even though the corticocancellous bone graft has some drawbacks, it is equally good as cancellous bone graft because of its less resorption than cancellous bone graft and can be considered as a second best option for secondary alveolar bone grafting.Clinical trial registration no (REF/2020/09/031605)/(CTRI/2020/09/028001).

Zygomaticomaxillary Osteomyelitis due to COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis (CAM): A Case Series of 10 Patients.

Aim: To highlight the incidence of osteomyelitis due to CAM and to elucidate the mode of spread of infection from maxilla to zygomatic bone, to highlight how that is distinct from other cases of zygomatic osteomyelitis due to other etiologies. Methods: A standard protocol of treatment of the cases of CAM with zygomatic involvement based on our own outcomes was furnished. All 10 patients were treated with dual antifungal therapy and aggressive surgical resection via extraoral approach, in conjunction with functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Results: Ten out of 116 patients of CAM reporting to our institute presented with zygomatic bone involvement with an incidence rate averaging at 8.6%, whereas in previous literature osteomyelitis of zygomatic bone was extremely rare with an incidence pattern of just 1.42%. Conclusions: The treatment protocol followed by the authors gave good outcomes to all patients treated, with no mortalities.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of selected medicinal plants used in Indian traditional medication system in vitro as well as in vivo.

The present study was carried out to evaluate in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of selected medicinal plants used in Indian traditional medication. The sequentially extracted plant samples as, Cissus quadrangularis, Plumbago zeylanica, Terminalia bellarica and Terminalia chebula in water, ethanol and hexane were evaluated in-vitro for COX-1 and 2 inhibitory and antioxidant activities. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of selected samples showing promising COX-2 inhibition was assessed using carrageenan and Phorbol Myristate Acetate (PMA) induced mice edema animal model. The results obtained reveals that most of the plants were found to inhibit COX-2 activity as compared to COX-1. It was observed that the extracts of T. bellarica (73.34 %) and T. chebula (74.81 %) showed significant COX-2 selective inhibition as compared to other samples. The ethanol extract of the selected plants demonstrated effective DPPH, OH and superoxide radical scavenging activity. In vivo anti-inflammatory study shows that, T. bellarica and T. chebulla had a significant impact on inhibition of edema formation. The cytotoxicity evaluation study of ethanolic fraction of selected medicinal plants indicates that the selected samples have no effect on cell viability. HPTLC fingerprint of flavonoids of the selected samples was also prepared as a measure of quality control. The results obtained may be useful in strengthening the standardization of the selected botanicals. Moreover the selected plants can be considered as a resource for searching novel anti-inflammatory agents possessing COX-2 inhibition.

Evaluation of Anticancer, Antioxidant, and Possible Anti-inflammatory Properties of Selected Medicinal Plants Used in Indian Traditional Medication.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the anticancer, antioxidant, and possible anti-inflammatory properties of diverse medicinal plants frequently used in Indian traditional medication. The selected botanicals such as Soymida fembrifuga (Roxb.) A. Juss. (Miliaceae), Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers. (Menispermaceae), Lavandula bipinnata (L.) O. Ktze. (Lamiaceae), and Helicteres isora L. (Sterculiaceae) extracted in different solvents were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer and antioxidant activities. The results obtained indicate that H. isora has potent cytotoxic activity toward the selected cancer cells such as HeLa-B75 (34.21 ± 0.24%), HL-60 (30.25 ± 1.36%), HEP-3B (25.36 ± 1.78%), and PN-15 (29.21 ± 0.52%). Interestingly, the selected botanicals selectively inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) more than (COX-1), which are the key enzymes implicated in inflammation. COX-2 inhibition was observed to be in the range of 19.66-49.52% as compared to COX-1 inhibition (3.93-19.61%). The results of the antioxidant study revealed that the selected plants were found to be effective 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH), and superoxide radical (SOR) scavenging agents. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint of flavonoids was used as a measure of quality control of the selected plant samples. The results of the present findings strengthen the potential of the selected plants as a resource for the discovery of novel anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agents.