Effect of Terminalia chebula extract and chlorhexidine on salivary pH and periodontal health: 2 weeks randomized control trial.

A double blind, randomized, controlled study with three parallel treatment groups was done to evaluate the efficacy of a Terminalia chebula 10% mouth rinse compared with chlorhexidine 0.12% mouth rinse, applied two times daily for 2 weeks, in the treatment of dental plaque and gingivitis. Seventy-eight patients were included in the study. The efficacy variables were periodontal indices on days 0, 7 and 14 after commencement of therapy. Twenty six patients received chlorhexidine mouth rinse, twenty six Terminalia chebula mouth rinse and twenty six received saline solution. The clinical parameters were significantly reduced by both chlorhexidine and Terminalia chebula mouth rinse although no significant difference was seen between the two groups (P > 0.05). This study demonstrated that Terminalia chebula mouth rinse is effective in reducing microbial plaque, gingival inflammation and neutralizing salivary pH.

Assessment of two-way relationship between periodontal disease and gestational diabetes mellitus: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance which begins during pregnancy. Few studies have examined the association between periodontal disease and GDM. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the association between periodontal disease and GDM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population comprised ninety patients, out of which thirty were cases and sixty were controls. All cases underwent a laboratory screening test for GDM between 24 and 30 weeks of gestation based on the recommendation of the obstetricians and gynecologists. To assess the periodontal status, a full-mouth periodontal examination assessing the probing depth, periodontal depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and gingival recession was performed on all study participants by a single trained examiner. Tests for associations were performed using Chi-square statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: None of the periodontitis conditions was found to be a significant predictor of GDM. In GDM patients, 70% of females were having periodontal disease whereas non-GDM patients 77% of patient had periodontal disease. CONCLUSION: The present study did not show any positive association between periodontal disease and GDM.

Relationship of Lipid Profile and Serum Ferritin levels with Acute Myocardial Infarction.

INTRODUCTION: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994, first time reported a significant, positive association in iron storage and heart disease risk. Thereafter several researchers have found an association between iron overload, serum ferritin (SF) and MI. No such Indian study was available in the literature and so we decided to find out the relation of lipid profile and Serum Ferritin with myocardial infarction (MI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty indian patients of AMI (study group) and fifty indian healthy volunteers (control group) were included for the present study. Lipid profile including TC, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c & TG and SF levels were estimated in all subjects. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS: Mean ± SD of TC level was 250.64 ± 25.61, of HDL-c was 36.52 ± 2.86, of LDL-c was 165.69 ± 26.80, of VLDL-c was 42.35 ± 8.53 and of TG was 211.83 ± 42.65 in study group while these values were 174.46±47.68, 43.2±12.52, 98.37±41.13, 32.88±21.45 and 164.42±107.29 respectively in control group. All the parameters were found not only raised in patients of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) but were also statistically significant when compared with control group (p=<0.01). Mean ± SD of SF levels was 268.43±30.17 ng/ml in study group and 110.96±56.5 ng/ml in control group; this level was found not only raised in patients of AMI but were also statistically significant when compared with control group (p=<0.01). CONCLUSION: TC, LDL-c, VLDL-c, TG and SF levels were raised in patients of AMI and found to be statistically significant; while HDL-c levels were reduced in such patients and is also statistically significant. It can be concluded that there exists an association in lipid profile and SF with AMI therefore dyslipidemia and raised SF levels are the features of AMI.

Periodontal Health Status of Different Socio-economic Groups in Out-Patient Department of TMDC & RC, Moradabad, India.

UNLABELLED: Aims & Objective: To assess the oral health awareness and periodontal health status of different socio-economic groups in out-patient department of the Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre (TMDC&RC), Moradabad, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 416 subjects of 30-60 years age group with different socio-economic status classified according to modified Kuppuswamy scale (2012). Subjects were interviewed by the questionnaire and Community Periodontal Index was recorded. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Chi-square test (SPSS version 17). RESULT: This study showed that the code 2 and code 3 is more in lower socio-economic status (p =0.115 and p=0.079 respectively). Significant association was seen in Code 0, code 1 & code 4 (p<0.01) which is indicative that upper class have more healthy periodontal status than lower. CONCLUSION: Significant association exists between oral health awareness and periodontal health with the socio-economic status of the individual.

Assessment of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in Disinfection of Deeper Dentinal Tubules in a Root Canal System: An In Vitro Study.

CONTEXT: The success of endodontic treatment therapy depends on how well we eliminate pathogenic microflora from the root canal system as micro organism as the major cause of root canal infection. Conventional root canal treatment can fail if microorganisms cannot be removed sufficiently by thorough cleaning, shaping of root canal. Newer modalities such as photodynamic therapy are being tried now a days for disinfection of root canals. Aim & Objectives: The basic aim of this study was assessment of the antimicrobial efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy in deeper dentinal tubules for effective disinfection of root canals using microbiological and scanning electron microscopic examination in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College & Research Centre. The teeth required for study was collected from Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Only freshly extracted 20 intact, non carious single rooted teeth which were indicated for orthodontic treatment were taken for this study. Statistical analysis was done using Student's Unpaired t-test were at (p<0.001) was found to be highly significant. Microbiological examination of samples were done and colony forming units were counted to assess the disinfection potential of photodynamic therapy. Scanning electron microscopic examination of samples was done to check penetration of bacteria's into deeper dentinal tubules. RESULTS: On examination, there was a marked reduction in microbial growth after use of photodynamic therapy. On scanning electron microscopic examination, it was observed that there were less number of bacteria's in deeper dentinal tubules in case of PDT group as compared to control group. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate that PDT can be effectively used during antimicrobial procedures along with conventional disinfection procedure for sterilization of root canals.

Assessment of two‑way relationship between periodontal disease and gestational diabetes mellitus: A case–control study.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance which begins during pregnancy. Few studies have examined the association between periodontal disease and GDM. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the association between periodontal disease and GDM. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised ninety patients, out of which thirty were cases and sixty were controls. All cases underwent a laboratory screening test for GDM between 24 and 30 weeks of gestation based on the recommendation of the obstetricians and gynecologists. To assess the periodontal status, a full‑mouth periodontal examination assessing the probing depth, periodontal depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and gingival recession was performed on all study participants by a single trained examiner. Tests for associations were performed using Chi‑square statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: None of the periodontitis conditions was found to be a significant predictor of GDM. In GDM patients, 70% of females were having periodontal disease whereas non‑GDM patients 77% of patient had periodontal disease. Conclusion: The present study did not show any positive association between periodontal disease and GDM.