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BACKGROUND: Migration has challenged society. Most people who move do so for economic reasons, but others move for more tragic reasons. The proportion of female migrants was slightly higher than that of male migrants, partly due to the longer life expectancy of women and the higher demand for female migrants in care-related Jobs. The process may affect migrants' health, particularly in countries where healthcare is associated with high economic costs or insurance availability. A global systematic review of qualitative studies with meta-synthesis was conducted. The results can be used to support health policy and clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To describe how migrants perceive and experience the process of migrating and how it affects their health. SEARCH STRATEGY: Databases consulted were Medline, PsychInfo, Cuiden, Cinahl, WOS, Scopus, Social Science Database, and Epistemonikos. Thirty-four articles were selected for final meta-synthesis. INCLUSION CRITERIA: All qualitative primary studies were included that describe the experiences or perceptions of migrants and refugees over 18 years that talk about their migration process and the impact on their health; written in English or Spanish between 2016 and 2021. Articles referring to second generations and those dealing with pathologies that pre-date the migration process were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: The COREQ and JBI templates were used as quality criteria. Studies mostly used a phenomenological methodology and in-depth interviews, both individual and group, were used for data collection and narrative synthesis. MAIN RESULTS: Uncertainty emerges as a main category. Three other interrelated themes have a direct impact on migrants' health: Language, Social Networks and Work. There are several conditions in each of these that have a positive or negative impact on health. The gender condition appears in both work and social networks, positively and negatively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Health would be improved by having a stable job, which would facilitate access to health resources. Social networks and language are facilitators of access to a better job, but not the only condition. From a gender perspective, social networks can become a source of health problems, especially for women. The process of migration places women in a position of vulnerability due to the difficulties of reconciling family and work life. Job insecurity, workload, loss of family life or social isolation increase hopelessness and anxiety, leading to health problems. PUBLIC OR PATIENT CONTRIBUTION: As an academic review study, no patient contribution was required, and this study serves as a theoretical framework for more in-depth research that will work with migrant populations. As a public contribution, this work provides evidence of the need to improve access to health for some populations, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set for 2030.
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Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Humanos , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Feminino , Masculino , Nível de SaúdeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dating apps for men who have sex with men (MSM) have favored unprotected sexual encounters; other unsafe practices, including drug use, are widespread. No evidence is available from the perspective of the structure of their relationships, a personal aspect included in all nursing meta-paradigms. AIM: To study the structure of MSM networks through dating and contact applications and this relationship to risky sexual activities such as condom use, chemsex (sex while using drug), and group sex. DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study. SAMPLE: A total of 32 MSM participants from Madrid (Spain). MEASUREMENTS: Socio-demographic and structural variables with Social Network Analysis (SNA) metrics. Data on condom use, drug use during encounters, and group sex were included. RESULTS: Twenty-five percent of respondents practiced chemsex, and 75% of these used poppers. MSM with higher socioeconomic status participated in group sex sessions more frequently than those with lower socioeconomics. Within the network analysis, the relationships strong showed greater ease in having unprotected anal intercourse. CONCLUSION: SNA can be effective in the study of MSM sexual networks and their risk behaviors for community nurses to improve their interventions in sexual health promotion.
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Infecções por HIV , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Masculino , Humanos , Homossexualidade Masculina , Estudos Transversais , Análise de Rede Social , Comportamento Sexual , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Assunção de Riscos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Background/Objectives: Postpartum depression is usually defined as a major depressive episode that occurs shortly after childbirth. This condition is most commonly found in females; however, paternal postpartum depression has begun to attract more research attention. This study aims to identify different instruments for measuring this mental health problem and to detect risk factors as well as the main sources of resilience in paternal postpartum depression. Methods: A literature review was conducted following the PRISMA method. Results: After analyzing 10 articles, it was determined that the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale is the most widely used instrument for the diagnosis of postpartum depression in the female population, and after several studies, it has already been validated for the male sex. After several studies were analyzed to highlight the main risk factors for paternal postpartum depression, it was established that the most influential factor is male gender role stress. These findings highlight the traditional role of fathers today. Most health professionals see the mother as the priority. Conclusions: Paternal depression is a major problem for mothers and fathers today, as well as for the newborn. As time goes on, there is a growing need to incorporate fathers into current and future mental health programs to be able to provide the necessary support.
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BACKGROUND: The quality of life and social support during pregnancy are two variables influencing the health of pregnants and neonates. The documented impact of these variables on mental health, specifically the risk of depression, is notable. AIM: To investigate the evolution of quality of life and social support at the beginning and end of pregnancy in pregnant women, and to examine the relationship between these variables. METHODS: The proposed longitudinal study includes 188 pregnants from a northern region of Spain. Participants were selected through consecutive sampling from September 2021 to April 2023. Quality of life and social support will be assessed in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy using the SF-36 questionnaire and MOS-SSS questionnaire, respectively. FINDINGS: The questionnaires show strong internal consistency (α = 0.91 and 0.97). Quality of life changes during pregnancy, declining in the physical component and rising in the mental component towards the end. Primiparous women have higher quality of life. Depression risk is 29.8 % in the 1st trimester, dropping to 22.9 % in the 3rd trimester. Social support decreases in the 3rd trimester, particularly among unmarried women. Significant positive correlations exist between quality of life and social support. CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes notable variations in quality of life and social support during pregnancy, impacting the health of pregnant individuals and neonates. Proposing standardization in monitoring these factors during prenatal check-ups aims to improve the physical and mental health of pregnant individuals and newborns.
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This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to analyze the relationship between maternal positions during the expulsion phase and perineal outcomes in 367 eutocic births attended by midwives or midwifery residents at a public hospital in northern Spain in 2018. A total of 94.3% of women opted for horizontal positions. Limited sacral retroversion was observed in 71.7%, potentially influencing perineal outcomes. A low incidence of tears indicated effective management during the expulsive phase, with an episiotomy rate of 15.3%, which was slightly above the 15% standard. Primiparity and maternal age were identified as risk factors associated with episiotomy. Additionally, sacral mobilization and vertical positions during delivery were significantly related to fewer perineal injuries, suggesting benefits for both mother and newborn. The correlation between maternal positions and the need for epidural analgesia highlighted the importance of considering these in pain management during childbirth. Despite limitations, the study provides valuable insight into obstetric practices and advocates for a woman-centered approach that respects autonomy during childbirth. Further research is needed to explore biomechanical parameters and enhance childbirth experiences.
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(1) Background: To describe sleep quality, eating behaviour and alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use among healthcare staff in a Spanish public hospital. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study examining sleep quality (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index), eating behaviour (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (R18)), tobacco and drug use (ESTUDES questionnaire) and alcohol use (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener). (3) Results: 178 people, of whom 87.1% (155) were women, with an average age of 41.59 ± 10.9 years. A total of 59.6% of the healthcare workers had sleep problems, to a greater or lesser degree. The average daily consumption was 10.56 ± 6.74 cigarettes. The most commonly used drugs included cannabis, occasionally used by 88.37%, cocaine (4.75%), ecstasy (4.65%) and amphetamines (2.33%). A total of 22.73% of participants had increased their drug use, and 22.73% had increased their consumption during the pandemic, with beer and wine accounting for 87.2% of drinks consumed during this period. (4) Conclusions: In addition to the psychological and emotional impact already demonstrated, the COVID-19 crisis has repercussions on sleep quality, eating behaviour and alcohol, tobacco and drug consumption. Psychological disturbances have repercussions on physical and functional aspects of healthcare workers. It is feasible that these alterations are due to stress, and it is necessary to act through treatment and prevention as well as promote healthy habits.
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COVID-19 , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Hospitais , Hábitos , Atenção à SaúdeRESUMO
During the COVID-19 pandemic, gender inequalities in nurses have been exacerbated through the images shown on social networks. This study aimed to explore and describe nursing students' experiences and perceptions about gender inequalities in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive qualitative study was carried out in two universities in 264 undergraduate nursing students. The photovoice method was used to guide the study. Results: Two main categories and four subcategories were described from the data: "gender-related stereotypes", with "male leadership in a female profession" and "sexualization of female nurses" and "women's vulnerability in the pandemic" with "the gender gap in the face of increased risk of contagion " and "women's emotional fragility". Over the years, care has been considered a female task, and nursing continues to be thought of in this way. The nurse has been discriminated against, poorly considered as a professional, and, as a woman, subjected to gender roles.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Bacharelado em Enfermagem , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Bacharelado em Enfermagem/métodos , Equidade de Gênero , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Rede Social , PercepçãoRESUMO
AIM: To study the existence of subgroups by exploring the similarities between the attributes of the nodes of the groups, in relation to diet and gender and, to analyse the connectivity between groups based on aspects of similarities between them through SNA and artificial intelligence techniques. METHODS: 235 students from 5 different educational centres participate in this study between March and December 2015. Data analysis carried out is divided into two blocks: social network analysis and unsupervised machine learning techniques. As for the social network analysis, the Girvan-Newman technique was applied to find the best number of cohesive groups within each of the friendship networks of the different classes analysed. RESULTS: After applying Girvan-Newman in the three classes, the best division into clusters was respectively 2 for classroom A, 7 for classroom B and 6 for classroom C. There are significant differences between the groups and the gender and diet variables. After applying K-means using population diet as an input variable, a K-means clustering of 2 clusters for class A, 3 clusters for class B and 3 clusters for class C is obtained. CONCLUSION: Adolescents form subgroups within their classrooms. Subgroup cohesion is defined by the fact that nodes share similarities in aspects that influence obesity, they share attributes related to food quality and gender. The concept of homophily, related to SNA, justifies our results. Artificial intelligence techniques together with the application of the Girvan-Newman provide robustness to the structural analysis of similarities and cohesion between subgroups.
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Inteligência Artificial , Pandemias , Humanos , Adolescente , Análise de Rede Social , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Aprendizado de MáquinaRESUMO
Alcohol is a widely used legal drug. Self-efficacy takes on great importance in an adolescent's development. Levels of self-efficacy can contribute to the decision-making process of the adolescent. In this phase, a group of friends becomes increasingly important. Alcohol is present in different social aspects. Adolescents use alcohol as a social facilitator or as part of the development of their autonomy. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the structure of the friendship network, self-efficacy, and alcohol consumption in adolescents. METHODS: We used an online platform with validated self-reported questionnaires to collect the data. The sample consisted of 195 adolescents aged between 16 and 18, from different educational centers in Bierzo (Spain). RESULTS: It was found that 43.6% of the adolescents in our research were high-risk consumers. Significant differences were obtained in terms of self-efficacy and different network metrics. These networks were represented by considering the levels of alcohol consumption. In the friendship network, we observed how the central adolescents presented higher levels of self-efficacy and lower alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Self-efficacy is established as a predictor of coping and not consuming alcohol and adolescence as a crucial moment to implement prevention strategies. Social Network Analysis is a useful tool that provides an image of the context in which adolescents find themselves.
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Comportamento do Adolescente , Amigos , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Etanol , Humanos , Grupo Associado , Autoeficácia , Análise de Rede Social , Apoio SocialRESUMO
The COVID-19 pandemic caused the start of the academic year 2020/2021 to be conditioned by health and safety regulations. The present research was defined with the aim of analyzing the degree of satisfaction and perceptions on the establishment of bubble groups and pairs and on the use of audiovisual platforms for the development of theoretical and practical university teaching in three degrees of health sciences. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on a representative sample of students and teachers of health sciences in Ponferrada (n = 285). Specific questionnaires designed for this study were completed virtually during April and May 2021. The results indicate that that satisfaction was moderate-high. The perception of the influence of bubble pairs on the quality of teaching can be interpreted as very low. These results increase with the age and academic and professional experience of students and faculty members, respectively. However, the participants belonging to physiotherapy considered that the quality of teaching had worsened much more compared to their counterparts in nursing and podiatry.
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OBJECTIVE: Excessive alcohol consumption in adolescents is one of the most significant public health problems currently facing society. Social and geographical contexts contribute to the development of alcohol-related behavior in adolescents. The aim of this research is to analyze the social pattern related to alcohol consumption in adolescents based on their geographical environment. METHODOLOGY: We designed a descriptive cross-sectional study based on social network analysis. We recruited 196 high school students between 16 and 18 years of age to participate in the study. The methodology applied was social network analysis by means of transitivity and homophily social triads. The data were analyzed using STATA statistical software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A total of 58.48% of rural adolescents consumed alcohol compared to 49.52% of urban adolescents. These results demonstrate that adolescents who live in rural areas exhibit a greater risk of drinking alcohol than those who live in urban areas. The presence of transitive triads increases the probability of sharing sociodemographic attributes in such a way that it may be considered one of the causes of homophily, contributing to adolescents taking greater risks, such as consuming alcohol.
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Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Etanol/administração & dosagem , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudantes/psicologiaRESUMO
Introducción: La salud escolar debe velar por el bienestar integral de la comunidad escolar, fortaleciendo conductas de autocuidado y hábitos saludables a través de la promoción y prevención e investigación en salud. El abordaje holístico que define a la Enfermería hace que la inclusión de la enfermera escolar sea fundamental en los diferentes centros educativos. Objetivo: Analizar los beneficios del rol de la enfermería escolar en base a sus competencias para identificar la necesidad que supone la figura de la enfermería en los colegios.Metodología: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, cualitativa siguiendo las indicaciones de la declaración PRISMA. La búsqueda de las publicaciones se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos Web of Science y MedLine, seleccionándose aquellos artículos publicados en los últimos 5 años en inglés y español. Resultados: se incluyeron un total de 10 artículos. Su análisis muestra las competencias de la enfermera escolar, la perspectiva que tienen los docentes y los padres de la figura de la enfermera escolar, así como la necesidad que aporta a comunidad escolar. Conclusiones: La presencia de la enfermera escolar en los centros educativos garantiza tranquilidad y beneficios para la comunidad, no solo mediante actividades de prevención o asistenciales, sino también mediante estrategias de educación para la salud. Nuestra investigación ha recogido cómo pese a que existe un argumento firme y conciso sobre la importancia de esta figura continúa la lucha por su implantación. (AU)
Introduction: School health must ensure the comprehensive well-being of the school community, strengthening self-care behaviours and healthy habits through promotion and prevention and through health-related research. The holistic approach that defines Nursing makes the inclusion of the school nurse fundamental in the different educational centres.Objective: To analyse the benefits of the role of school nursing based on their remit to identify the need for nurses in schools. Methodology: Integrative review of the literature and qualitative review based on the indications of the PRISMA statement. The search for publications was carried out in the Web of Science and MedLine databases, selecting those articles published in the last 5 years in English and Spanish. Results: A total of 10 articles were included. Their analysis shows the remit of the school nurse, the perspective that teachers and parents have of the school nurse role, as well as the need it represents to the school community.Conclusions: The presence of the school nurse in educational centres ensures tranquillity and benefits for the community, not only through prevention or assistance activities, but also through health education strategies. Our research has revealed how, despite the fact that there is a firm and concise argument regarding the importance of this role, the fight for its establishment continues. (AU)
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Humanos , Papel (figurativo) , Serviços de Enfermagem Escolar , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Educação em Saúde , Pais , DocentesRESUMO
Objetivo principal: Analizar la percepción de estrés, inteligencia emocional y engagement en los estudiantes de grado en Enfermería del Campus de Ponferrada durante el desarrollo de sus prácticas clínicas. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional de corte transversal. La muestra fue de 73 estudiantes. Se utilizaron los cuestionarios: KEZKAK, TMMS-24 y UWES-S y datos sociodemográficos. Resultados principales: El 78,1% de los alumnos presentaron estrés siendo las mujeres las que alcanzaron puntuaciones más elevadas. Los estudiantes procedentes de fuera de Ponferrada percibieron mayores tasas de estrés. La puntuación media de la Inteligencia Emocional fue de 78.92±15.11. Las dimensiones de la Inteligencia Emocional correlacionan positivamente con las dimensiones del engagement. Conclusión principal: Los estudiantes de Grado en Enfermería perciben estrés durante el desarrollo de las prácticas clínicas, sin embargo, presentan una adecuada Inteligencia Emocional y niveles altos de engagement.(AU)
Objective: To analyze the perception of stress, emotional intelligence and engagement in Nursing Degree students from the Ponferrada Campus during the development of their clinical practices. Methods: quantitative, descriptive, correlational cross-sectional study. The sample was 73 students. The questionnaires were used: KEZKAK, TMMS-24 and UWES-S and sociodemographic data. Results: 78.1% of the students presented stress, with women reaching the highest scores. Students from outside Ponferrada perceived higher rates of stress. The mean Emotional Intelligence score was 78.92±15.11. The dimensions of Emotional Intelligence positively correlate with the dimensions of engagement. Conclusions: Nursing degree students perceive stress during the development of clinical practices, however they present adequate Emotional Intelligence and high levels of engagement.(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Estresse Psicológico , Inteligência Emocional , Estágio Clínico , Enfermagem , 24960 , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Correlação de Dados , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Patient safety depends on the culture of the healthcare organization involving relationships between professionals. This article proposes that the study of these relations should be conducted from a network perspective and using a methodology called Social Network Analysis (SNA). This methodology includes a set of mathematical constructs grounded in Graph Theory. With the SNA we can know aspects of the individual's position in the network (centrality) or cohesion among team members. Thus, the SNA allows to know aspects related to security such as the kind of links that can increase commitment among professionals, how to build those links, which nodes have more prestige in the team in generating confidence or collaborative network, which professionals serve as intermediaries between the subgroups of a team to transmit information or smooth conflicts, etc. Useful aspects in stablishing a safety culture. The SNA would analyze the relations among professionals, their level of communication to communicate errors and spontaneously seek help and coordination between departments to participate in projects that enhance safety. Thus, they related through a network, using the same language, a fact that helps to build a culture. In summary, we propose an approach to safety culture from a SNA perspective that would complement other commonly used methods.
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Instalações de Saúde , Relações Interprofissionais , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Segurança do Paciente , Apoio Social , Comunicação , Comportamento Cooperativo , Humanos , Cultura Organizacional , Gestão de Riscos/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
SALBIS es un grupo de investigación interdisciplinar, interuniversitario e internacional de la Universidad de León. Se crea en 2011, con objeto de liderar la investigación en salud y bienestar centrado en la persona y la sociedad. La mayoría de sus miembros son enfermeras con perfiles híbridos (antropólogas, psicólogas, humanistas, etc.) que enriquecen la perspectiva investigadora. Sus doctorados se han desarrollado en Enfermería, Psicología, Biomedicina, etc. Las líneas de investigación son: planificación estratégica sanitaria, redes, bienestar, movilidad y movimiento, e innovación tecnológica y salud. Para SALBIS, el conocimiento generado debe ser: responsable con la sociedad, sostenible en el tiempo, y compartido tanto con las administraciones públicas como con las empresas. Los miembros del grupo están muy sensibilizados con acercar sus experiencias investigadoras a la sociedad, motivando en la curiosidad científica, y mostrando sus logros con la finalidad de llevarlos a la práctica. La Enfermería ha supuesto, para el grupo SALBIS, la sensibilidad y la eficiencia en el cuidado, y una perspectiva ilusionante para crear sociedades saludables y felices
SALBIS is an interdisciplinary, inter-university and international research group in the Universidad de León. It was created in 2011, with the aim of leading research in health and wellbeing focused on the person and the society. The majority of its members are nurses with crossover profiles (anthropologists, psychologists, humanists, etc.), who enrich the research perspective. They have doctorate degrees in Nursing, Psychology, Biomedicine, etc. The lines of research are: strategic healthcare planning, networks, wellbeing, mobility and movement, and technological innovation and health. For SALBIS, the knowledge generated must be: responsible with society, sustainable over time, and shared both with local authorities and companies. The group members are highly aware of the need to bring their research experiences close to society, motivating scientific curiosity, and showing their achievements with the aim of putting them into practice. For the SALBIS Group, Nursing has represented sensitivity and efficiency in healthcare, and an exciting perspective to create healthy and happy societies
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Humanos , Indicadores de Desenvolvimento Sustentável/métodos , Seguridade Social , Pesquisa Interdisciplinar/organização & administração , Ciência de Dados/métodos , Economia da Enfermagem , Pesquisa Interdisciplinar/economia , Estratégias de Saúde Locais , Sistemas de Saúde/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
El presente artículo pretende justificar la relevancia de las relaciones sociales en el entorno del adolescente obeso. La motivación por este enfoque surgió debido al vacío que se ha encontrado en estudios que expliquen si los adolescentes comen mejor o peor y/o realizan más o menos ejercicio físico dependiendo de su red de amigos. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica centrada en la obesidad y el análisis de las redes sociales de los jóvenes a través de la Biblioteca de la Universidad de León, en diferentes bases de datos tales como Web of Knowledge (WOK), Scielo, Scopus, entre otras. Se obtuvieron artículos y otros documentos de interés utilizando revistas pertenecientes a las disciplinas de la Sociología y de las Ciencias de la Salud. Tras realizar la lectura de los textos más relevantes se pudo obtener los siguientes resultados: (1) las relaciones influyen en los hábitos de los adolescentes, (2) la calidad y la cantidad de comida puede depender del tipo de red que le rodea, y (3) el nivel de ejercicio físico que tiene un individuo se puede ver influenciado por sus mejores amigos, por el grupo en general que le rodea e incluso por los amigos de sus amigos. De todo ello se deriva, que el estudio de la red social del individuo puede ser una herramienta útil a la hora de visualizar los patrones de comportamiento, y por tanto, aplicable a los programas de salud y salud pública contribuyendo, de esta forma, a la sostenibilidad del sistema (AU)
This aim of this article is to demonstrate the importance of social networks in the obese adolescent's environment. This study emerged in response to the paucity of information encountered in the literature as regards whether adolescents eat better or worse and/or performs more or less physical exercise depending on their friendship networks. We performed literature search at the University of León library which focused on obesity and an analysis of young people's social networks, exploring databases such as the Web of Knowledge (WOK), SciELO and Scopus, among others. Articles and other documents of interest were identified using journals from the disciplines of Sociology and the Health Sciences. After the most relevant texts had been read in full, the following results were obtained: (1) relationships influence adolescents' habits, (2) the quality and quantity of food they consume can depend on the type of network to which they belong, and (3) the amount of physical exercise that adolescents do can be influenced by their best friends, by the wider group to which they belong and even by friends of friends. The foregoing suggests that the study of adolescents' social networks could be a useful tool for identifying behaviour patterns; it is therefore applicable to health and public health programmes and would contribute to the sustainability of the system (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Obesidade Infantil/complicações , Obesidade Infantil/genética , Amigos/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Atividade Motora/genética , Comportamento Alimentar/classificação , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Obesidade Infantil/diagnóstico , Obesidade Infantil/metabolismo , Obesidade Infantil/psicologia , Amigos/etnologia , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologiaRESUMO
La seguridad del paciente depende de la cultura de la organización sanitaria y de las relaciones que los profesionales mantienen entre sí. En este artículo se propone que el estudio de esas relaciones debería de llevarse a cabo desde una perspectiva de red y mediante una metodología denominadaAnálisis de Redes Sociales (ARS). Esta incluye un conjunto de constructos matemáticos fundamentados en la Teoría de grafos. Con el ARS podemos conocer aspectos relacionados con la posición del individuo en la red (centralidad) o la cohesión entre los miembros de un equipo. De esta forma se pueden conocer aspectos tan relacionados con la seguridad como por ejemplo saber qué tipo de vínculos pueden aumentar el compromiso entre los profesionales, cómo se construyen, qué nodos tienen más prestigio en el equipo en cuanto a generar confianza o una red colaborativa, qué profesionales sirven de intermediarios entre los subgrupos de un equipo para transmitir información o suavizar conflictos, etcétera, todos ellos aspectos útiles para establecer una cultura de seguridad. El ARS permitiría analizar las relaciones de los profesionales, su nivel de comunicación para manifestar los errores y pedir ayuda de forma espontánea y la coordinación existente entre departamentos para participar en proyectos que mejoren la seguridad. De esta forma, se relacionan en red utilizando un mismo lenguaje, hecho que ayuda a construir una cultura. En conclusión, se propone un abordaje de la cultura de seguridad desde una perspectiva de ARS que complementaría otros métodos habitualmente utilizados(AU)
Patient safety depends on the culture of the healthcare organization involving relationships between professionals. This article proposes that the study of these relations should be conducted from a network perspective and using a methodology called Social Network Analysis (SNA). This methodology includes a set of mathematical constructs grounded in Graph Theory.With the SNAwe can know aspects of the individual's position in the network (centrality) or cohesion among team members. Thus, the SNA allows to know aspects related to security such as the kind of links that can increase commitment among professionals, how to build those links, which nodes have more prestige in the team in generating confidence or collaborative network, which professionals serve as intermediaries between the subgroups of a teamto transmit information or smooth conflicts, etc. Useful aspects in stablishing a safety culture. The SNAwould analyze the relations among professionals, their level of communication to communicate errors and spontaneously seek help and coordination between departments to participate in projects that enhance safety. Thus, they related through a network, using the same language, a fact that helps to build a culture. In summary, we propose an approach to safety culture from a SNA perspective that would complement other commonly used methods(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Rede Social , Segurança do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Segurança do Paciente/normas , Redes Comunitárias/organização & administração , Redes Comunitárias/estatística & dados numéricos , Política de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Gestão da Segurança/organização & administração , Gestão da Segurança/normas , Redes Comunitárias/normas , Política de Saúde/tendências , Gestão da Segurança/métodos , Gestão da Segurança , Apoio SocialRESUMO
Resumen:
Marco teórico y objetivo: el objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el sistema de valores que los alumnos perciben, después de una serie de estrategias implantadas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la Escuela Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de León, España. Metodología: se aplicó el cuestionario de valores DpV-43 a 145 alumnos. Fue aplicado un análisis descriptivo con medidas de tendencia central, medias y moda. Resultado: los alumnos consideraron que el principal valor que debía liderar la vida universitaria era el compañerismo-cooperación. Discusión: los autores proponen estrategias en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje para promover la cooperación y la cohesión entre los estudiantes, promoviendo redes de transferencia de conocimiento y amistad entre las Escuelas de Enfermería.