Straightforward synthetic protocol for the introduction of stabilized C†nucleophiles in the BODIPY core for advanced sensing and photonic applications.

A straightforward synthetic protocol to directly incorporate stabilized 1,3-dicarbonyl C nucleophiles to the meso position of BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) is reported. Soft nucleophiles generated by deprotonation of 1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives smoothly displace the 8-methylthio group from 8-(methylthio)BODIPY analogues in the presence of Cu(I) thiophenecarboxylate in stoichiometric amounts at room temperature. Seven highly fluorescent new derivatives are prepared with varying yields (20-92%) in short reaction times (5-30 min). The excellent photophysical properties of the new dyes allow focusing on applications never analyzed before for BODIPYs substituted with stabilized C nucleophiles such as pH sensors and lasers in liquid and solid state, highlighting the relevance of the synthetic protocol described in the present work. The attainment of these dyes, with strong UV absorption and highly efficient and stable laser emission in the green spectral region, concerns to one of the greatest challenges in the ongoing development of advanced photonic materials with relevant applications. In fact, organic dyes with emission in the green are the only ones that allow, by frequency-doubling processes, the generation of tunable ultraviolet (250-350 nm) radiation, with ultra-short pulses.

Scope and Limitations of the Liebeskind-Srogl Cross-Coupling Reactions Involving the Biellmann BODIPY.

Several new examples of meso-(het)arylBODIPY were prepared via the Liebeskind-Srogl (L-S) cross-coupling reaction of the Biellmann BODIPYs (1a,b) and aryl- and heteroarylboronic acids in good to excellent yield. It was shown that this reaction could be carried out under microwave heating to shorten reaction times and/or increase the yield. It was illustrated that organostannanes also participate in the L-S reaction to give the corresponding BODIPY analogues in short reaction times and also with good to excellent yields. We analyze the role of the substituent at the sensitive meso position in the photophysical signatures of these compounds. In particular, the rotational motion of the aryl ring and the electron donor ability of the anchored moieties rule the nonradiative pathways and, hence, have a deep impact in the fluorescence efficiency.

Systemic amyloidosis presenting with glans penis involvement.

Penile amyloidosis has been reported on many occasions in the literature, but all of these have been forms of primary cutaneous amyloidosis. Systemic amyloidosis presenting with a penile ulcer as the first manifestation has not previously been reported. We present two patients in whom an ulcer of the glans penis was the first complaint that led to a diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis. In both patients, lambda light chain type amyloid was showed immunohistochemically. Both patients presented with other manifestations of systemic amyloidosis, including nail dystrophy characterized by onycholisis, trachyonychia and onychoschizia.

Chronic administration of the neurotrophic agent cerebrolysin ameliorates the behavioral and morphological changes induced by neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion in a rat model of schizophrenia.

Neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (nVHL) in rats has been widely used as a neurodevelopmental model to mimic schizophrenia-like behaviors. Recently, we reported that nVHLs result in dendritic retraction and spine loss in prefrontal cortex (PFC) pyramidal neurons and medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Cerebrolysin (Cbl), a neurotrophic peptide mixture, has been reported to ameliorate the synaptic and dendritic pathology in models of aging and neurodevelopmental disorder such as Rett syndrome. This study sought to determine whether Cbl was capable of reducing behavioral and neuronal alterations in nVHL rats. The behavioral analysis included locomotor activity induced by novel environment and amphetamine, social interaction, and sensoriomotor gating. The morphological evaluation included dendritic analysis by using the Golgi-Cox procedure and stereology to quantify the total cell number in PFC and NAcc. Behavioral data show a reduction in the hyperresponsiveness to novel environment- and amphetamine-induced locomotion, with an increase in the total time spent in social interactions and in prepulse inhibition in Cbl-treated nVHL rats. In addition, neuropathological analysis of the limbic regions also showed amelioration of dendritic retraction and spine loss in Cbl-treated nVHL rats. Cbl treatment also ameliorated dendritic pathology and neuronal loss in the PFC and NAcc in nVHL rats. This study demonstrates that Cbl promotes behavioral improvements and recovery of dendritic neuronal damage in postpubertal nVHL rats and suggests that Cbl may have neurotrophic effects in this neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. These findings support the possibility that Cbl has beneficial effects in the management of schizophrenia symptoms.

Cumulative interpersonal childhood adversity and post-traumatic stress symptoms across heterosexual, cisgender and gender and sexually diverse adolescents: The mediating role of emotion regulation.

BACKGROUND: Emotion regulation has been identified as an explanatory factor in the association between interpersonal childhood adversity and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). However, most studies focused on adults or older adolescents, neglecting youth from the community, especially gender and sexually diverse (GSD) adolescents, who have a higher risk for exposure to adverse events and psychological difficulties, compared to their heterosexual, cisgender (HC) peers. OBJECTIVE: The present cross-sectional study aimed to examine the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties in the association between cumulative interpersonal childhood adversity and PTSS across HC and GSD adolescents. METHODS: A sample of 2904 ninth grade students (Mage = 14.53, SD = 0.61) completed a self-report survey. Multigroup path analyses were conducted to examine the proposed mediation model in all groups, and comparisons were made using chi-square difference tests. RESULTS: Greater difficulties in emotion regulation mediated the association between greater cumulative interpersonal childhood adversity (ß = 0.36, p < .001) and greater PTSS (ß = 0.35, p < .001) - regardless of HC or GSD status - although the direct association between cumulative interpersonal childhood adversity and PTSS was significantly stronger among GSD boys (ß = 0.36, p < .001) and GSD girls (ß = 0.35, p < .001) than among HC boys (ß = 0.21, p < .001) and HC girls (ß = 0.25, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Findings offer a modifiable target for prevention and/or intervention among middle adolescents, as emotion regulation difficulties may partially explain the presence of PTSS following cumulative interpersonal childhood adversity.

Discovery of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitors with potential for decreased active metabolite load compared to dirlotapide.

Analogues related to dirlotapide (1), a gut-selective inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) were prepared with the goal of further reducing the potential for unwanted liver MTP inhibition and associated side-effects. Compounds were designed to decrease active metabolite load: reducing MTP activity of likely human metabolites and increasing metabolite clearance to reduce exposure. Introduction of 4'-alkyl and 4'-alkoxy substituents afforded compounds exhibiting improved therapeutic index in rats with respect to liver triglyceride accumulation and enzyme elevation. Likely human metabolites of select compounds were prepared and characterized for their potential to inhibit MTP in vivo. Based on preclinical efficacy and safety data and its potential for producing short-lived, weakly active metabolites, compound 13 (PF-02575799) advanced into phase 1 clinical studies.

Perfil epidemiológico e assistência clínica a mulheres com endometriose em um hospital universitário público brasileiro / Epidemiological profile and clinical assistance of women with endometriosis in a Brazilian public university hospital

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico e clínico e a assistência médica fornecida às pacientes acompanhadas no ambulatório específico para endometriose em um hospital universitário público brasileiro. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo. Foram incluídos os prontuários médicos de 153 pacientes com endometriose acompanhadas em nosso ambulatório desde sua criação, em fevereiro de 2017, até abril de 2020. Os dados coletados foram utilizados para estabelecer os sintomas mais prevalentes, os métodos diagnósticos utilizados, os locais acometidos com maior frequência, o tratamento clínico estabelecido e as características epidemiológicas da população estudada. Resultados: A idade média das pacientes foi de 35,2 ± 7,23 anos. Os sintomas mais prevalentes foram dismenorreia (88,2%), dispareunia (65,4%) e infertilidade (52,9%). O ovário foi o local mais acometido (60,1%). A coexistência de doenças autoimunes foi identificada em 7,2% das pacientes. Cerca de 47,7% das pacientes foram diagnosticadas com ressonância magnética pélvica e 45% foram tratadas com dienogeste. Conclusão: O reconhecimento da epidemiologia da endometriose, os sintomas mais frequentes e as comorbidades associadas à doença podem permitir aos profissionais de saúde melhorar sua capacidade diagnóstica e realizar uma assistência clínica individualizada e eficiente.(AU)

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and clinical profile and the medical assistance provided to patients followed up in the specific outpatient clinic of endometriosis in a Brazilian public university hospital. Methods: It was a cross-sectional retrospective study. Medical records of 153 patients with endometriosis followed up in our specific outpatient clinic, since its creation, in February 2017, until April 2020 were included. Data collected was used to establish the most prevalent symptoms, diagnostic methods used, most frequent sites of involvement, clinical treatment and epidemiological characteristics of the study population. Results: The mean age of patients was 35.2 ± 7.23 years old. The most prevalent symptoms were dysmenorrhea (88.2%), dyspareunia (65.4%) and infertility (52.9%). Ovary was the most affected site (60.1%). The coexistence of autoimmune disease was identified in 7.2% patients. About 47.7% were diagnosed by pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 45% were treated with dienogest. Conclusion: The recognition of endometriosis epidemiology, the most frequent symptoms and the comorbidities associated with the disease may enable health care professionals to improve the diagnostic capacity and to perform an individualized and efficient clinical assistance.(AU)

[Oral squamous cell carcinoma and lichen planus vs. lichenoid lesions. Case report]. / Carcinoma escamocelular y liquen plano frente a lesiones liquenoides en boca. Reporte de caso.

BACKGROUND: The development of squamous cell carcinoma from oral lichen planus is controversial. We report a case of intraoral squamous cell carcinoma, which presents together with lesions of oral lichen planus. The aim of this report was to analyze the problem to distinguish between the incipient changes of squamous cell carcinoma from the features described in oral lichen planus, in order to establish an accurate diagnosis of both entities. CLINICAL CASE: A 57-year old man with a history of smoking and chronic alcohol intake, who had an ulcerated tumor mass located in the tongue, and bilateral white reticular patches on buccal mucosa and borders of the tongue. The histopathological report was moderately differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma and lichen planus respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The premalignant nature of OLP is still indeterminate and controversial, this is primarily due to inconsistency in the clinical and histological diagnostic criteria used to differentiate cases of oral lichen planus from lichenoid reactions or other lesions causing intraepithelial dysplasia with high potentially malignant transformation. Oral lichenoid reactions are possibly most likely to develop malignant transformation as compared to the classic OLP lesions.

Introducción: el desarrollo de carcinoma escamocelular a partir del liquen plano bucal es controversial. Describimos un caso con carcinoma escamocelular intrabucal, que cursa con lesiones de liquen plano bucal y se analizan las dificultades para distinguir los cambios incipientes del carcinoma escamocelular de las lesiones por liquen plano intrabucales que lleven a establecer un diagnóstico certero de ambas entidades. Caso clínico: hombre de 57 años, con antecedente de tabaquismo y hábito alcohólico crónico, que presenta lesión tumoral ulcerada en borde lateral izquierdo de lengua y placas blancas reticulares bilaterales en mucosa yugal, bordes laterales y vientre de lengua. El reporte histopatológico fue de carcinoma escamocelular invasor moderadamente diferenciado y liquen plano respectivamente. Conclusiones: la naturaleza premaligna del liquen plano bucal es controvertida, esto por inconsistencia en los criterios diagnóstico clínicos e histológicos que permitan diferenciar los casos de liquen plano bucal de otras lesiones como las reacciones liquenoides o displasias intraepiteliales con alto potencial de malignización. Posiblemente las reacciones liquenoides bucales tienen un mayor riesgo de transformación maligna al compararse con el clásico liquen plano bucal.

Recalcitrant oral squamous cell papilloma lesions in two HIV-infected patients successfully treated with topical imiquimod.

BACKGROUND: Squamous cell papilloma is a benign mucosal disease associated with human papillomavirus. Its presence in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients has rarely been reported. Therapeutic modalities for oral squamous cell papilloma have limited success and recurrences are frequent in HIV-infected subjects. Imiquimod, is a topical immunomodulator successfully used in some human papillomavirus-related oral lesions. However, its use for oral squamous cell papillomas in HIV-infected individuals has never been described. OBSERVATIONS: We report two male adult patients with HIV-infection, B2 and C3 stage respectively, undergoing antiretroviral therapy, with multiple recalcitrant oral squamous cell papillomas, predominantly affecting the masticatory mucosa. These lesions were successfully treated with daily topical imiquimod 5% cream for a few weeks, with only mild and well-tolerated side effects. No recurrences were observed after a follow-up period of over 20 months. CONCLUSIONS: Our cases highlight the value of imiquimod for the non-invasive treatment of multiple persistent oral squamous cell papillomas in two HIV-infected patients.

[Prevalence of chronic pruritus in patients of a tertiary care hospital]. / Prevalencia del prurito crónico en pacientes de un hospital de tercer nivel.

BACKGROUND: Chronic pruritus is occasionally intractable; it has different etiologies and affects life quality. Our objective was to describe the prevalence of pruritus in newly-arrived patients at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán". METHODS: A cross-sectional study was developed in newly-arrived patients. We conducted previous surveys in order to identify those patients with pruritus. With a second survey we inquired their sociodemographic traits, comorbidities, drugs being administered, the characteristics of pruritus, and the impact on the patient's quality of life. RESULTS: Of 554 previous surveys, we identified 70 cases of chronic pruritus. Most of the cases were women in their middle ages (42 years). According to the classification of pruritus, 67.2 % was associated to the underlying disease, 14.8 % was related to dermatologic condition, 3.3 % to pharmacological effects, 4.9 % to other conditions, and 9.8 % was idiopathic. Life quality was not affected in 7 %, was minimally affected in 28 %, and was mild to severe in 26 %. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic pruritus was highly prevalent in the Institute. It was mainly associated with the underlying disease, and affected significantly the quality of life. More studies are needed for better understanding its pathophisiology. Furthermore, new treatments will be available to control pruritus, bringing a better quality to those affected patients.

INTRODUCCIÓN: en ocasiones, el prurito crónico es intratable y afecta la calidad de vida. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir la prevalencia de prurito en pacientes que acudieron a consulta por primera vez al Instituto Nacional de Nutrición y Ciencias Médicas "Salvador Zubirán". MÉTODOS: estudio observacional y transversal. Se realizaron pre-encuestas a pacientes de nuevo ingreso, para identificar a quienes tenían prurito. Se investigaron características sociodemográficas, comorbilidades, fármacos de base, características del prurito y el impacto que tenía en la calidad de vida. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron 554 pre-encuestas, en las cuales se identificaron 70 casos (11 %). El prurito crónico predominó en mujeres; la edad promedio fue de 42 años. Según la clasificación del prurito, 67.2 % estaba relacionado con la enfermedad de base, 14.8 % con enfermedad dermatológica, 3.3 %, con fármacos, 9.8 % era idiopático y 4.9 % se debía a otros motivos. La calidad de vida no se afectó en 7 %, en 28 % los efectos fueron mínimos y en 26 %, de intensidad moderada a severa. CONCLUSIONES: el prurito crónico fue altamente prevalente en el Instituto, se relacionó principalmente con la enfermedad de base y afectó significativamente la calidad de vida. Con el estudio de este padecimiento se dilucidará su etiopatogenia y los tratamientos que permitan controlarlo y brindar mejor calidad de vida de los pacientes afectados.

Formação em Psicologia e oligopolização do ensino superior no Brasil / Training in psychology and the oligopolization of higher education in Brazil / Formación en psicología y oligopolización de la enseñanza superior en Brasil

Objetiva-se situar o cenário atual da organização dos cursos de Psicologia no Brasil frente ao processo de expansão e mercantilização do ensino superior. Metodologicamente realizou-se pesquisa descritiva-exploratória com base nas informações oficiais da educação superior relacionadas aos cursos de Psicologia, além de relatórios financeiros dos grupos educacionais e consultorias especializadas em fundos de investimentos das IES que ofertam cursos de Psicologia. Os resultados indicam o aprofundamento do contexto de mercantilização do ensino superior e a formação de players da educação (grandes oligopólios), que concentram significativas parcelas do mercado. A formação em Psicologia segue a mesma tendência: intensificação do caráter privado e interiorização das agências formadoras, inclusive em localidades de menor porte populacional, além de um considerável percentual (26,25%) de cursos vinculados a grandes grupos educacionais no Brasil.

This article aimed to describe the current scenario of organization of psychology courses in Brazil, considering the process of expansion and mercantilization of higher education. Methodologically, this study was of exploratory-descriptive design, based on official information related to higher education, and on financial reports of educational groups and specialized consultancies in investment funds. Results showed a deepening of the process of mercantilization of higher education and the formation of players in education (great oligopolies), which concentrate a significant share of the market. The training in psychology follows the same tendency: intensification of the private sector and interiorization of the institutions, including smaller regions, it was also observed that a significant percentage (26.25%) of courses are linked with larger educational groups in Brazil.

El objetivo es situar el escenario actual de la organización de los cursos de psicología en Brasil, a través del proceso de expansión y mercantilización de la enseñanza superior. Metodológicamente se llevó a cabo una investigación descriptiva y exploratoria basada en las informaciones oficiales de la educación superior, además de informes financieros de los grupos educacionales y consultores especializados en fondos de inversión. Los resultados indican la profundización del contexto de mercantilización de la enseñanza superior y la formación de players de la educación (grandes oligopolios), que concentran importantes cuotas del mercado. La formación en psicología sigue la misma tendencia: la intensificación del carácter privado y la interiorización de las agencias de formación, incluso en los pueblos más pequeños, además del importante porcentaje (26,25%) de cursos vinculados a los grandes grupos educacionales en Brasil.