Mental Health and Emotional Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemics: Prevalence and Extent in PICU Staff.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of burnout, anxiety and depression symptoms, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in PICU workers in Brazil during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. To compare the results of subgroups stratified by age, gender, professional category, health system, and previous mental health disorders. DESIGN: Multicenter, cross-sectional study using an electronic survey. SETTING: Twenty-nine public and private Brazilian PICUs. SUBJECTS: Multidisciplinary PICU workers. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Self-reported questionnaires were used to measure burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition [PCL-5]) in 1,084 respondents. Subjects were mainly young (37.1 ± 8.4 yr old) and females (85%), with a median workload of 50 hours per week. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 33% and 19%, respectively, whereas PTSD was 13%. The overall median burnout scores were high in the emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment dimensions (16 [interquartile range (IQR), 8-24] and 40 [IQR, 33-44], respectively) whereas low in the depersonalization one (2 [IQR, 0-5]), suggesting a profile of overextended professionals, with a burnout prevalence of 24%. Professionals reporting prior mental health disorders had higher prevalence of burnout (30% vs 22%; p = 0.02), anxiety (51% vs 29%; p < 0.001), and depression symptoms (32.5% vs 15%; p < 0.001), with superior PCL-5 scores for PTSD ( p < 0.001). Public hospital workers presented more burnout (29% vs 18.6%, p < 0.001) and more PTSD levels (14.8% vs 10%, p = 0.03). Younger professionals were also more burned out ( p < 0.05 in all three dimensions). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of mental health disorders in Brazilian PICU workers during the first 2020 peak of COVID-19 was as high as those described in adult ICU workers. Some subgroups, particularly those reporting previous mental disorders and younger professionals, should receive special attention to prevent future crises.

Mielinólise Extrapontina em Adolescente com Diabetes Insípidus Secundário a Disgerminoma do Sistema Nervoso Central: Relato de Caso / Extra-Pontine Myelinolysis in a Patient with Diabetes Insipidus Secondary to Disgerminoma of the Central Nervous System: Case Report / mielinólise Extrapontina en Paciente con diabetes Insípida Secundário a disgerminoma del Sistema Nervioso Central: Relato de Caso

Introdução: a síndrome de desmielinização osmótica é uma condição neurológica rara causada pelo dano à bainha de mielina dos neurônios, com difícil manejo do distúrbio do sódio em paciente com diabetes insípidus. Relato do caso: adolescente do sexo feminino, 14 anos, com diabetes insípidus secundária a disgerminoma do sistema nervoso central, com hiponatremia grave (sódio 103 meq/l). cinco dias após a correção rápida do sódio, apresentou coma (escala de Glasgow:11), disfagia, mutismo e tetraparesia. os achados na ressonância nuclear magnética craniana foram compatíveis com diagnóstico de mielinólise extrapontina. Vinte e cinco dias após a internação no centro de tratamento intensivo, a paciente encontrava-se lúcida, orientada, deambulando sem dificuldade, alimentando-se por via oral, sem engasgos, ainda com discreta diminuição de força nos membros superiores e comunicação verbal pouco lentificada. a ressonância nuclear magnética após três meses mostrou atrofia dos núcleos da base, comprovando lesão celular grave. Conclusão: a desmielinização osmótica pode apresentar-se com formas clínicas leves ou assintomáticas, até sequelas motoras graves e morte. não existe tratamento específico, o que ressalta a importância do diagnóstico precoce e do manejo adequado do distúrbio do sódio, assim como controle rigoroso dos seus níveis séricos.

Introduction: osmotic demyelination syndrome is a rare neurological condition caused by damage to the myelin sheath of neurons, involving difficulty in the management of sodium imbalance in patients with diabetes insipidus. Case report: Patient was a 14-year-old female with diabetes insipidus secondary to dysgerminoma of the central nervous system, with severe hyponatremia (sodium 103 meq/l). Five days after rapid correction of the sodium imbalance, the patient presented coma (Glasgow scale:11), dysphagia, mutism, and quadriparesis. cranial Mri findings were consistent with a diagnosis of extrapontine myelinolysis. twenty-five days after admission to the icu, the patient was alert, oriented, walking without difficulty, eating an oral diet without choking, although with slightly diminished strength in the upper limbs and slightly sluggish verbal communication. Three-month follow-up Mri showed atrophy of the basal nuclei, confirming severe cellular injury. Conclusion: Presentation of osmotic demyelination may range from mild or asymptomatic clinical forms to severe motor sequelae and death. There is no specific treatment, which highlights the importance of early diagnosis and adequate management of the sodium imbalance, as well as rigorous control of serum sodium levels

Introducción: la síndrome de desmielinización osmótica es una condición neurológica rara causada por el daño en lãs vainas de mielina de las neuronas, con difícil manejo del trastorno de los niveles de sódio en los pacientes con diabetes insípida. Relato del caso: adolescente do sexo feminino, 14 anos, com diabetes insípida secundária a disgerminoma del sistema nervioso central, con hiponatriemia grave (sódio103meq/l). cinco días después de la corrección rápida del sódio, presentó coma (escala de Glasgow: 11), disfagia, mutismo y tetraparesia. los hallazgos en la resonancia magnética del cráneo fueron compatibles con diagnosis de mielinólise extra-pontina. Veinticinco días después de la internaciónen el centro de tratamiento intensivo la paciente se encontraba lúcida, orientada, deambulando sin dificultad, alimentándose por vía oral sin atorarse, aúncon discreta disminución de fuerza en los miembros superiores y comunicación verbal poco lentificada. una resonancia nuclear magnética después de tres meses mostró atrofia de los núcleos de la base del cráneo, comprobando lesión celular grave. Conclusión: una síndrome de desmielinización osmótica puede presentarse con formas clínicas ligeras o asintomáticas, hasta secuelas motoras graves y muerte. no existe tratamiento específico, lo que resaltala importancia del diagnóstico precoz y del manejo adecuado del disturbio del sodio, así como control riguroso de sus niveles séricos