Auricularia auricula Anionic Polysaccharide Nanoparticles for Gastrointestinal Delivery of Pinus koraiensis Polyphenol Used in Bone Protection under Weightlessness.

Auricularia auricula polysaccharides used in Pinus koraiensis polyphenol encapsulation and delivery under weightlessness are rarely reported. In this study, an anionic polysaccharide fragment named AAP Iα with a molecular weight of 133.304 kDa was isolated and purified to construct a polyphenol encapsulation system. Nanoparticles named NPs-PP loaded with a rough surface for Pinus koraiensis polyphenol (PP) delivery were fabricated by AAP Iα and ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL). SEM and the DLS tracking method were used to observe continuous changes in AAP Iα, ε-PL and PP on the nanoparticles' rough surface assembly, as well as the dispersion and stability. Hydrophilic, monodisperse and highly negative charged nanoparticles can be formed at AAP Iα 0.8 mg/mL, ε-PL 20 µg/mL and PP 80 µg/mL. FT-IR was used to determine their electrostatic interactions. Release kinetic studies showed that nanoparticles had an ideal gastrointestinal delivery effect. NPs-PP loaded were assembled through electrostatic interactions between polyelectrolytes after hydrogen bonding formation in PP-AAP Iα and PP-ε-PL, respectively. Colon adhesion properties and PP delivery in vivo of nanoparticles showed that NPs-PP loaded had high adhesion efficiency to the colonic mucosa under simulated microgravity and could enhance PP bioavailability. These results suggest that AAP Iα can be used in PP encapsulation and delivery under microgravity in astronaut food additives.

The chloroplast genome of Sonneratia ovata: genome structure and comparative analysis.

Sonneratia ovata is one of the most widely distributed mangrove species worldwide. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of S. ovata was sequenced and assembled; its phylogenetic position was confirmed in Lythraceae. The total size of cp genome was 153,052 bp, exhibiting a typical quadripartite structure with a large single copy (LSC) region of 87,238 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,002 bp, two inverted repeats (IRs) regions of 23,906 bp each. The overall GC content was 37.3%, respectively. We detected 128 genes in cp genome, including 84 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. A phylogenetic analysis showed that S. ovata has a close relationship with S. apetala within the genus Sonneratia.