Analysis between macrophage-related genes with prognosis and tumor microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly morbid and fatal disease that exhibits individualized differences in prognosis and drug efficacy. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism of the occurrence and progression of lung cancer can improve early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Macrophages are a crucial component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) due to their high plasticity and heterogeneity. They play a multifaceted role in tumor initiation and progression. In order to elucidate the pathogenesis of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) related genes in NSCLC, transcriptomic sequencing, univariate COX regression, LASSO regression and multivariate COX regression analyses were conducted to identify the 11 genes that have the most significant association with prognosis. These genes include FCRLA, LDHA, LMOD3, MAP3K8, NT5E, PDGFB, S100P, SFXN1, TDRD1, TFAP2A and TUBB6. The risk score (RS) was computed, and all samples were split into high- and low-risk groups based on the median RS. The correlation of RS and 11 genes with macrophages was verified by the CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm. These above results suggest that the risk score developed in this study can be utilized for predicting patients' prognosis and evaluating their immune infiltration status. This study can serve as a guide for subsequent tumor immunotherapy and gene targeting therapy.

Chiral proton-transfer shuttle catalysts for carbene insertion reactions.

Transition metal-catalyzed carbene insertion into X-H bonds (X = N, O, S, and C) represents a typical carbene transfer reaction and has been widely used in organic synthesis. The enantioselectivity-determining step in some of these insertion reactions is the proton transfer of active intermediates such as ylides, metal enolates, or free enols. Since most of the traditional chiral transition metal catalysts tend to dissociate from these active intermediates and cannot be involved in the proton-transfer step, enantiocontrol of these insertion reactions has long been a challenging task. Since 2011, we have developed chiral spiro phosphoric acids as chiral proton-transfer shuttle (CPTS) catalysts, which have been proven to be efficient catalysts for the proton transfer of active intermediates in carbene insertion reactions. Upon combining with achiral dirhodium catalysts, the CPTS catalysts accomplish highly enantioselective insertions of N-H, S-H, and C-H bonds. Herein, a number of important chiral building blocks, including α-amino acid derivatives, α-amino ketones, α-thioesters, and α,α-diaryl acetates, were prepared with high yields and high enantioselectivities through these insertion reactions.

[Clinical characteristics of clonal evolution after immunosuppressive therapy in children with severe/very severe aplastic anemia].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of clonal evolution after immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in children with severe/very severe aplastic anemia (SAA/VSAA). METHODS: The clinical data of 231 children with newly-diagnosed SAA/VSAA who received IST were retrospectively studied. The incidence and risk factors of clonal evolution after IST were analyzed. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate of the 231 patients was 82.7%. Except for 18 cases of early deaths, 213 patients were evaluated for IST efficacy. Among the 231 patients, cytogenetic abnormalities for at least two chromosome metaphase were detectable in 14 (7.4%) patients, and PNH clones were detectable in either peripheral red blood cells or neutrophils for 95 patients. Among the 213 patients evaluated for IST efficacy, 15 patients experienced clonal evolution after IST. Five patients had PNH and trisomy 8 which were defined as favorable progressions, and ten patients experienced monosomy 7 and MDS/AML as unfavorable progressions. The 5-year accumulative incidence of favorable and unfavorable progression were (2.2±2.2)% and (4.8±3.3)%, respectively. Until the last follow-up, 100% (5/5) of patients with favorable progressions and 50% (5/10) of patients with unfavorable progressions survived. WBC>3.5×109/L, CD3+T cell percentage>80%, dosage of antithymocyte globulin >3.0 mg/(kg·d) and no response to IST were related to unfavorable progressions by univariate analysis. Cox multivariate analysis revealed that an increased CD3+T cell percentage (>80%) and no response to IST were independent risk factors for unfavorable progressions. CONCLUSIONS: The children with SAA/VSAA who have an increased CD3+T cell percentage at diagnosis or have no response to IST are in high risks of unfavorable progressions.

Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Discrete Organoplatinum(II) Metallacycles with Polysaccharide via Electrostatic Interactions and Their Application for Heparin Detection.

In recent past years, investigation of hierarchical self-assembly for constructing artificial functional materials has attracted considerable attention. Discrete metallacycles based on coordination bonds have proven to be valid scaffolds to fabricate various supramolecular polymers or smart soft matter through hierarchical self-assembly. Here, we present the first example of the hierarchical self-assembly of discrete metallacycles by taking advantage of the positive charges of the organoplatinum(II) metallacycle skeleton through multiple electrostatic interactions. Heparin, a sulfated glycosaminoglycan polymer that has been widely used as an anticoagulant drug, was selected to induce hierarchical self-assembly because of the existence of multiple negative charges. To investigate the hierarchical self-assembly process, an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active moiety, tetra-phenylethylene (TPE), was introduced onto the metallacycle via coordination-driven self-assembly. Photophysical studies revealed that the addition of heparin to the tris-TPE metallacycles solution resulted in dramatic fluorescence enhancement, which supported the aggregation between metallacycle and heparin driven by multiple electrostatic interactions. Moreover, the entangled pearl-necklace networks were obtained through hierarchical self-assembly as detected by SEM, TEM, and LSCM experiments. In particular, single bead-like chains were observed in the AFM and TEM images, which provided direct, visual evidence for the aggregation of positively charged metallacycles and negatively charged heparin. More interestingly, further optical study demonstrated that this TPE-decorated metallacycle could function as a turn-on fluorescent probe for heparin detection with high sensitivity and selectivity. Thus, this research presents the first example of counter polyanion-induced hierarchical self-assembly of discrete metallacycles and provides a "proof-of-principle" method for heparin sensing and binding.

Discrete stimuli-responsive multirotaxanes with supramolecular cores constructed through a modular approach.

The synthesis of discrete multirotaxanes with well-defined structures remains a great challenge. Herein, we present the successful construction of diverse discrete multirotaxanes with well-defined supramolecular metallacycles as cores by a modular approach. Moreover, these novel multirotaxanes featured a stimuli-responsive property that enabled the introduction and removal of the bromide anion by taking advantage of dynamic nature of the supramolecular metallacycle scaffold. Through the combination of rotaxane-containing prefunctionalized building blocks with the corresponding different organoplatinum(II) acceptor building blocks (60, 120, or 180°), diverse discrete multirotaxanes with well-defined metallacycles (rhomboid or hexagon) as cores as well as certain numbers of rotaxane units were successfully obtained quantitatively by means of coordination-driven self-assembly. Furthermore, owing to the existence of a dynamic metallacycle as the supramolecular cores, the resultant multirotaxanes showed anion-induced disassembly and reassembly properties, which allowed for the reversible transformation between multirotaxanes and the corresponding individual rotaxane-containing building blocks. Therefore, this research not only enriches the family of discrete multirotaxanes, but also provides a novel strategy for the construction of "smart" stimuli-responsive multirotaxane systems.

[Clinical features of childhood refractory cytopenia].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features of patients with refractory cytopenia of childhood (RCC). METHODS: The clinical data of 1 420 children (0-14 years old) with an initial diagnosis of non-severe aplastic anemia between January 1990 and June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Bone marrow cell morphology and histopathology were re-evaluated, and the patients were re-classified using the criteria proposed in the 2008 edition of the World Health Organization classification of RCC in hematopoietic and lymphoid tumor tissues. The clinical outcomes were followed up every 3-6 months. RESULTS: Among all the 1 420 cases, 152 (10.7%) were reassessed as RCC. Patients with RCC had a lower level of hemoglobin and a higher percentage of fetal hemoglobin than those with non-severe aplastic anemia. Of the patients with RCC, 21.5% showed abnormal karyotypes at diagnosis. The median follow-up period for all patients was 36 months (ranging from 1 to 283 months). The rates of complete response, partial response, and no response to cyclosporine and androgen treatment in RCC patients were 19.0%, 26.7%, and 54.3%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year prospective overall survival rates of RCC patients were 87.9% and 72.4%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year prospective clonal evolution rates were 15.3% and 20.0%, respectively. The 2-year prospective incidence of newly diagnosed karyotype abnormality after the initial diagnosis was 3.6%. The 5- and 10-year prospective leukemia transformation rates were 10.0% and 20.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: RCC shows clinical features similar to adult myelodysplastic syndrome. Children with RCC have a poor prognosis, an increased risk of transformation to leukemia, and a low response rate to cyclosporine treatment.

Asymmetric alkynylation of seven-membered cyclic imines by combining chiral phosphoric acids and Ag(I) catalysts: synthesis of 11-substituted-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine derivatives.

Asymmetric alkynylation of seven-membered cyclic imine dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines is successfully achieved by combining chiral phosphoric acid and Ag(I) catalysts. Various arylacetylenes, conjugated enynes, and terminal 1,3-diynes are good substrates for this reaction, and aliphatic hexyne is also a suitable donor at elevated temperature. Optimization of this approach has provided a facile method to synthesize optically active 11-substituted-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine derivatives containing a carbon-carbon triple bond with 63-99% ee. Subsequent transformations of the carbon-carbon triple bond for the heterocyclic products have been disclosed.

A highly enantioselective and regioselective organocatalytic direct Mannich reaction of methyl alkyl ketones with cyclic imines benzo[e][1,2,3]oxathiazine 2,2-dioxides.

A highly enantioselective direct Mannich reaction of methyl alkyl ketones with cyclic imines benzo[e][1,2,3]oxathiazine 2,2-dioxides, catalyzed by the combination of cinchona alkaloid derived primary amine and TFA, is disclosed. For unsymmetrical methyl alkyl ketones, it is favoured that specific regioselective addition to the imine substrates occurs at the less-substituted methyl group by steric control.

[Research progress in molecular biology of pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome].

Marked differences have been found in molecular characteristics between pediatric and adult myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. The incidence of gene mutations associated with myeloid malignances in pediatric patients is lower than in adults, while the incidence of aberrant methylation is similar between them. It is also worth noting that novel molecular factors such as mitochondrial DNA mutations may play a role in the pathogenesis of childhood MDS. This article summarizes research advances in molecular biology of pediatric MDS.

Structural characteristics of cell wall pectic polysaccharides from wampee and their decreased binding with pectinase by wampee polyphenol.

To investigate the structural characteristics of cell wall pectic polysaccharides from wampee, water soluble pectin (WSP), chelator-soluble pectin (CSP) and sodium carbonate-soluble pectin (SSP) were purified. And the inhibitory effects of wampee polyphenol (WPP) on pectinase when these cell wall pectic polysaccharides were used as substrates were also explored. Purified WSP (namely PWSP) had the lowest molecular weight (8.47 × 105 Da) and the highest GalA content (33.43%). While purified CSP (called PCSP) and SSP contained more abundant rhamnogalacturonan I side chains. All of them were low-methoxy pectin (DE < 50%). Enzyme activity and kinetics analysis showed that the inhibition of pectinase by wampee polyphenol was reversible and mixed type. When SSP was used as the substrate, WPP had the strongest inhibition (IC50 = 1.96 ± 0.06 mg/mL) on pectinase. Fluorescence quenching results indicated that WPP inhibited enzyme activity by interacting with substrates and enzymes. Therefore, WPP has the application potential in controlling softening of fruits and vegetables.

Silver-Promoted Three-Component Synthesis of Perfluoroalkenyl Pyrroles through Partial Defluorinative Functionalization of Perfluoroalkyl Halides.

A silver-promoted three-component heterocyclization of alkynes, perfluoroalkyl halides, and 1,3-dinucleophiles was developed for the efficient synthesis of privileged (E)-perfluoroalkenyl pyrroles. The reaction proceeded through a rationally designed sequence of radical perfluoroalkylation and intramolecular defluorinative [3 + 2]-heterocyclization. The utility of perfluoroalkyl halide as a perfluoroalkenyl reagent, by selective and controllable functionalization of two inert C(sp3)-F bonds at vicinal carbon centers on the perfluoroalkyl chain, provides a new reaction mode for the synthesis of value-added organofluorides starting from the easily available and low-cost fluorinated feedstock.

Regulation effect of magnetic field combined with low temperature storage on postharvest quality and cell wall pectic-polysaccharide degradation of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels.

This study investigated the regulation effect of magnetic field combined with low temperature storage on postharvest quality and cell wall pectic-polysaccharide degradation of wampee stored for 15 d at 4 °C and 15 °C. Results showed that magnetic field combined with low temperature storage reduced browning rate of fruit after 15 d storage, but its effect on weight loss rate and total soluble solids (TSS) did not surpass that of storage temperature. Interestingly, contents of flavonoid, total phenols and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also lowered at varying degrees by combined treatment. Furthermore, molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions of cell wall pectic-polysaccharides were also affected, which resulted from the coordinated action of cell wall pectin-degrading enzymes. The activities of these enzymes during storage, including polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methylesterase (PME) and ß-galactosidase (ß-Gal) in treated wampee decreased. These findings suggested that magnetic field combined with low temperature storage was an effective technology and had great potential in preservation of postharvest wampee in future.

Combining (CH2O)n and (NH4)2CO3 as a Formamidine Equivalent for "Four-in-One" Synthesis of Fluoroalkylated 2-H-Pyrimidines.

Multicomponent reactions hold the potential to maximize the synthetic efficiency in the preparation of diverse and complex molecular scaffolds. An unprecedented formal [3+1+1+1] annulation approach for the one-step synthesis of fluoroalkylated 2-H-pyrimidines commencing from perfluoroalkyl alkenes, paraformaldehyde, and ammonium carbonate is described. By harnessing readily accessible (CH2O)n and cheap (NH4)2CO3 as a formamidine surrogate, this method effectively replaces traditionally preformed amidines with a pyrimidine assembly. The multicomponent reaction proceeds in a step-economical, operationally simple, metal-free, and additive-free manner, featuring a broad substrate scope, excellent functional group compatibility, and scalability. The potential for the synthetic elaboration of the obtained 2-H-pyrimidine is further demonstrated in the alkylation and vinylation of its C2 position.

Early Detection of Molecular Residual Disease and Risk Stratification for Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia via Circulating Tumor DNA.

PURPOSE: Patient-tailored minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring based on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing of leukemia-specific mutations enables early detection of relapse for pre-emptive treatment, but its utilization in pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is scarce. Thus, we aim to examine the role of ctDNA as a prognostic biomarker in monitoring response to the treatment of pediatric AML. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal study with 50 children with AML was launched, and sequential bone marrow (BM) and matched plasma samples were collected. The concordance of mutations by next-generation sequencing-based BM-DNA and ctDNA was evaluated. In addition, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated. RESULTS: In 195 sample pairs from 50 patients, the concordance of leukemia-specific mutations between ctDNA and BM-DNA was 92.8%. Patients with undetectable ctDNA were linked to improved OS and PFS versus detectable ctDNA in the last sampling (both P < 0.001). Patients who cleared their ctDNA post three cycles of treatment had similar PFS compared with persistently negative ctDNA (P = 0.728). In addition, patients with >3 log reduction but without clearance in ctDNA were associated with an improved PFS as were patients with ctDNA clearance (P = 0.564). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, ctDNA-based MRD monitoring appears to be a promising option to complement the overall assessment of pediatric patients with AML, wherein patients with continuous ctDNA negativity have the option for treatment de-escalation in subsequent therapy. Importantly, patients with >3 log reduction but without clearance in ctDNA may not require an aggressive treatment plan due to improved survival, but this needs further study to delineate.

Immune characteristics of different immune phases in natural course of chronic HBV infection.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection course is divided into 4 immune phases which were mainly characterized by clinical markers. We investigated the immune markers, especially inhibitory receptors, cytokine and chemokine expressions among the immune phases especially between immune tolerance (IT) phase and immune control (IC) phase. METHODOLOGY: Blood and serum samples of 64 patients and serum samples of 22 healthy controls were obtained. We used flow cytometric methods for measurements of PD-1, PD-L1 and flow fluorescence immunoassay for the serum cytokines and chemokines concentrations. IL-27 was measured by ELISA and the receptor IL-27R was detected too. RESULTS: The proportions of PD1 positive cells in CD4+, CD4+CD45RO+, and CD8+ T-cell subsets in IC phase were greater than in IC phase. The frequencies of PD1 expressions in CD8+pentamer+ and CD8+CD45RA-pentamer+ T cells were higher in IC phase than in IT and ICC phases. The serum concentration of IL-27 in IT group was higher than in IC, ICC and HC groups. Concentrations of cytokines TNF-α and IL-10 and chemokines RANTES, IL-8 and IP-10 were higher in HBV infected patients. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of percentages of PD-1 positive cells may contribute to estimate entering the IC phase and decide the opportune moment to start antivirus therapy.

Performance and degradation mechanism of phycocyanin by Cu-TiO2 photocatalytic treatment.

The efficiency, transformation products, and mechanism of phycocyanin removal from water by simulated sunlight/Cu-decorated TiO2 photocatalyst treatment were studied. After 360 min of photocatalytic degradation, the removal rate of PC was higher than 96%, about 47% of DON was oxidized into NH4+-N, NO3- and NO2-. ·OH was the main active species in the photocatalytic system, which contributes about 55.7% to PC degradation efficiency, H+ and ·O2- also contributed to the photocatalytic activity. The degradation process of phycocyanin is firstly caused by the attack of free radicals, which leads to the disintegration of the chromophore group PCB and the apoprotein, and then apoprotein peptide chain was broken to generate small molecule dipeptides, amino acids, and their derivatives. Amino acid residues sensitive to free radical action in phycocyanin peptide chain include most hydrophobic amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine, proline, valine, phenylalanine, and some hydrophilic amino acids which are easily oxidized such as lysine and arginine. Small molecular peptides (dipeptides), amino acids, and their derivatives are broken off and released into water bodies for further reaction and degradation into smaller molecular weight substances. During this process, part of organic nitrogen was transferred to inorganic nitrogen. When photocatalytic oxidation lasts for 300 min, NH4+ increases from 0.41 mg/L to 2.21 mg/L, and DON removal rate reaches 47%. The Cu-TiO2 photocatalyst was found to decrease the CHCl3 formation potential; however, it exacerbated the production of dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm) and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) beyond their initial levels. The divergent trends of these disinfection by-products are due to the fundamental differences in the precursor material.

Low vitamin D and uric acid status in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

PURPOSE: Growing evidence reported that vitamin D and uric acid metabolism played roles in the occurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, an otoconia-related vestibular disorder. We aimed to investigate the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and uric acid in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and to determine the risk factor for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. METHODS: This case-control study comprised 182 patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and 182 age- and gender-matched controls. All subjects' age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), uric acid and serum calcium measurements were analyzed. RESULTS: We found a female preponderance of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo patients, with a median of 60 (52-66) years old. The results showed low vitamin D status both in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and controls, with no significant difference of 25(OH)D levels between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo patients and controls (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and a lower prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency (P < 0.05). Uric acid was significantly lower in the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo groups (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age and uric acid were considered higher risk predictors for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. CONCLUSION: Our study observed low vitamin D status in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, with no significant differences of the 25(OH)D level in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and controls. Elderly, vitamin D deficiency and low uric acid levels may be risk factors for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo occurrence.

Regulation mechanism of magnetic field on pectinase and its preliminary application in postharvest sapodilla (Manilkara zapota).

In this study, regulation mechanism of magnetic field on pectinase was investigated and it was preliminarily applied in postharvest sapodilla. Results indicated pectinase activity decreased by 44 % when treated by magnetic field (3 mT, 0.5 h) with kinetic parameters Vmax/Km decreasing from 0.799 to 0.366 min. The optimal temperature (48 °C) and pH (4.8) of pectinase was not altered by magnetic field but Ca2+ at 0.05 mol/L strengthened its regulation effect. Ultraviolet and fluorescence spectra suggested tyrosine and tryptophan residues in treated pectinase became more hydrophobic while opposite in phenylalanine. CO, CNH, COO- groups in pectinase were also influenced, resulting in decreased ß-sheet (from 53 % to 49 %), increased random coil (from 20 % to 22 %) and ß-turn content (from 27 % to 29 %). More importantly, the firmness of treated sapodilla remained 45 % of maximum at 12 days' storage. Our findings provided new insights to illustrate the role of magnetic field in fruit preservation.

High risk of bloodstream infection of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae carriers in neutropenic children with hematological diseases.

BACKGROUND: Neutropenic children with hematological diseases were associated with higher morbidity of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) blood-stream infection (BSI) or colonization. But it was still murky regarding clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility, and outcomes of CRE-BSI in these patients. We aimed to identify the potential risk factors for subsequent bacteremia and clinical outcome caused by CRE-BSI. METHODS: Between 2008 and 2020, 2,465 consecutive neutropenic children were enrolled. The incidence and characteristics of CRE-BSI were explored in CRE-colonizers versus non-colonizers. Survival analysis was performed and risk factors for CRE-BSI and 30-day mortality were evaluated. RESULTS: CRE-carriers were identified in 59/2465 (2.39%) neutropenic children and19/59 (32.2%) developed CRE-BSI, while 12/2406 (0.5%) of non-carriers developed CRE-BSI (P < 0.001). The 30-day survival probability was significantly lower in patients with CRE-BSI than in non-BSI (73.9% vs. 94.9%, P = 0.050). Moreover, the 30-day survival probability of patients with CRE-BSI was also poorer in CRE-carriers versus non-carriers (49.7% vs. 91.7%, P = 0.048). Tigecycline and amikacin exhibited satisfactory antimicrobial activity against all isolated strains. Fluoroquinolone sensitivity was lower in E. coli (26.3%) strains versus satisfactory susceptibility of E. cloacae and other CRE-strains (91.2%). CRE-BSI accompanying intestinal mucosal damage were independent risk factors for 30-day survival probability (both P < 0.05), while combined antibiotic therapy and longer duration of neutropenia were more prone to developed CRE-BSI (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CRE-colonizers were prone to subsequent BSI and CRE-BSI was regarded as an independent predictor predisposing to high mortality in neutropenic children. Moreover, individualized antimicrobial therapy should be adopted due to different features of patients with separate CRE strains.

Perillaldehyde improves diabetic cardiomyopathy by upregulating miR-133a-3p to regulate GSK-3ß.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is part of the most important causes of death from cardiovascular disease. Perillaldehyde (PAE), a major component of the herb perilla, has been shown to ameliorate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, but it is unclear whether PAE exerts beneficial effects on DCM. Exploring the potential molecular mechanisms of PAE for the treatment of DCM through network pharmacology and molecular docking. The SD rat type 1 diabetes model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg), the cardiac function indexes of each group were detected by echocardiography; the morphological changes, apoptosis, protein expression of P-GSK-3ß (S9), collagen I (Col-Ⅰ), collagen III (Col-Ⅲ) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and miR-133a-3p expression levels were detected. An DCM model of H9c2 cells was established in vitro and transfected with Mimic and Inhibitor of miR-133a-3p. The results showed that PAE ameliorated cardiac dysfunction, reduced fasting glucose and cardiac weight index, and improved myocardial injury and apoptosis in DCM rats. It reduced high glucose-induced apoptosis, promoted migration and improved mitochondrial division injury in H9c2 cells. PAE decreased P-GSK-3ß (S9), Col-Ⅰ, Col-Ⅲ and α-SMA protein expression and upregulated miR-133a-3p expression levels. After miR-133a-3p Inhibitor treatment, the expression of P-GSK-3ß (S9) and α-SMA expression were significantly increased; after miR-133a-3p Mimic treatment, the expression of P-GSK-3ß (S9) and α-SMA decreased significantly in H9c2 cells. It suggests that the mechanism of action of PAE to improve DCM may be related to the upregulation of miR-133a-3p and inhibition of P-GSK-3ß expression.