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BACKGROUND: Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is one of the oldest known edible fruit. Recently, there has been an increased interest in this fruit as a functional food for health benefits due to its use in disease prevention and promotion of overall health wellness. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the effects of pomegranate extract for the development of non-opioid substitution therapy for in-vitro and in-vivo studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anthocyanin contents consisting of cyanidin 3-glucoside, diglucoside, and pelargonidin 3-glucoside, diglucoside were detected and quantified in pomegranate extract using high-performance liquid chromatography. The optimum dosage of the extract was determined based on the regulation of MORs and cAMP proteins in U-87 cells. Co-treatment of the extract with morphine was performed to evaluate its potency in reducing the concentration levels of MORs and cAMP. For animal studies, rats were divided into two major groups representing both acute and chronic morphine-induced treatments and the Morris water maze (MWM) study was employed after treatment for each rat. The rats were sacrificed after the treatments and serum samples were collected to evaluate the levels of CREB and BDNF. RESULTS: The results indicated that each of the anthocyanin content tested in the study was present in the pomegranate extract. Additionally, in-vitro studies using pomegranate extract treatment showed that the extract was effective in decreasing the MORs and cAMP protein levels in U-87 cells at a concentration of 0.125 mg/mL. The memory impairment based on the MWM study in rats was also subsequently improved after treatment with pomegranate extract as compared to treatment with morphine. The blood serum derived from the rats treated with pomegranate extract also showed a significant decrease in CREB level and an increase in BDNF as compared to rats treated with morphine. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study substantiates the potency of pomegranate extract as a non-opioid substitution therapy for in-vitro and in-vivo studies.
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Aims: To investigate the cytotoxic properties of different polarity solvents of Polygonum minusextracts towards colon cancer cell lines, HT-29, HCT-116 and CT-26.Study Design:Experimental study. Place andDuration of Study:Central Laboratory, Tissue Culture Laboratory, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu between September 2019 until December 2019.Methodology:The different polarity solvents of P. minusextracts had been led to tetrazolium salt reduction (MTT) assay and an inhibition concentration of 50 (IC50) value for their cytotoxic potential against colon cancer cells. Then, cell morphology observation and fluorescence double staining of treatment cells were determined using a light inverted microscope and acridine orange/propidium iodide staining.Results:The results indicated that an extraction yields aligned from 0.01% for acetone and ethyl acetate to 0.45% for aqueous solution with decreasing order of aqueous solution > 70% aqueous ethanol > 50% aqueous ethanol > methanol > ethanol > acetone and ethyl acetate. Meanwhile, the ethyl acetate extract showed a higher cytotoxic effect at IC50values of 7.00 ± 0.06 μg/mL and 7.00 ± 0.30 μg/mL towards the HCT-116 and CT-26 cells; and 50% aqueous ethanol towards HT-29 cells (24.00 ± 0.01 μg/mL). The different solvent extracts of P. minusinduced cytotoxic effects on the treated cell lines by altering their normal cell morphology and cell membrane integrity (except for acetone extract). Conclusion:Therefore, the use of different polarity solvent extracts of P. minusas an anti-cancer agent is promising more on ethyl acetate and warrants further investigation
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Aims: To examine the anti-proliferative properties of different extracts of new variety an organic rice MRQ74 towards colon cancer cells: in-vitrostudy.Study Design:Experimental study. Place and Duration of Study:Central Laboratory, Tissue Culture Laboratory, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu from November 2019 until February 2020.Methodology:The organic rice MRQ74 extracts had been led to tetrazolium salt reduction (MTT) assay and an inhibition concentration of 50 (IC50) value for their cytotoxic potential against colon cancer cells. Meanwhile, cells morphology observation and fluorescence double staining of treatment cells were determined using a light inverted microscope and acridine orange/propidium iodide staining.Results:Results showed that 50% aqueous ethanol of rice grains gave the lowest IC50values towards HCT-116 and CT-26 cell lines, while an aqueous solution of rice grains gave the lowest C50values towards HT-29 cells (p<0.05). Thoroughly, the treated colon cancer cells had shown morphological alterations after treated with different solvent extracts of an organic rice MRQ74.Conclusion:The outcomes had observed preliminary results on cancer study for better health by inspiring the consumption of an organic rice MRQ74 and future product development