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1.
Molecules ; 29(14)2024 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39064902

RESUMO

Boric acid, H3BO3, is a molecular solid made up of layers held together by weak van der Waals forces. It can be considered a pseudo "2D" material, like graphite, compared to graphene. The key distinction is that within each individual layer, the molecular units are connected not only by strong covalent bonds but also by hydrogen bonds. Therefore, classic liquid exfoliation is not suitable for this material, and a specific method needs to be developed. Preliminary results of exfoliation of boric acid particles by combination of ultrasound and the use of surfactants are presented. Ultrasound provides the system with the energy needed for the process, and the surfactant can act to keep the crystalline flakes apart. A system consisting of a saturated solution and large excess solid residue of boric acid was treated in this way for a few hours at 40 °C in the presence of various sodium stearate, proving to be very promising, and an incipient exfoliation was achieved.

2.
Sensors (Basel) ; 23(10)2023 May 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37430844

RESUMO

Halide perovskites are a novel class of semiconductors that have attracted great interest in recent decades due to their peculiar properties of interest for optoelectronics. In fact, their use ranges from the field of sensors and light emitters to ionizing radiation detectors. Since 2015, ionizing radiation detectors exploiting perovskite films as active media have been developed. Recently, it has also been demonstrated that such devices can be suitable for medical and diagnostic applications. This review collects most of the recent and innovative publications regarding solid-state devices for the detection of X-rays, neutrons, and protons based on perovskite thin and thick films in order to show that this type of material can be used to design a new generation of devices and sensors. Thin and thick films of halide perovskites are indeed excellent candidates for low-cost and large-area device applications, where the film morphology allows the implementation on flexible devices, which is a cutting-edge topic in the sensor sector.

3.
Molecules ; 28(5)2023 Feb 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36903336

RESUMO

99mTc-based radiopharmaceuticals are the most commonly used medical radioactive tracers in nuclear medicine for diagnostic imaging. Due to the expected global shortage of 99Mo, the parent radionuclide from which 99mTc is produced, new production methods should be developed. The SORGENTINA-RF (SRF) project aims at developing a prototypical medium-intensity D-T 14-MeV fusion neutron source specifically designed for production of medical radioisotopes with a focus on 99Mo. The scope of this work was to develop an efficient, cost-effective and green procedure for dissolution of solid molybdenum in hydrogen peroxide solutions compatible for 99mTc production via the SRF neutron source. The dissolution process was extensively studied for two different target geometries: pellets and powder. The first showed better characteristics and properties for the dissolution procedure, and up to 100 g of pellets were successfully dissolved in 250-280 min. The dissolution mechanism on the pellets was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. After the procedure, sodium molybdate crystals were characterized via X-ray diffraction, Raman and infrared spectroscopy and the high purity of the compound was established by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. The study confirmed the feasibility of the procedure for production of 99mTc in SRF as it is very cost-effective, with minimal consumption of peroxide and controlled low temperature.

4.
Molecules ; 28(18)2023 Sep 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37764377

RESUMO

Na2MoO4 and Na2WO4 are isostructural semiconductors, belonging to the spinel class. They have interesting properties and find applications in numerous sectors. These properties can be tuned by controlling the composition of their solid solutions. Here, different methods to obtain these compounds are presented, both wet and solid-state synthesis. The obtained results show a possible dependence of the material properties on the chosen synthesis method. The pure compounds and their mixtures were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction.

5.
Environ Monit Assess ; 195(6): 781, 2023 May 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37256436

RESUMO

The Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region (north of Italy) is characterized by the presence of high-quality freshwater resources which benefit local citizens, animals, environmental habitats, and also agriculture and production activities. Waters from wells, canal, and wastewater selected in the Fiume Veneto area, through a detailed lithological modeling, were sampled and analyzed to characterize them from a geochemical point of view. The chemical and isotopic characterization made it possible to establish provenance, and the average age of water used, making available the estimation of the relationships between recharge capacity and water use in the Fiume Vento area. The focus of this study is to define the average age of the resources based on the time required for the recharge contributions to compensate the losses induced by exploitation. The results made it possible to support the plans for a water balance using the provenance and average age of water sources for the protection of water reserves formed by the multi-aquifer system of the high and medium Friuli plain. The methodology applied has followed the legislation of the water directive considering the overexploitation due to unauthorized withdrawals of the sampling area.


Assuntos
Água Subterrânea , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Água Subterrânea/química , Águas Residuárias , Água
6.
J Cell Physiol ; 232(1): 69-77, 2017 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27363538

RESUMO

Obesity is characterized by a disruption in energy balance regulation that results in an excess accumulation of body fat. Its increasing prevalence poses a major public health concern because it is a risk factor for a host of additional chronic conditions, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Obesity is increasingly recognized as a growing cause of cancer risk. In particular excessive adipose expansion during obesity causes adipose dysfunction and inflammation that can regulate tumor growth. In obesity, dysregulated systemic metabolism and inflammation induce hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and enhance sex hormone production with increased secretion of proinflammatory adipokine that impact breast cancer development and progression. This review describes how adipose inflammation that characterizes obesity is responsible of microenvironment to promote cancer, and discuss how steroid hormones, that are essential for the maintenance of the normal development, growth and differentiation of the cells, influence the induction and progression of breast cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 69-77, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Animais , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Humanos , Obesidade/complicações
7.
Microbiology (Reading) ; 163(5): 654-663, 2017 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28535856

RESUMO

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent infection of the genital tract in women worldwide. C. trachomatis has a tendency to cause persistent infection and induce a state of chronic inflammation, which has been reported to play a role in carcinogenesis. We report that persistent C. trachomatis infection increases the expression of inflammatory tumour cytokines and upregulates molecular biomarkers such as podoplanin, Wilms' tumour gene 1 and osteopontin in primary cultures of mesothelial cells (Mes1) and human mesothelioma cells (NCI). Infection experiments showed that Mes1 and NCI supported the growth of C. trachomatisin vitro, and at an m.o.i. of 4, the inclusion-forming units/cell showed many intracellular inclusion bodies after 3 days of infection. However, after 7 days of incubation, increased proliferative and invasive activity was also observed in Mes1 cells, which was more evident after 14 days of incubation. ELISA analysis revealed an increase in vascular endothelial growth factor, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α release in Mes1 cells infected for a longer period (14 days). Finally, real-time PCR analysis revealed a strong induction of podoplanin, Wilms' tumour gene 1 and osteopontin gene expression in infected Mes1 cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inflammatory response elicited by C. trachomatis persistent infection and the role played by inflammation in cell proliferation, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and molecular biomarkers of cancer. The results of this study suggest that increased molecular biomarkers of cancer by persistent inflammation from C. trachomatis infection might support cellular transformation, thus increasing the risk of cancer.


Assuntos
Chlamydia trachomatis/imunologia , Citocinas/biossíntese , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/biossíntese , Mesotelioma/patologia , Proteínas Nucleares/biossíntese , Osteopontina/biossíntese , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/microbiologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/patologia , Epitélio/metabolismo , Células HeLa , Humanos , Inflamação/imunologia , Invasividade Neoplásica/patologia , Fatores de Processamento de RNA
8.
New Microbiol ; 39(3): 216-223, 2016 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27284984

RESUMO

Malassezia pachydermatis is a yeast belonging to the microbiota of the skin and mucous membranes of dog and cat, but it can also act as pathogen, causing dermatitis. The aim of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of M. pachydermatis strains isolated from symptomatic dogs and cats and determine a correlation between genotype and phenotype. For this purpose eleven strains of M. pachydermatis were molecularly classified by nested-polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) based on ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions, specific for fungal rRNA genes. Furthermore, random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was applied for genetic typing of M. pachydermatis isolates identifying four different genotypes. Strains belonging to genotype 1 produced the highest amount of biofilm and phospholipase activity. The inflammatory response induced by M. pachydermatis strains in immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCat cells) was significantly different when we compared the results obtained from each strain. In particular, HaCat cells infected with the strains belonging to genotypes 1 and 2 triggered the highest levels of increase in TLR-2, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, COX-2 and MMP-9 expression. By contrast, cells infected with the strains of genotype 3 and those of genotype 4 did not significantly induce TLR-2 and cytokines. The results obtained might suggest a possible association between genotype and virulence factors expressed by M. pachydermatis strains. This highlights the need for a more accurate identification of the yeast to improve the therapeutic approach and to monitor the onset of human infections caused by this emergent zoonotic pathogen.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Dermatomicoses/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Malassezia/genética , Malassezia/metabolismo , Fatores de Virulência/metabolismo , Animais , Gatos , DNA Fúngico/genética , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Cães , Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Fatores de Virulência/genética
9.
Int J Med Microbiol ; 305(8): 815-27, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26372530

RESUMO

Chlamydia trachomatis, a human pathogen, is a Gram-negative bacillus and a compulsory intracellular parasite. It is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections in both industrialized and developing countries. In women, untreated genital infections can result in devastating consequences such as pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and even infertility. Lactobacillus crispatus is an important urogenital species that is routinely found in the vagina of healthy women. Lactobacilli are involved in the maintenance of the normal vaginal microbiota and their dominance in the vagina suggests that they play a crucial role in protecting the genitourinary tract against pathological conditions. Lactobacilli can act through the activation of the immune system, but C. trachomatis is able to effectively evade immune surveillance in some individuals. The aim of our study was to investigate the immunomodulatory efficacy of the potential probiotic strain L. crispatus in HeLa and J774 cells subjected to C. trachomatis infection by studying the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-10. Our results demonstrated, firstly, the lack of any cytotoxic effect on the epithelial cells and macrophages when treated with L. crispatus and its supernatant; in addition, L. crispatus and its supernatant inhibited C. trachomatis adhesion and infectivity in human epithelial cells and macrophages. Our study then showed that L. crispatus and its supernatant reduced IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α production in C. trachomatis-infected HeLa and J774 cells. In contrast, a significant upregulation of the IL-10 expression in HeLa and J774 cells by L. crispatus and supernatant was also demonstrated. Our data indicate that L. crispatus specifically enhances the production of the IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine in contrast to the inhibitory effect of L. crispatus on the pro-inflammatory cytokines.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/metabolismo , Chlamydia trachomatis/imunologia , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Lactobacillus/imunologia , Interações Microbianas , Animais , Aderência Bacteriana , Linhagem Celular , Chlamydia trachomatis/fisiologia , Células Epiteliais/imunologia , Células Epiteliais/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactobacillus/fisiologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/microbiologia , Camundongos
10.
Food Chem ; 450: 139370, 2024 Aug 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38688227

RESUMO

This preliminary study is focused on an elemental analysis of 60 samples of different commercial grains' flour, including various typologies of refined product, researching transition metals and trace elements. All the samples were first digested with a microwave digestion system and then analyzed by a triple quadrupole (TQ) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS-QQQ) located in a Clean Room ISO class 6. The minimum value of most of the elements (Li, Be, Na, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr) are in the wheat flour "00" type and in the wheat flour "0" type (B, Na, Mg, Al, Cu, Ag, Cd, In, Cs, Pb, Bi). On the opposite, the maximum value of these elements is found in whole wheat flour (B, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Ba) and in the wheat flour "0" type (Na, Al, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, As). Relating rare-earth elements (REE), all of them show value similar to each other and not under the detection limits thanks to the use of a TQ in the clean room. The final aim is to create a large database, with a high data bank and easily enlargeable, that could be used in future to analyze unknown flour samples and to set up traceability analysis. The purpose of this work is to find some trends of analyzed elements in function of different parameters, such as milling degree or geographical origin, also with a statistical point of view.


Assuntos
Farinha , Espectrometria de Massas , Oligoelementos , Triticum , Farinha/análise , Triticum/química , Oligoelementos/análise , Manipulação de Alimentos
11.
Food Chem ; 402: 134247, 2023 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36152560

RESUMO

Extra virgin olive oil is a typical product of Mediterranean area, and its origin protection is continuously improved. 24 olive oil samples from different geographical origin were analyzed and 40 elements were evaluated with chemometric techniques. This study aims at elaborating a method to determine mineral composition of this matrix and at validating the method used to determine its reliability. The high-level laboratory facilities for trace element/isotopic analysis realized in ENEA Brasimone (Italy) is a useful tool to reduce the limit of detection of elements, cutting down pollutants. Both Clean Laboratory for sample pre-treatment and Clean Room Standard ISO 6 are constantly monitored to guarantee the control quality. The results obtained using ICP-MS Triple Quadrupoles show changes between the analysed samples. Finally, Principal Component Analysis was conducted to better characterize olive oil products from different geographical origin, providing a fingerprint of the element patterns in the samples.


Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais , Oligoelementos , Azeite de Oliva/análise , Oligoelementos/análise , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Minerais , Poluentes Ambientais/análise
12.
J Environ Radioact ; 259-260: 107107, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36646011

RESUMO

The aim of this work is based on the optimisation of a gamma spectrometry system in anticoincidence for the detection of noble gases, in particular the radioactive isotopes of xenon. These four radionuclides are of particular interest for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). The Laboratory of the ENEA Research Centre of Brasimone, where the experimental apparatus has been set up to carry out the measurements of 131mXe, 133Xe, 133mXe and 135Xe, is able to provide, if necessary, data and analysis on noble gases. The apparatus provides for the sampling of outdoor air, the passage through filters and in activated carbons maintained at cryogenic temperatures to allow xenon absorption. Finally, gas extraction and xenon volumes are analyzed by means of gas chromatography and a thermal conductivity detector. At the end of the extraction an aluminium cylinder containing radioxenon is analyzed by high resolution gamma spectroscopy using a High Purity Germanium Detector P-type. The signals produced by the interaction of cosmic rays with the crystal have been recognized as the main cause of the increase of the detector background because they give rise to the Compton continuum and, as a result, they affect the value of the minimum detectable activity (MDA). In order to overcome this effect, a system in anticoincidence has been developed using two plastic scintillators, placed over the shielding of the HPGe detector, which send pulses recording within a time delay window located in the germanium multichannel analyzer: at the time the signal arrives from the scintillator, the gate blocks data acquisition to avoid recording pulses generated by cosmic radiation. For both configurations of the system (with and without the anticoincidence apparatus operating) the energy, and efficiency calibrations have been carried out using a certified multigamma-ray calibration source to assess the performance.


Assuntos
Poluentes Radioativos do Ar , Germânio , Monitoramento de Radiação , Xenônio/análise , Radioisótopos de Xenônio/análise , Espectrometria gama , Germânio/análise , Poluentes Radioativos do Ar/análise , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Radioisótopos/análise
13.
J Cell Physiol ; 227(10): 3471-6, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22213221

RESUMO

Several mutations in distinct genes, all coding for sarcomeric proteins, have been reported in unrelated kindreds with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC). We have identified nine individuals from three families harboring two distinct mutations in one copy of the ß-myosin heavy chain (ß-MHC) gene. In this study, the expression of the mutant ß-myosin protein isoform, isolated from slow-twitch fibers of skeletal muscle, was demonstrated by Northern and Western blot analysis; this myosin showed a decreased in vitro motility activity and produced a lower actin-activated ATPase activity. Isometric tension, measured in single slow-twitch fibers isolated from the affected individuals, also showed a significant decrease. The degree of impairment of ß-myosin function, as well as the loss in isometric tension development, were strictly dependent on the amount of the isoform transcribed from the mutated allele. Interestingly, a strong correlation was also demonstrated between mutant ß-myosin content and clinical features of FHC. On the other hand, we were unable to detect any correlation between mutant ß-myosin expression and degree of cardiac hypertrophy, thereby strengthening the hypothesis that hypertrophy, one of the hallmarks of FHC, might not necessarily be related to the clinical evolution of this disease. These findings lend support to the notion that additional factors rather than the mutated gene may play a pathogenetic role in cardiac wall thickening, whereas the prognosis appears to be strongly related to the amount of mutant protein.


Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica Familiar/genética , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Mutação , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Cadeias Pesadas de Miosina/genética , Miosinas Ventriculares/genética , Actinas/genética , Actinas/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfatases/genética , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica Familiar/metabolismo , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica Familiar/patologia , Feminino , Expressão Gênica/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cadeias Pesadas de Miosina/biossíntese , Cadeias Pesadas de Miosina/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Miosinas Ventriculares/biossíntese , Miosinas Ventriculares/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem
14.
Invest New Drugs ; 30(4): 1343-51, 2012 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21656164

RESUMO

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a fatal malignancy linked to asbestos exposure. The main challenge for mesothelioma treatment is to go beyond the drug resistance, in particular against cisplatin (CDDP), one of the most used chemotherapeutic drug. 3-O-methylfunicone (OMF) is a metabolite produced by the fungus Penicillium pinophilum; its antiproliferative properties have been previously studied in vitro. Particularly, OMF is able to inhibit mesothelioma cell motility. To improve the effects of CDDP by-passing the resistance of mesothelioma cells to this drug, in the present study we investigated the combined treatment of OMF with CDDP respectively in an established mesothelioma cell line (NCI) and primary mesothelioma cells (Mest). As compared to the effect of single treatments, the combination of OMF and CDDP resulted in a stronger inhibition of NCI and Mest cell proliferation. OMF combination with CDDP was also able to affect the migratory ability of NCI and Mest cells by down-regulating αv and ß5 expression and reducing metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) production. In addition, this association was effective in modulating VEGF gene expression. This finding highlights the possibility to use OMF and CDDP together to regulate angiogenesis and tumour progression in mesothelioma.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Mesotelioma/tratamento farmacológico , Mesotelioma/patologia , Penicillium/química , Pironas/farmacologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Forma Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Quimiotaxia/efeitos dos fármacos , Quimiotaxia/genética , Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/metabolismo , Mesotelioma/genética , Pironas/uso terapêutico , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Receptores de Vitronectina/genética , Receptores de Vitronectina/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo
15.
Cytokine ; 60(1): 197-204, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22749236

RESUMO

Periodontitis is a multifactorial polymicrobial infection characterized by a destructive inflammatory process. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative anaerobic black-pigmented rod, which produces several virulence factors that stimulate human periodontal ligament cells (HPLCs) to produce various inflammatory mediators, has been implicated as a crucial etiologic agent in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. Since natural polyphenols such as resveratrol have growth-inhibitory effects on some bacterial pathogens and have shown chemo-preventive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, in the present study we used an HPLC model stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of P. gingivalis to simulate the in vivo conditions such as those found in diseased periodontal sites. To determine whether resveratrol interferes with P. gingivalis LPS-activity and reduces the production of pro-inflammatory molecules, we investigated its effect on the cytokines IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and TNF-α and NO production of HPLCs. The results showed that resveratrol treatment decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner the NO expression induced by P. gingivalis LPS, correlated to an increased viability of infected HPLCs, and decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HPLCs stimulated by P. gingivalis LPS. These results suggest that the ability of resveratrol to determine immunomodulatory effects could provide possible therapeutic applications for the treatment of periodontitis.


Assuntos
Citocinas/metabolismo , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Ligamento Periodontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Estilbenos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/genética , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Interleucina-12/genética , Interleucina-12/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-8/genética , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Ligamento Periodontal/citologia , Ligamento Periodontal/metabolismo , Periodontite/metabolismo , Periodontite/microbiologia , Periodontite/prevenção & controle , Porphyromonas gingivalis/química , Porphyromonas gingivalis/fisiologia , Resveratrol , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Fatores de Tempo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
16.
J Environ Radioact ; 255: 107049, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36274505

RESUMO

Technetium-99m, the decay product of molybdenum-99, is the most used medical isotope in diagnostic imaging. The future disruptions of molybdenum-99 supply, due to the final shut down of some old producing reactors, has led some current global supplies to plan the expansion of their production capacity. While other countries are developing own production facilities to supply their domestic demand. The global increase of molybdenum-99 production in the coming years could increase by about five times the current demand, with about the 50 percent of additional production in North America. Xenon radionuclides are an inevitable by-product of the nuclear plants production, and their periodically release into the atmosphere, contribute to the background that is also revealed by the IMS stations of the CBTO treaty. In this framework, the development of new technologies, posing no risk in relation to nuclear proliferation and do not result in emissions of radioxenon, could mitigate the issues related to the forecast increase of molybdenum-99 production worldwide. In Italy, an alternative 99Mo production project, the project ENEA Sorgentina, based on the irradiation of molybdenum by neutrons produced by a deuterium-tritium nuclear fusion process, is under development. This facility will not release radioxenon into the atmosphere, so it will not affect the background value in the atmosphere in Southern Europe.


Assuntos
Poluentes Radioativos do Ar , Monitoramento de Radiação , Molibdênio , Radioisótopos de Xenônio/análise , Fusão Nuclear , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Poluentes Radioativos do Ar/análise , Radioisótopos
17.
Cytokine ; 56(2): 450-7, 2011 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21803599

RESUMO

Chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium that causes recurrent pharyngitis, pneumonia and chronic inflammation induced by cycles of persistence and productive infection that might also explain the association with chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether C. pneumoniae can invade and survive within human osteoblasts and whether this infection elicits the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Our results demonstrated that C. pneumoniae was able to infect the SaOS-2 osteoblastic cell line and to replicate in the osteoblasts in a time-dependent manner and was associated to an increase in the cell number and cell viability. In addition, infection of the SaOS-2 cell line with C. pneumoniae at MOI of 4 is correlated to a proinflammatory response. Infected osteoblasts produced increased levels of cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, and IL-23. The production of cytokines increased with subsequent interaction between osteoblasts and monocytes and the maximum levels of cytokines released were detected 72 h after infection with C. pneumoniae. Thus, controlling the release of chemokines, e.g., IL-23, may be a therapeutic strategy for preventing inflammatory bone disease and counteract inflammation and bone destruction.


Assuntos
Chlamydophila pneumoniae/fisiologia , Citocinas/biossíntese , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/microbiologia , Sequência de Bases , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células , Técnicas de Cocultura , Meios de Cultura , Citocinas/metabolismo , Primers do DNA , Humanos , Osteoblastos/citologia , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa
18.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 8(9): 1239-47, 2008 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18602070

RESUMO

Human beta-defensin 2 is an antimicrobial peptide that is produced by several epithelial cells after stimulation with micro-organisms and inflammatory mediators. Gram-negative bacteria, which are typically detected in periodontal pockets in periodontitis, elicit a stronger antibacterial peptide response of human beta-defensin 2 by epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated whether Chlamydia pneumoniae is able both to enter and grow in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), to modify the production of cytokines, and is involved in regulation of beta-defensin 2 expression. Gingival fibroblasts discarded from periodontal procedures on healthy young individuals were infected with viable C. pneumoniae or with heat- or ultraviolet-inactivated organisms at a multiplicity of infection of 4 inclusion-forming units per cell. Our results demonstrate that after 48 h of incubation with viable C. pneumoniae, gingival fibroblasts showed a proliferative response as seen by both colorimetric assay and direct cell count (40% and 45%, respectively). Moreover, cells incubated with viable or ultraviolet light-inactivated C. pneumoniae organisms showed an increase in the levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and human beta-defensin 2 in a time-dependent fashion, while the cells infected with heat-killed bacteria did not show a significant production either of the cytokines or beta-defensin 2 at any time. In conclusion, we demonstrate the correlation between multiplication of C. pneumoniae in human gingival fibroblasts and release of interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and up-regulation of beta-defensin 2, suggesting that gingival fibroblasts may be a periodontium niche for obligate intracellular C. pneumoniae and may play a role in innate gingival immune system and inflammatory response mechanisms of periodontitis.


Assuntos
Infecções por Chlamydia/metabolismo , Chlamydophila pneumoniae , Citocinas/biossíntese , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Gengiva/metabolismo , Doenças Periodontais/metabolismo , beta-Defensinas/biossíntese , Adulto , Proliferação de Células , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Cultivadas , Chlamydophila pneumoniae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Chlamydophila pneumoniae/patogenicidade , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Gengiva/citologia , Humanos , Doenças Periodontais/microbiologia , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa
19.
Minerva Stomatol ; 67(3): 102-110, 2018 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29431349

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that vitamin D exerts several functions other than those implied in the bone homeostasis. It has been published the vitamin D can act on many cells and tissues behaving also as a modulatory factor in the immune responses. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of active vitamin D3 (VD) on the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12) in human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) and human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLc) triggered by Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus pyogenes. METHODS: Primary hGF and hPDLc pretreated or not by VD (10-8 mol/L) were exposed to P. gingivalis and S. pyogenes for 24 h. Production of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 was evaluated by immunoenzymatic assay. mRNA of the same cytokines were evaluated by PCR. RESULTS: IL-6 secretion increased by 25.2% (±2.1) up to 51% (±3.3) in VD treated hGF and hPDLc exposed to P. gingivalis and S. pyogenes, compared to VD not treated cells. IL-8 secretion decreased approximately by 30% in VD-treated hGF and hPDLc compared to VD not-treated cells. IL-12 secretion decreased by 60%. On the contrary, anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased by approximately 200%. mRNA PCR confirmed these results. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of the study, the obtained results support the hypothesis of a modulatory role of VD on periodontal cells exposed to bacterial infection, reducing their inflammatory response and increasing the secretion of anti-inflammatory and modulatory cytokines. Consequently, it could be speculated that vitamin D assessment, and its possible implementation in deficiency cases, could play a role in periodontal treatment.


Assuntos
Colecalciferol/farmacologia , Citocinas/biossíntese , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Ligamento Periodontal/citologia , Ligamento Periodontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligamento Periodontal/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Gengiva/citologia , Humanos
20.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 7(3): 287-94, 2007 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17276886

RESUMO

Chlamydia pneumoniae, a gram-negative bacterium, is an important human intracellular pathogen; studies of C. pneumoniae pathogenesis have shown that the organism can infect many cell types associated with both respiratory and vascular sites, including arterial smooth muscle cells, macrophages and vascular endothelium. Recently, the recognition of atherosclerosis as an inflammatory disease in its genesis, progression and ultimate clinical manifestations has created an interesting area of vascular research. We assessed the hypothesis that growth factors from THP-1 macrophages infected with C. pneumoniae are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation in HUVEC. The induction of these factors were dependent on time of infection, as medium harvested 48 h after infection had a greater activity than media harvested at 12 or 24 h after infection. Heat-killed C. pneumoniae produced similar results to those of live bacteria. In addition, conditioned medium filtered sterile from infected macrophages induced the proliferation of HUVEC, thus demonstrating its angiogenic potential. Moreover, pretreatment of macrophages with cytochalasin D, a phagocytosis inhibitor, yielded almost comparable results, suggesting that bacterium cell-attachment is sufficient for VEGF, IL-1beta and IL-8 induction. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the biological role of chlamydial involvement in the complex and mutifactored processes of angiogenesis and possibly contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies.


Assuntos
Chlamydophila pneumoniae/patogenicidade , Células Endoteliais/citologia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/biossíntese , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células , Chlamydophila pneumoniae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Citocalasina D/farmacologia , Células Endoteliais/microbiologia , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/biossíntese , Interleucina-8/biossíntese , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/microbiologia , Neovascularização Fisiológica
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