Sydenham's chorea--clinical and evolutive characteristics.

CONTEXT: During the last 12 years we have observed an increase in the frequency of Sydenham's chorea in our country. We have observed that some of our patients have presented recurrence of the chorea despite regular treatment with benzathine penicillin. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to evaluate clinical and evolutive characteristics of Sydenham's chorea in a group of patients followed in our Pediatric Rheumatology Unit. TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective study. SETTING: Section of Pediatric Rheumatology - Discipline of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology - Department of Pediatrics - UNIFESP - EPM. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred and ninety patients with rheumatic fever followed between 1986 and 1999. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 290 patients with rheumatic fever followed between 1986 and 1999. All patients were diagnosed according to the revised Jones criteria (1992). We included 86 patients that presented Sydenham's chorea as one of the major criteria (one or more attacks) and evaluated their clinical and evolutive characteristics as well the treatment. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients were girls and 31 were boys. The mean age at onset was 9.7 years and mean follow-up period was 3.6 years. The 86 Sydenham's chorea patients presented 110 attacks of chorea. We observed isolated chorea in 35% of the patients, and 25 (29%) presented one or more recurrences. We included only 17 of the 25 patients for further analysis, with a total of 22 recurrences of which 14 were attacks of chorea, because it was not possible to precisely detect the interval between attacks in the other patients. The approximate interval between the attacks ranged from 4 to 96 months. In 71% of the patients there was no failure in the secondary prophylaxis with benzathine penicillin, which was performed every 3 weeks. CONCLUSION: Despite the regular use of secondary benzathine penicillin prophylaxis, children with rheumatic fever have a high risk of Sydenham's chorea recurrence.

[Bone mineral density in children. Association with musculoskeletal pain and/or joint hypermobility]. / Densidade mineral óssea em crianças. Associação com dor músculo-esquelética e/ou hipermobilidade articular.

OBJECTIVE: Joint hypermobility can be associated with benign musculoskeletal pain. The relation between hypermobility and low bone mineral density is still unknown. Osteoporosis can be observed in some genetic syndromes associated with joint hypermobility. The aim of our study was to detect the possible relation between joint hypermobility, benign musculoskeletal pain and bone mineral density in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-three children from 5 to 10 years of age were evaluated concerning the presence of joint hypermobility and the presence of musculoskeletal pain based on a questionnaire directed to parents. We also performed densitometry to measure bone mineral density. All children underwent an L2-L4 lumbar bone densitometry. RESULTS: Children were distributed into four groups according to the presence or not of joint hypermobility associated or not with musculoskeletal pain: 29 (31.2%) with hypermobility and pain, 20 (21.5%) with hypermobility and without pain, 22 (23.6%) without hypermobility and with pain and 22 (23.6%) without hypermobility and without pain (control group). Twenty-four children (25.8%) presented reduction in bone mineral density over 10% related to the adequate bone mineral density for age and gender. Bone mineral density was significantly lower in relation to the controls in the following groups: with hypermobility (independently of the presence of pain), with pain (independently of the presence of hypermobility), with hypermobility and without pain and without hypermobility and with pain. CONCLUSION: Bone mineral density may be lower in children with joint hypermobility (independently of musculoskeletal pain) and in children with pain (independently of hypermobility) when compared to controls.

Densidade mineral óssea em crianças. Associação com dor músculo-esquelética e/ou hipermobilidade articular / Bone mineral density in children. Association with musculoskeletal pain and/or joint hypermobility

Introdução: a hipermobilidade articular pode estar associada a dor músculo-esquelética. A relação da hipermobilidde com a redução da densidade mineral óssea ainda é desconhecida. Existem relatos de osteoporose em associação com doenças genéticas que cursam com hipermobilidade articular. O nosso objeti vo foi detectara possível associação entre hipermobilidade articular e alterações na densidade mineral óssea (DMO) em crianças com e sem dor músculo-esquelética. Casuistica e métodos: foram avaliadas 93 crianças, com idade entre 5 e 10 anos, quanto a presença de hipermobilidade articular e quanto a presença de dor músculo-esquelética, através de questionário dirigido aos pais. Todas as crianças realizaram densitometria óssea de coluna lombar ao nível das vértebras L2-L4. Resultados: as crianças foram distribuidas de acordo com a presença ou não de hipermobilidade articular associada ou não a dormúsculo-esquelética: 29 (31,2por cento) com hipermobilidade e com dor músculo-esquelética, 20(21,5 por cento) com hipermobilidadee sem dor, 22(23,6 por cento) sem hipermobilidade e com dor e 22 (23,6 por cento ) sem hipermobilidade e sem dor (grupo controle). Vinte e quatro (25,8por cento ) criançasapresentaram perda de DMO maior que 10 por cento com relação Ó DMO adequada para a idade e sexo. A DMO mostrou-se significantemente menor em relaçÒo ao grupo controle nos grupos: com hipermobilidade (independente da presença de dor), com dor (independente da presença de hipermobilidade), com hipermobilidade e sem dore semhipermobilidade e com dor. Conclusão: a DMO pode estar diminuída em crianças com hipermobilidade...

Sydenham's chorea: clinical and evolutive characteristics

CONTEXT: During the last 12 years we have observed an increase in the frequency of Sydenham's chorea in our country. We have observed that some of our patients have presented recurrence of the chorea despite regular treatment with benzathine penicillin. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to evaluate clinical and evolutive characteristics of Sydenham's chorea in a group of patients followed in our Pediatric Rheumatology Unit. TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective study. SETTING: Section of Pediatric Rheumatology - Discipline of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology - Department of Pediatrics - UNIFESP - EPM. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred and ninety patients with rheumatic fever followed between 1986 and 1999. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 290 patients with rheumatic fever followed between 1986 and 1999. All patients were diagnosed according to the revised Jones criteria (1992). We included 86 patients that presented Sydenham's chorea as one of the major criteria (one or more attacks) and evaluated their clinical and evolutive characteristics as well the treatment. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients were girls and 31 were boys. The mean age at onset was 9.7 years and mean follow-up period was 3.6 years. The 86 Sydenham's chorea patients presented 110 attacks of chorea. We observed isolated chorea in 35 percent of the patients, and 25 (29 percent) presented one or more recurrences. We included only 17 of the 25 patients for further analysis, with a total of 22 recurrences of which 14 were attacks of chorea, because it was not possible to precisely detect the interval between attacks in the other patients. The approximate interval between the attacks ranged from 4 to 96 months. In 71 percent of the patients there was no failure in the secondary prophylaxis with benzathine penicillin, which was performed every 3 weeks. CONCLUSION: Despite the regular use of secondary benzathine penicillin prophylaxis, children with rheumatic fever have a high risk of Sydenham's chorea recurrence