Betamethasone valerate ointment compared with fluocinonide FAPG.

Betamethasone 0.1% as valerate in an ointment base and fluocinonide 0.05% in a fatty alcohol propylene glycol (FAPG) base have been compared in a double-blind trial of 76 patients with either eczema or psoriasis. The results show betamethasone valerate ointment to be significantly (P less than.05) superior to fluocinonide FAPG in the treatment of both these skin conditions. In the light of publications from other studies on betamethasone valerate cream this trial indicates that the ointment base considerably increases the efficacy of betamethasone valerate.

Effect of intravenous immunoglobulin G on the deposition of immunoglobulin G and C3 onto type III group B streptococcus and Escherichia coli K1.

Seventeen neonates with suspected or proven sepsis received either a 750 mg/kg dose of intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) or placebo. Compared with values in adult serum, the preinfusion serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complement component C3 were diminished; the concentrations were unaffected by the administration of placebo to nine infants. Fifteen minutes after infusion in the eight IVIG recipients, the serum concentration of IgG increased from 3.66 mg/ml to 16.58 mg/ml but the C3 concentration of 540 micrograms/ml was unaffected. Similarly, a radioimmunoassay revealed that during incubation of bacteria with sera from the neonates, the quantities of IgG and C3 bound to type III group B streptococcus and Escherichia coli O7:K1: NM were low and were unaffected by the infusion of placebo. During incubation of bacteria with the postinfusion sera from the IVIG recipients, the amount of IgG, but not C3, deposited onto the bacteria increased to a level equivalent to that observed in adult serum. Therefore IVIG enhanced the capacity of sera from ill neonates to deposit IgG but not C3 onto bacteria. We speculate that in neonates with sepsis, a diminished capacity to deposit C3 onto bacteria may possibly limit the therapeutic efficacy of IVIG.

Clinical, anatomic, and immunopathologic characterization of Babesia gibsoni infection in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris).

The pathology associated with acute, chronic, and recrudescent Babesia gibsoni infections was characterized in a group of 6 naturally or experimentally infected, spleen-intact and splenectomized dogs. All experimentally infected dogs became acutely parasitemic, lethargic, anemic, thrombocytopenic, and hemoglobinuric. Anatomic lesions associated, with the disease included diffuse nonsuppurative periportal and centrilobular hepatitis, multifocal necrotizing arteritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, reactive lymphadenopathy, diffuse erythrophagocytosis, and extramedullary hematopoiesis. The density of CD3+ lymphocytes within the liver sinusoids was markedly increased. Aggregates of large mononuclear cells with immunohistochemical features of activated macrophages were demonstrated in the central veins of the liver. Kupffer cells throughout the hepatic sinusoids appeared hypertrophic and prominent. The density of sinusoidal T lymphocytes, macrophages in central veins, and the degree of Kupffer cell hypertrophy were greatest in the splenectomized dogs. Multifocal deposits of IgM antibody were immunohistochemically demonstrated within the walls of inflamed arteries and renal glomeruli. The results of this study suggest that intense immunostimulation resulting in activation and expansion of T and B lymphocyte populations, macrophage recruitment and activation, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis and anemia contribute to the pathology associated with B. gibsoni infections.

The use of a second course of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonatal patients.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been successful in rescuing near term or term infants in cardio-respiratory failure that results from a reversible disease process. In most cases, only one course of ECMO is needed to save these infants. However, a second course of ECMO may be beneficial in a select group of infants when recurrent persistent pulmonary hypertension develops. Other than abstract form, this is the first report of the use of a second course of ECMO in the literature. The authors report on three infants, two with recurrent persistent pulmonary hypertension secondary to congenital diaphragmatic hernia and one with necrotizing tracheobronchitis after Group B streptococcal sepsis who were treated at their institution with a second course of ECMO. Technical considerations in using a second course of ECMO depend upon the initial vessel cannulation site, time elapsed between cannulations, and the condition of the original artery and vein. By adopting a stenting procedure in those infants whose initial trial off was equivocal, a second cannulation may be prevented in neonatal patients with recurrent persistent pulmonary hypertension.

Traumatic hyphema in an intercollegiate baseball player: a case report.

OBJECTIVE: To present the case of a collegiate baseball player struck in the right eye. BACKGROUND: While attempting a bunt, a 20-year-old collegiate baseball player was hit in the right eye when the ball was deflected off the bat. The athlete bled from the nose, and the right eye swelled shut from eyelid edema. Initial nasal hemorrhage was controlled, and the athlete was referred to the emergency room for further care due to pain in the inferior orbit. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Eyelid contusion, traumatic iritis, or traumatic microhyphema to the right eye secondary to blunt trauma. TREATMENT: Immediate treatment consisted of controlling the nasal bleeding with sterile gauze pads. Because of palpable tenderness over the inferior orbit, the athlete was immediately transported to the emergency room. UNIQUENESS: Hyphema is one of the most common sport-related eye injuries: the incidence is 12.2 cases per 100,000 population, with approximately 37% resulting from sports injury. Racquet sports, baseball, and softball account for more than half of all hyphema injuries in athletics. Individuals with traumatic hyphema rarely require surgery; however, proper initial care, treatment, and referral are imperative to a good prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Athletic trainers need to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of hyphema and seek medical evaluation immediately in order to avoid secondary complications. With proper recognition, initial care and referral, and appropriate, well-fitted protective eyewear as needed, hyphema can have minimal complications, and the athlete may be able to compete again within 1 to 2 weeks.

Outcomes from homeopathic prescribing in medical practice: a prospective, research-targeted, pilot study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A base for targeted research and development in homeopathy can be founded on systematic collection and analysis of relevant clinical data obtained by doctors in routine practice. With these longer-term aims in mind, we conducted a pilot data collection study, in which 14 homeopathic physicians collected clinical and outcomes data over a 6-month period in their practice setting. METHODS: A specifically designed Excel spreadsheet enabled recording of consecutive clinical appointments under the following main headings: date, patient identity (anonymised), age and gender, medical condition/complaint treated, whether chronic or acute, new or follow-up case, patient-assessed outcome (7-point Likert scale: -3 to +3) compared with first appointment, homeopathic medicine/s prescribed, whether any other medication/s being taken for the condition. Spreadsheets were submitted monthly via email to the project co-ordinator for data synthesis and analysis. RESULTS: Practitioners typically submitted data regularly and punctually, and most data cells were completed as required, enabling substantial data analysis. The mean age of patients was 41.5 years. A total of 1,783 individual patient conditions were treated overall. Outcome from two or more homeopathic appointments per patient condition was obtained in 961 cases (75.9% positive, 4.6% negative, 14.7% no change; 4.8% outcome not recorded). Strongly positive outcomes (scores of +2 or +3) were achieved most notably in the frequently treated conditions of anxiety, depression, and irritable bowel syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: This multi-practitioner pilot study has indicated that systematic recording of clinical data in homeopathy is both feasible and capable of informing future research. A refined version of the spreadsheet can be employed in larger-scale research-targeted clinical data collection in the medical practice setting--particularly in primary care.

Homeopathic Secretin in autism: a clinical pilot study.

Autism is a condition characterised by impairments of social communication, social interaction and social imagination. The exact aetiology of autism is unknown but some autistic features have been explained by the 'opioid excess theory' in which excess brain peptide levels have a morphine-like activity. Reduction of peptide levels by administration of the duodenal enzyme Secretin has been found to improve social and language skills in autistic patients. Homeopathic Secretin has been said to produce similar effects. A pilot study was undertaken to study these effects by administration of Secretin to a group of autistic patients. Weekly assessment for 12 weeks was performed by the patients' care workers. Statistical analysis of the mean pre-treatment results compared with the mean treatment results suggested a worsening in the autistic symptoms during treatment. Discussion with the care workers revealed changes and some improvements that were not recordable on the scoring system. Further research into Secretin treatment of autism using a more detailed and customized scoring system would be justified. Following this pilot study a randomised controlled trial of Secretin vs placebo would be appropriate.

Exacerbation and reactivation of Herpesvirus hominis infection in mice by cyclophosphamide.

Cyclophosphamide has been shown to potentiate the growth of Herpesvirus hominis in the skin of Webster Schneider mice. Higher skin yields of virus were obtained, marked dissemination of virus to the brain was produced and mortality in mice was increased. Serum neutralizing antibody titres were suppressed. The system may serve as a good model for the study of specific antiherpes drugs.

Giant-cell tumour of the tendon sheath--an uncommon tumour presenting to dermatologists.

We describe a patient who presented with two skin-coloured, non-mobile, soft dermal nodules on the tip of the distal phalanx of the left middle finger. Skin biopsy revealed the features of a giant-cell tumour of the tendon sheath. This benign tumour is one of the most common tumours affecting the hand but is, we believe, infrequently encountered by dermatologists and rarely mentioned in the dermatological literature.

Familial tufted angioma.

Tufted angioma is a rare slowly progressive vascular lesion found typically in children and young adults. Cases appear sporadically and clinically have been confused with low grade angiosarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and multiple glomus tumours. We report a case of a patient with tufted angioma in whom a strong family history of similar lesions is apparent, transmitted in an autosomal-dominant mode of inheritance.

Toxic pustuloderma: a self-limiting eruption.

Three patients are described who developed numerous pinhead sized pustules within areas of a widespread toxic erythema. The eruption was precipitated by food poisoning in one patient, a suspected, but blood-culture-negative septicaemia in another and in the third patient, by a cephalosporin. This self-limiting syndrome consists of fever, a pustular and erythematous eruption, a neutrophil leucocytosis, subcorneal and spongiform pustules but without a history of psoriasis. We believe that this entity of toxic pustuloderma represents a severe form of toxic erythema.

Pregnancy in renal transplant recipients: case report.

Pregnancy in a renal homograft recipient resulted in an emergency cesarean section at 32 weeks' gestation secondary to maternal small bowel obstruction with necrotic bowel and subsequent intestinal perforation. The 1814 gm female product of this pregnancy had a moderate degree of in utero asphyxia, which subsequently, based on radiologic studies, had to be differentiated from the possibility of a congenital viral infection. Several concerns arose regarding the effects on the fetus by maternal immunosuppressive therapy, the risk factors faced by both the fetus and the mother secondary to the mother's renal disease, and the general outcome of the increasing number of pregnancies in this population.

Direct effects of meconium on rat tracheal smooth muscle tension in vitro.

Increased airway resistance is a component of the meconium aspiration syndrome. Experiments were done to determine whether meconium can have a direct affect on tracheal smooth muscle tension. Tracheal segments (4-5 mm long) were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats and suspended in organ baths with physiologic salt solution at 37 degrees C gassed with 95% O2-5% CO2. Each segment was attached to a fixed glass rod on one side and to a force displacement transducer on the other side to measure transverse tension. The segments were stretched to 1.5 g of tension and equilibrated for 2-5 h. Human meconium was diluted in physiologic salt solution (20 g/100 mL) and filtered through gauze. Tension was generated in the segments by adding acetylcholine (10(-6) M) to the tissue bath. Addition of meconium to the organ bath (0.1-5 mg/mL) caused tracheal smooth muscle relaxation in 44% of tracheal segments tested. Contraction occurred in 8% of tested segments, but only at the intermediate and low doses. The amount of relaxation increased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. These responses were not affected by pretreating segments with indomethacin, removing the tracheal epithelium, using KCl to generate tone, or by heating meconium above 60 degrees C for 1 h. Addition of oleic acid to the organ bath (3.5 x 10(-6) to 3.5 x 10(-4) M) caused concentration-dependent tracheal smooth muscle responses (with relaxation predominating at 3.5 x 10(-4) M and contraction predominating at 3.5 x 10(-6) M). These results suggest that meconium can cause tracheal smooth muscle relaxation by a mechanism that does not appear to be mediated by cyclooxygenase products, by the tracheal epithelium, or a protein. The direct action of meconium on tracheal smooth muscle, which may in part be mediated by a fatty acid, does not appear to contribute significantly to the increased airway tone associated with the meconium aspiration syndrome.