Contrast-enhanced US in Renal Transplant Complications: Overview and Imaging Features.

Renal transplant is the first-line treatment of end-stage renal disease. The increasing number of transplants performed every year has led to a larger population of transplant patients. Complications may arise during the perioperative and postoperative periods, and imaging plays a key role in this scenario. Contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) is a safe tool that adds additional value to US. Contrast agents are usually administered intravenously, but urinary tract anatomy and complications such as stenosis or leak can be studied using intracavitary administration of contrast agents. Assessment of the graft and iliac vessels with CEUS is particularly helpful in identifying vascular and parenchymal complications, such as arterial or venous thrombosis and stenosis, acute tubular injury, or cortical necrosis, which can lead to graft loss. Furthermore, infectious and malignant graft involvement can be accurately studied with CEUS, which can help in detection of renal abscesses and in the differentiation between benign and malignant disease. CEUS is also useful in interventional procedures, helping to guide percutaneous aspiration of collections with better delimitation of the graft boundaries and to guide renal graft biopsies by avoiding avascular areas. Potential postprocedural vascular complications, such as pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, or active bleeding, are identified with CEUS. In addition, newer quantification tools such as CEUS perfusion are promising, but further studies are needed to approve its use for clinical purposes. ©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.

Pharmacological treatment of cancer pain and opioid induced nausea and vomiting: online survey and comparison with current guidelines.

PURPOSE: We assumed that in Palliative Care, even in common clinical situations, the choice of drugs differs substantially between physicians. Therefore, we assessed the practice of pharmaceutical treatment choices of physicians for cancer pain and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) and the rationale for their choices. METHODS: An online survey was conducted with physicians covering the following domains: i) Cancer pain therapy: non-opioids in addition to opioids: choice of drug ii) prevention of OINV: choice of drug and mode of application. Current guidelines concerning cancer pain therapy and prevention of OINV were compared. RESULTS: Two-hundred-forty European physicians responded to our survey. i) Use of non-opioids in addition to opioids for the treatment of cancer pain: Only 1.3% (n = 3) of respondents never used an additional non-opioid. Others mostly used: dipyrone/metamizole (49.2%, n = 118), paracetamol/acetaminophen (34.2%, n = 82), ibuprofen / other NSAIDs (11.3%, n = 27), specific Cox2-inhibitors (2.1%, n = 5), Aspirin (0.4%, n = 1), no answer (2.9%, n = 7). ii) Antiemetics to prevent OINV: The drugs of choice were metoclopramide (58.3%, n = 140), haloperidol (26.3%, n = 63), 5-HT3 antagonists (9.6%, n = 23), antihistamines (1.3%, n = 3) and other (2.9%, n = 7); no answer (1.7%, n = 4). Most respondents prescribed the substances on-demand (59.6%, n = 143) while others (36.3%, n = 87) provided them as around the clock medication. Over both domains, most physicians answered that their choices were not based on solid evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Guidelines were inconsistent regarding if and what non-opioid to use for cancer pain and recommend anti-dopaminergic drugs for prevention or treatment of OINV. CONCLUSIONS: Physician's practice in palliative care for the treatment of cancer pain and OINV differed substantially. Respondents expressed the lack of high-quality evidence- based information from RCTs. We call for evidence from methodologically high-quality RCTs to be available to inform physicians about the benefits and harms of pharmacological treatments for common symptoms in palliative care.

Inpatient generalist palliative care during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic - experiences, challenges and potential solutions from the perspective of health care workers.

BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has presented major challenges to the health system. Despite high acute case numbers, patients without Covid-19 still need to be cared for. Due to the severity of the disease and a possible stressful overall situation, patients with palliative care needs also require comprehensive care during pandemic times. In addition to specialized palliative care facilities, this also takes place in non palliative care wards. In order to ensure this general palliative care also in pandemic times, the experience of the staff should be used. The aim of this paper is to examine challenges and possible solutions for general palliative care inpatients in relation to the care of seriously ill and dying patients and their relatives. METHODS: Qualitative semi-structured focus groups were conducted online for the study. Participants were staff from intensive care or isolation wards or from units where vulnerable patients (e.g. with cognitive impairment) are cared for. The focus groups were recorded and subsequently transcribed. The data material was analysed with the content structuring content analysis according to Kuckartz. RESULTS: Five focus groups with four to eight health care professionals with various backgrounds were conducted. Fifteen main categories with two to eight subcategories were identified. Based on frequency and the importance expressed by the focus groups, six categories were extracted as central aspects: visiting regulations, communication with relatives, hygiene measures, cooperation, determination of the patients will and the possibility to say good bye. CONCLUSION: The pandemic situation produced several challenges needing specific solutions in order to manage the care of seriously ill and dying patients. Especially visiting needs regulation to prevent social isolation and dying alone. Finding alternative communication ways as well as interprofessional and interdisciplinary cooperation is a precondition for individualised care of seriously ill and dying patients and their relatives. Measures preventing infections should be transparently communicated in hospitals.

[Applicability of QUIKS in conservatively treated tumor inpatients]. / Anwendbarkeit von QUIKS bei stationär konservativ behandelten Tumorpatienten.

BACKGROUND: Quality improvement in conservative pain management (QUIKS), a module for nonoperative patients in the QUIPS project was tested on a cohort of tumor patients regarding its applicability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Conservatively treated inpatients at the University Hospital of Würzburg (UKW) were prospectively surveyed on the quality of pain management using the QUIKS outcome questionnaire (AZ 129/17, Ethics Committee at UKW). Information on therapy and demographics was taken from the hospital's internal documentation system. RESULTS: During the data collection period 100 conservatively treated inhouse tumor patients from different hospitals were included. Of the patients 74% required assistance in answering the questionnaire. Functional limitations or pain treatment-related side effects were present in 77% of the patients; the average pain level was 6 on the numerical rating scale. The most commonly reported type of pain was back pain and headache. Of the patients 18% received pain therapy with opioids and 26% with nonopioids, adjustment was made in 5% with opioids and in 44% with nonopioids and pain medicine specialists were consulted in 9% of cases. CONCLUSION: The application of the questionnaire was well accepted by the patients but required a high level of assistance in completing it. A high level of pain was observed during the hospital stay and the adjustment of pain therapy or the involvement of pain medicine specialists was rare. The interpretation of statements regarding the quality of tumor pain may be limited as other (pre-existing) pain entities, such as nontumor-associated pain or chronic tumor pain could not be clearly delineated.

Yoga effectively reduces fatigue and symptoms of depression in patients with different types of cancer.

PURPOSE: Examine the effects of an 8-week yoga therapy on fatigue in patients with different types of cancer. METHODS: A total of 173 cancer patients suffering from mild to severe fatigue were randomly allocated to yoga intervention (n = 84) (IG) versus waitlist control group (CG) (n = 88). Yoga therapy consisted of eight weekly sessions with 60 min each. The primary outcome was self-reported fatigue symptoms. Secondary outcomes were symptoms of depression and quality of life (QoL). Data were assessed using questionnaires before (T0) and after yoga therapy for IG versus waiting period for CG (T1). RESULTS: A stronger reduction of general fatigue (P = .033), physical fatigue (P = .048), and depression (P < .001) as well as a stronger increase in QoL (P = .002) was found for patients who attended 7 or 8 sessions compared with controls. Within the yoga group, both higher attendance rate and lower T0-fatigue were significant predictors of lower T1-fatigue (P ≤ .001). Exploratory results revealed that women with breast cancer report a higher reduction of fatigue than women with other types of cancer (P = .016) after yoga therapy. CONCLUSION: The findings support the assumption that yoga therapy is useful to reduce cancer-related fatigue, especially for the physical aspects of fatigue. Women with breast cancer seem to benefit most, and higher attendance rate results in greater reduction of fatigue. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00016034.

Anxiety, depression and psychosocial needs are the most frequent concerns reported by patients: preliminary results of a comparative explorative analysis of two hospital-based palliative care teams in Germany and Japan.

In the partnership between the medical departments of Würzburg University, Germany, and Nagasaki University, Japan, palliative care is a relevant topic. The aim of the study was to perform a comparative analysis of the hospital-based palliative care teams in Würzburg (PCT-W) and Nagasaki (PCT-N). Survey of staff composition and retrospective analysis of PCT patient charts in both PCTs were conducted. Patients self-assessed their symptoms in PCT-W and in Radiation Oncology Würzburg (RO-W). The (negative) quality indicator 'percentage of deceased hospitalised patients with PCT contact for less than 3 days before death' (Earle in Int J Qual Health Care 17(6):505-509, 2005) was analysed. Both PCTs follow a multidisciplinary team approach. PCT-N saw 410 cancer patients versus 853 patients for PCT-W (22.8% non-cancer patients). The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status at first contact with PCT-N was 3 or 4 in 39.3% of patients versus 79.0% for PCT-W. PCT-N was engaged in co-management longer than PCT-W (mean 20.7 days, range 1-102 versus mean 4.9 days, range 1-48). The most frequent patient-reported psychological symptom was anxiety (family anxiety: 98.3% PCT-W and 88.7% RO-W, anxiety 97.9% PCT-W and 85.9% RO-W), followed by depression (98.2% PCT-W and 80.3% RO-W). In 14 of the 148 deceased patients, PCT-N contact was initiated less than 3 days before death (9.4%) versus 121 of the 729 deceased PCT-W patients (16.6%). Psychological needs are highly relevant in both Germany and Japan, with more than 85% anxiety and depression in patients in the Japanese IPOS validation study (Sakurai in Jpn J Clin Oncol 49(3):257-262, 2019). This should be taken into account when implementing PCTs.

Preliminary results regarding automated identification of patients with a limited six-month survival prognosis using nursing assessment in uro-oncology patients.

INTRODUCTION: Contrary to current recommendations, palliative co-management of tumor patients often occurs late in daily clinical practice. Palliative care specialist (PCS) co-management should be considered at the latest after a 6-month prognosis has been presumed. Therefore, identifying patients with a limited prognosis is a reasonable measure. METHODS: Patients were identified using a screening tool for limited prognosis, which combined their tumor stage and data from the nursing anamnesis. In this retrospective study, a monocentric cohort of patients with urological malignancies-UICC (Union for International Cancer Control) stages III and IV - were enrolled from March to December 2019, with a 6-month follow-up period ending in May 2020. RESULTS: Most patients were male and suffered from prostate cancer. Patients with uro-oncological tumors dying within 6 months correlated significantly with the presence of repeated hospitalizations within three months, pain on admission, malnutrition, impaired breathing and reduced mobility (P < 0.001). The test was fair in quality (AUC 0.727) at a cut-point of five; a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 25% were obtained. The PPV was 0.64 and NPV was 0.82. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: We specifically identified the predictors of limited prognosis in urological cancer patients across several entities using an automated scoring system based on tumor stage and data from the nursing anamnesis. Therefore, we recognized hospitalization as an important transition point and determined nurses to be valuable partners in identifying unmet palliative care needs without additional technical, personnel or financial effort.

Successful use of Rectal Pregabalin for the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain-a Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: A 65-year-old female patient could no longer take oral food or medications due to a duodenal occlusion associated with metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Her pre-existing chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy had been well treated with pregabalin orally. METHODS: Since only preparations for oral use of pregabalin are available, pregabalin suppositories were compounded by the hospital pharmacy for rectal use in this patient. RESULTS: With the rectal administration, the treatment was successfully continued; we measured a good increase in serum levels and the symptoms improved significantly. DISCUSSION: Cancer patients often need to be treated with co-analgesics. At the end of life, treatment often cannot be continued due to lack of other than oral administration. Our case adds to the low evidence of pregabalin administered rectally.

[Shortage of physicians in anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine - Causes, consequences and solutions]. / Ärztemangel am Beispiel der Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin - Ursachen, Folgen und Lösungsansätze.

74% of all hospitals had vacant positions in 2011, also departments of anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine. More than 50% of these departments work with locums. There are couple of reasons for the shortage of physicians. The consequences in anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine can result in qualitative and financial loss. To solve the shortage of physicians one has to solve the reasons. Main reasons are increasing feminization of medical profession and part-time-work, work-life-balance and a poor specialised education.

[Generalist palliative care in hospitals during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic]. / Allgemeine Palliativversorgung im Krankenhaus während der ersten Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie.

BACKGROUND: In the research network of German university palliative care centers (PallPan), as part of Network University Medicine (NUM), recommendations for action were developed in regard to the care provided for seriously ill and dying patients during a pandemic. For this purpose, the experiences and needs of hospital staff working closely with patients outside of specialized palliative care units during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic were also examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nationwide online survey of 8,882 physicians, nurses and therapists working in acute inpatient care in the period from December 2020 to January 2021 by means of a newly developed and piloted questionnaire on changes, burdens and cooperation with specialized palliative care. Grouping based on the changes in the number of seriously ill and dying people in the first wave of the pandemic. Due to the exploratory character of the survey, the data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS: 505/8882 completed questionnaires were evaluated (5.7 %). 167/505 (33.1 %) of the respondents reported a lower quality of care for the critically ill and dying. 464/505 (91.8 %) reported exemptions in place for visiting the dying. The most frequently mentioned stress factor was the perceived loneliness of the seriously ill and dying 437/505 (86.5 %), followed by stricter hygiene rules 409/505 (81 %), increased workload 372/505 (73.3 %) and perceived psychological stress on relatives and survivors 395/505 (78.2 %). 141/505 (27.9 %) of respondents used Tablet PCs to support patient-family communication. 310/505 (61.4 %) involved palliative care professionals in patient care, and 356/505 (70.5 %) of respondents found other palliative care services helpful. CONCLUSION: Experiences and suggestions for improving palliative care in pandemic times are integrated into the PallPan recommendations for action. Family visits should be allowed and supplemented by digital offers. Palliative Care should also be integrated into both pandemic and contingency plans.

Admission of a Terminally Ill Lung Cancer Patient With the Accidental Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 to a Palliative Care Unit Resulting in a SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses challenges for palliative care. Terminal patients cannot wear masks and may demonstrate unspecific symptoms reminiscent of those caused by COVID-19. This report is about a terminally ill patient with lung cancer who displayed fever, cough, and fatigue. During hospital admission screening, the patient tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. When admitting his wife to stay with him, she also had to test for SARS-CoV-2 and displayed a positive test result. Until the positive results were reported, six staff members were infected with SARS-CoV-2, even though they were routinely wearing respirators. This resulted in the palliative care unit having to be closed. Hospitals need strict and adequate testing and re-testing strategies even for intra-hospital transfers. Workers must strictly adhere to recommended respirator practices. Ventilation of patient rooms is essential due to the possible enrichment of particle aerosols containing viruses, as negative pressure rooms are not recommended in all countries.

Screening for Palliative Care Needs: Pilot Data From German Comprehensive Cancer Centers.

PURPOSE: Guidelines recommend several screening tools to identify patients with complex palliative needs. This diversity and lack of structural recommendations offer a wide scope for implementing screening. Against this background, the current status of implementation at German Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCCs) funded by the German Cancer Aid has not yet been investigated. METHODS: e-mail survey of the 17 hospital sites of the 13 CCCs. The questionnaire asked for structural characteristics of the centers as well as preconditions of the screening process. Structurally established screening procedures (one item) and standardized workflows, modes of performance, screening tools (four items), modes of training how to screen, and responsibilities (two items) were assessed. RESULTS: In a 2-month period, 15 hospital sites responded; seven hospital sites conducted a palliative care needs (PCN) screening. Only one hospital site carried out PCN screening in almost all oncology departments, but only with the distress thermometer. Other hospital sites determined palliative needs by assessing physical symptoms using the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale or the Minimal Documentation System, and two hospital sites combined tools to determine both physical and psychological stress. The type of screening varied from paper-pencil-based to tablet computer-based documentation. The main barriers to implementation were identified as a lack of human resources and a lack of structural conditions. CONCLUSION: There is a lack of consensus among palliative care specialists and oncologists in the CCCs supported by the German Cancer Aid in PCN screening as well as of structured guidelines and the professional association. Structural requirements should be adapted to these needs, which include both technical and human resources. A combined psycho-oncologic and palliative care screening might help to formulate best practice recommendations.

Utility of the integrated palliative care outcome scale (IPOS): a cross-sectional study in hospitalised patients with heart failure.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability and comprehensibility of the integrated palliative care outcome scale for the evaluation of palliative care needs in patients with heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: This cross-sectional study investigated 100 heart failure patients (40 women, 60 men; median age 79 years) within the first few days of their hospitalisation by applying the integrated palliative care outcome scale (3-day recall period) and two additional self-developed questions about the suitability and comprehensibility of the integrated palliative care outcome scale. Clinically relevant somatic and psycho-emotional symptoms were reported very frequently (approximately 75% each), followed by communicational needs or practical issues. Ninety-five per cent of patients thought the integrated palliative care outcome scale very easy to understand, and 91% judged the integrated palliative care outcome scale suitable to assess palliative care needs. CONCLUSION: The integrated palliative care outcome scale was well accepted by hospitalised patients with heart failure and identified a high burden of both physical and psycho-emotional symptoms. Screening for palliative care has to consider patients and their relatives alike, and should be part of a comprehensive care concept jointly integrated into clinical routine by primary and specialised palliative care teams.

[Regional anesthesia as a useful alternative to general anesthesia? Overview of the current data]. / Regionalanästhesie als sinnvolle Alternative zur Allgemeinanästhesie? Uberblick über die aktuelle Datenlage.

Neuromuscular disorders are rare and often not very well diagnosed diseases. They can be separated in prejunctional, junctional or postjunctional diseases. General anesthesia is connected with a higher risk, therefore regional anesthesia could often be regarded with favour and could be a safe alternative. Because of the lack of systematically studies and guidelines the decision choosing a regional anesthesia is always a risk-benefit-analysis. This and also the detailed preoperative neurological status must, because of forensic reason, exactly be documented.

Rendimiento de la ecografía con contraste (CEUS) en la valoración de las complicaciones del injerto renal / Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) efficiency in renal graft complications evaluation

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