[Economic index - predictor of premature aging.]

It is widely known that in economically developed countries there is an increase in the proportion of older people. However, the problem of the influence of territorial features of economic development on the rate of population aging is not sufficiently covered. The goal was to study the impact of economic development indicators (EDI) on the processes of premature aging of the population. The materials were statistical collections of the Ministry of Health of Russia and Russian Statistics Service for 2011-2019. The highest incidence was characteristic of cataracts and glaucoma. A direct correlation has been established between the EDI and the age-specific incidence index (ASII) of cataracts (r=0,31; p=0,00436). A group of regions with a high level of economic development was characterized by a higher value of ASII, which, as a rule, corresponds to the later development of the disease.

[Impaired hemostasis in elderly and senile patients with mesenteric thrombosis in COVID-19.]

In the treatment of coronavirus infections, it is important not only to understand the course of the disease, but also to understand what is happening in the human body, especially in the circulatory system, that is, which disorders lead to deterioration and further complications. Hemostasis disorder in COVID-19 plays an important role in the etiology and clinical manifestations of the disease. The ability to identify factors and risk groups for the development of thrombotic complications, the ability to dynamically interpret peripheral blood parameters and coagulograms, knowledge of diagnostic criteria for possible hemostasis disorders (for example, DIC syndrome, sepsis-associated coagulopathy, antiphospholipids, hemophagocytosis and hypercoagulation syndrome) are necessary to determine the indications for the test. Differentiated prescribing of clinically justified therapy (including anticoagulants and blood components) is important, which determines the complexity of treatment and prognosis for patients with COVID-19. This article is a review of the literature on the topic of hemostasis disorders in elderly and senile patients with mesenteric thrombosis in COVID 19 over the past few years.

[The medical significance of loneliness and social isolation in old age (literature review).]

Communication is considered as one of the basic human needs. For a long time, loneliness and social isolation were mainly considered as a psychosocial problem. However, in the recent years, there has been increasing evidence of the possible impact of loneliness and social isolation on the development and clinical course of somatic diseases. Research objectives were studying and analysis of current literature data about the medical consequences of loneliness and social isolation in the elderly cases. An analysis of the literature data shows that loneliness and social isolation affect not only the psycho-emotional status of elderly patients, but also their physical health. It has been shown that the number of available social connections affects the development and clinical course of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and outcomes of the brain stroke, immune system reactions, average life expectancy, and the risk of death caused by any causes. It has been established that the influence of social ties on the risk and clinical course of chronic non-communicable diseases is comparable to the effect of such generally accepted risk factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, environmental pollution, as well as various medical interventions (vaccination, drug therapy, etc.). Social isolation affects the risk of hospitalization and the frequency of outpatient care, poor socialization increases the risk of death from a heart attack. The results of the study show that loneliness and social isolation of the elderly cases have certain medical consequences that need to be taken into account when managing such patients.

[Characteristics of equilibrium function and the sensory organization of postural balance in women 85-95 years old.]

The purpose of this work is to establish the age-related indicators' characteristics of the effectiveness of the balance function and the postural balance sensory organization in women 85-95 years old. We examined 68 women aged 85-95 years [mean age (M±SD) 89,3±3 years]. The first age group included 37 women whose calendar age ranged from 85 to 89 years (mean age 86,9±1,6 years). The second age group included 31 women of 90-95 years (mean age: 92,1±1,4). To assess the components of the postural balance, a computer-based dynamic posturographic complex «Smart Equitest Balance Manager¼ was used. The Sensory Organization Test (SOT) was performed. Comparative assessment of the Equilibrium Score indicators in all SOT functional tests, including the Composite of all equilibrium scores, did not reveal statistically significant differences between the examined groups of women. The sensory analysis did not reveal age-related changes in somatosensory, visual and vestibular information in the control over balance, either. At the same time, the indicator of sensory preference (Ratio for sensory analysis-patient Preference) was higher in women 90-95 years old (p=0,007). In women after 89 years of age, there are no age-related changes in the sensory organization of postural control or the effectiveness of maintaining static and static-dynamic balance. No decrease in overall balance performance, as well as the adaptive capabilities of their balance function, was noticed. At the same time, long-lived women retain the effectiveness of the sensory integration process to maintain postural balance and a sense of spatial orientation, which can be considered a predictor of active longevity. In addition, centenarians retain the ability of spatial and temporal organization of postural equilibrium control, as well as the degree and order of the muscles involved to reduce the imbalance recruitment. The results obtained made it possible to designate SOT parameters that can be taken into account when predicting postural changes and life expectancy in women in old age.