[Management of neurourological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.] / Manejo del paciente neurourológico durante la pandemia COVID-19.

OBJECTIVES:  To report the recommendations of an expert panel to reorganize Neurourology units and to prioritize examinations and both conservative and surgical treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Non-systematic review of the literature and national experts' opinion summarizing the recommendations in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of neurourological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. A modified nominal group technique was used due to extraordinary meeting and mobility restrictions during COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Neurourological patients have special physiological and pathological characteristics that make them more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. For prioritization purposes, they encompass in Functional Urology patients and their management is considered non-urgentor delayable with no specific deadline of recovery from normality. However, it is important to identify individual situations jeopardising the upper urinary tract, urinary retention or predisposing to urinary infections/sepsis. A classification is provided prioritizing conservative/outpatient management and the surgical treatment of the events occurring in neurourological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: In neurourological patients we can find exceptional clinical situations in which a delayed treatment could develop irreversible changes in the upper urinary tract, advocating a more urgent treatment inspecific scenarios.

OBJETIVOS: Exponer las recomendaciones de un comité de expertos para la reorganización de las unidades de neurourología y la priorización de estudios y tratamientos durante la pandemia COVID-19.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Revisión no sistemática de la literatura científica y opinión de expertos nacionales  para resumir las recomendaciones en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de los pacientes neurourológicos durante la pandemia COVID-19. Se utiliza una técnica de grupo nominal modificada debido a las restricciones extraordinarias de reunión y movilidad durante la pandemia COVID-19. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes neurourológicos poseen características fisiopatológicas especiales que les hace más vulnerables frente a la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Han sido englobados en general en el grupo de la Urología Funcional, relegando su manejo al de las situaciones no urgentes y demorables sin plazo concreto de recuperación de la normalidad. Sin embargo, es importante identificar situaciones específicas en las que exista compromiso funcional del aparato urinario superior, retención urinaria, o desarrollo de infecciones/sepsis urinaria. Se realiza una clasificación según el nivel de prioridad tanto del manejo ambulatorio y conservador como del tratamiento quirúrgico de eventos relacionados con pacientes neurourológicos durante la pandemia COVID-19. CONCLUSIONES: En los pacientes neurourológicos encontramos situaciones clínicas excepcionales en las que un retraso de su tratamiento puede conllevar alteraciones irreversibles en el tracto urinario superior, dada su condición de vejiga de riesgo funcional, por lo que debe individualizarse un manejo más precoz en ciertos escenarios.

Idiopathic calcinosis cutis of the penis.

Calcification of the skin occurs in three main forms: dystrophic; metastatic; and idiopathic. Idiopathic calcinosis cutis of the penis is a rare event and only 4 cases have been reported. Herein we present another case in a 19-year-old man and discuss its probable pathogenic origin.

Manejo del paciente neurourológico durante la pandemia COVID-19 / Management of neurourological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

OBJETIVOS: Exponer las recomendaciones de un comité de expertos para la reorganización de las unidades de neurourología y la priorización de estudios y tratamientos durante la pandemia COVID-19. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Revisión no sistemática de la literatura científica y opinión de expertos nacionales para resumir las recomendaciones en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de los pacientes neurourológicos durante la pandemia COVID-19. Se utiliza una técnica de grupo nominal modificada debido a las restricciones extraordinarias de reunión y movilidad durante la pandemia COVID-19. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes neurourológicos poseen características fisiopatológicas especiales que les hace más vulnerables frente a la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Han sido englobados en general en el grupo de la Urología Funcional, relegando su manejo al de las situaciones no urgentes y demorables sin plazo concreto de recuperación de la normalidad. Sin embargo, es importante identificar situaciones específicas en las que exista compromiso funcional del aparato urinario superior, retención urinaria, o desarrollo de infecciones/sepsis urinaria. Se realiza una clasificación según el nivel de prioridad tanto del manejo ambulatorio y conservador como del tratamiento quirúrgico de eventos relacionados con pacientes neurourológicos durante la pandemia COVID-19. CONCLUSIONES: En los pacientes neurourológicos encontramos situaciones clínicas excepcionales en las que un retraso de su tratamiento puede conllevar alteraciones irreversibles en el tracto urinario superior, dada su condición de vejiga de riesgo funcional, por lo que debe individualizarse un manejo más precoz en ciertos escenarios

OBJECTIVES: To report the recommendations of an expert panel to reorganize Neurourology units and to prioritize examinations and both conservative and surgical treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Non-systematic review of the literature and national experts' opinion summarizing ther ecommendations in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of neurourological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. A modified nominal group technique was used due to extraordinary meeting and mobility restrictions during COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Neurourological patients have special physiological and pathological characteristics that make them more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. For prioritization purposes, they encompass in Functional Urology patients and their management is considered non-urgent or delayable with no specific deadline of recovery from normality. However, it is important to identify individual situations jeopardising the upper urinary tract, urinary retention or predisposing to urinary infections/sepsis. A classification is provided prioritizing conservative/outpatient management and the surgical treatment of the events occurring in neurourological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: In neurourological patients we can find exceptional clinical situations in which a delayed treatment could develop irreversible changes in the upper urinary tract, advocating a more urgent treatment in specific scenarios

Manejo de la hiperplasia benigna de próstata durante la pandemia COVID-19 / Benign prostatic hyperplasia management during COVID-19 pandemia

OBJETIVOS: Exponer las recomendaciones de un comité de expertos para la reorganización de las unidades de neurourología y la priorización de estudios y tratamientos durante la pandemia COVID-19. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Revisión no sistemática de la literatura científica y opinión de expertos nacionales para resumir las recomendaciones en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de los pacientes neurourológicos durante la pandemia COVID-19. Se utiliza una técnica de grupo nominal modificada debido a las restricciones extraordinarias de reunión y movilidad durante la pandemia COVID-19. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes neurourológicos poseen características fisiopatológicas especiales que les hace más vulnerables frente a la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Han sido englobados en general en el grupo de la Urología Funcional, relegando su manejo al de las situaciones no urgentes y demorables sin plazo concreto de recuperación de la normalidad. Sin embargo, es importante identificar situaciones específicas en las que exista compromiso funcional del aparato urinario superior, retención urinaria, o desarrollo de infecciones/sepsis urinaria. Se realiza una clasificación según el nivel de prioridad tanto del manejo ambulatorio y conservador como del tratamiento quirúrgico de eventos relacionados con pacientes neurourológicos durante la pandemia COVID-19. CONCLUSIONES: En los pacientes neurourológicos encontramos situaciones clínicas excepcionales en las que un retraso de su tratamiento puede conllevar alteraciones irreversibles en el tracto urinario superior, dada su condición de vejiga de riesgo funcional, por lo que debe individualizarse un manejo más precoz en ciertos escenarios

OBJECTIVES: To report the recommendations of an expert panel to reorganize Neurourology units and to prioritize examinations and both conservative and surgical treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Non-systematic review of the literature and national experts' opinion summarizing the recommendations in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of neurourological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. A modified nominal group technique was used due to extraordinary meeting and mobility restrictions during COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Neurourological patients have special physiological and pathological characteristics that make them more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. For prioritization purposes, they encompass in Functional Urology patients and their management is considered non-urgent or delayable with no specific deadline of recovery from normality. However, it is important to identify individual situations jeopardising the upper urinary tract, urinary retention or predisposing to urinary infections/sepsis. A classification is provided prioritizing conservative/outpatient management and the surgical treatment of the events occurring in neurourological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: In neurourological patients we can find exceptional clinical situations in which a delayed treatment could develop irreversible changes in the upper urinary tract, advocating a more urgent treatment in specific scenarios

[Segmentary testicular infarction]. / Infarto segmentario de testículo.

OBJECTIVE: A new case of segmental testicular infarction is reported. METHODS: A 52-year-old man presented to the emergency department with severe pain in the left testicle over a few days period. Physical examination revealed a tender induration in the upper pole of the left testicle. Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein were normal. Sonography demonstrated a poorly-defined, hypoechoic, 13 mm lesion. On power Doppler sonography, the hypoechoic area appeared completely avascular in contrast to the rest of the testicle. RESULTS: Since testicular tumor was the initial diagnosis, the patient underwent a left radical orchiectomy. Pathological study revealed a focal testicular infarction, without signs of malignancy or vasculitis. CONCLUSIONS: Segmental testicular infarction is usually diagnosed after radical orchiectomy, performed when testicular tumor is suspected. On certain occasions Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings suggested a segmental testicular infarction. However, if tumor cannot be entirely excluded, exploratory surgery is necessary.

Mullerianosis vesical / Mullerianosis of the urinary bladder

La mullerianosis vesical, entidad raramente descrita, fue definida por primera vez en 1996 por Young y Clement como la combinación de al menos 2 tipos de tejido ectópico de origen mulleriano (endometriosis, endocervicosis y endosalpingiosis) en el espesor de la pared vesical. Se ha intentado explicar su origen tanto por un mecanismo de implantación como metaplásico. El carácter cíclico de la sintomatología, que puede aparecer hasta en el 50% de las pacientes, debería hacer sospechar su presencia. Aunque la resección transuretral tiene un valor diagnóstico indudable, el carácter transmural de la lesión aconseja su exéresis completa (cistectomía parcial), como ocurrió en nuestro caso (AU)

Müllerianosis of the urinary bladder, a rare entity, was first defined by Young and Clement in 1996 as the combination of at least two types of ectopic tissue of Müllerian origin (endometriosis, endocervicosis, and endosalpingiosis) in the bladder wall. Theories of implantation or metaplasia have been proposed to explain the origin of this entity. Recurrent or cyclic symptomatology, which is reported in up to 50% of patients, is highly suspicious of müllerianosis of the bladder. Although transurethral resection is useful in diagnosis, complete removal of the lesion (partial cystectomy) is highly advisable, as performed in the patient presented herein (AU)

Multiple pilomatricoma in the context of previous seminoma: discussion on the possible relationship.

Multiple pilomatricomas are rare. In the literature, they have been associated with many conditions, although the most common association is with myotonic dystrophy. We present a new association not previously described in the literature, observed in a 28-year-old male with three pilomatricomas, who had been diagnosed with seminoma 15 months before the current diagnosis of multiple pilomatricomas. Concerning the current association, as well as many of those described in the literature, we also discuss whether they might be more than mere coincidences, maybe explained by some molecular alterations.

[Evolution of Escherichia coli antibiotic resistances in urine samples from the community]. / Evolución de la resistencia a antibióticos de Escherichia coli en muestras de orina procedentes de la comunidad.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this work are two: first, to evaluate the resistance of Escherichia coli to several antibiotics and their trends over a six-year period in strands isolated in urine samples from patients receiving health-care in general practitioner offices in our environment; and second, to evaluate if empirical treatment regimens commonly accepted in our country would be applicable in our environment depending on the results of this study. METHODS: We analyzed the urine cultures positive for Escherichia coli obtained from samples collected at the 10 primary health care centers of the health-care area of El Bierzo and Laciana (Leon, Spain) between the years 2002 and 2007. In vitro resistances of these germs to several common use antibiotics were determined: fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, tobramycin, cefuroxime, cefixime, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ampicillin. The existence of statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences in sensitivity comparing the years 2002 and 2007, including all antimicrobials except cefixime, was analyzed by the chi-square test. For cefixime we compared the results between 2002 and 2005. RESULTS: An increase of the resistance of Escherichia coli isolated in urine to all antimicrobials under study has occurred, except for nitrofurantoin, being the differences statistically significant in most cases. Nevertheless, resistances to fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin have remained below 6% throughout the study period. Resistances to tobramycin and cefuroxime were slightly over 10% and cefixime below 3.4%, although in the last one we only have data until 2005. Resistances to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, initially low, have progressively increase reaching 20.6% in 2007. The same has happened for cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ampicillin, passing 32% in 2007 in the first three cases and 62% in the last one. CONCLUSIONS: Variations in bacterial resistance patterns for Escherichia coli obliges to have an updated knowledge of them to adapt general empirical treatment uses to each specific health-care area.

[Ureteral pseudodiverticulosis. Case report]. / Pseudodiverticulosis uretral. A propósito de un caso.

OBJECTIVES: To report a new case of bilateral ureteral pseudodiverticulosis associated with a transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. METHODS: 70 year-old male patient under ambulatory study for hematuria. RESULTS: The intravenous urography (IVU) shows images of addition in relation to bilateral ureteral pseudodiverticulosis. Urine cytology and cystoscopy showed the existence of a concomitant tumor. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of ureteral pseudodiverticulosis is incidentally made on an IVU indicated for other reasons. Although it is a benign pathology, it is necessary to follow these patients because of its association with transitional cell carcinoma.

[The treatment of bladder endometriosis. Spanish literature review]. / Tratamiento de la endometriosis vesical. Revisión de la literatura española.

OBJECTIVES: To perform a comprehensive, up-to-date review of the treatment of all cases of bladder endometriosis published in Spanish language journals in our country, including those published in non-urological scientific journals. METHODS: We identified 28 cases of bladder endometriosis published in the Spanish literature. The treatment performed in each case has been studied, as well as the treatment of relapses and follow-up after definitive treatment. Age and history of caesarean section were registered. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 35 years, with a median of 34 years and limits of 27 and 48. The history of caesarean section is present in 11 cases (39%). Several therapeutic regiments have been followed. Watchful waiting was only undertaken in one case due to the absence of urinary symptoms. Three patients received medical therapy initially. Only one of them had a favourable response. The other two underwent partial cystectomy and transurethral resection (TUR) respectively due to negative response. Transurethral resection was the most frequently used therapeutic modality; it was performed in 19 patients in addition to the aforementioned case. Bladder endometriosis recurred in 7 cases after TUR. Four of these cases underwent partial cystectomy, one of them laparoscopic, and three a second transurethral resection. Partial cystectomy was the initial therapeutic option in 5 cases. 4 of them were open and 1 laparoscopic. No recurrences have been described after partial cystectomy, including those performed for TUR failures. Mean follow-up was 37 months and median follow-up 12 months, being the limits 3 and 192 months. CONCLUSIONS: To date most published cases of bladder endometriosis appear in urologic journals. The most common therapeutic modality is transurethral resection, carried out in 20 cases (71%). However, it is necessary to inform the patient about the chances of treatment failure after TUR, around 35% after this review. Finally, the reported cases treated by laparoscopic partial cystectomy have been published by gynaecologists.

[Bladder leiomyoma. A case report and literature review]. / Leiomioma vesical.

OBJECTIVES: To report a new case of bladder leiomyoma. METHODS: A 20 mm tumor of the right lateral wall of the bladder was incidentally found in a pelvic ultrasound study of a 29-year-old female. The cystogram showed the presence of a filling defect in the same side. Cystoscopy showed a right lateral wall tumor with normal mucosal cover. RESULTS: With the working diagnosis of bladder leiomyoma, transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed, and pathology confirmed the diagnosis. Postoperatively, the patient developed a calcareous plaque on the resection area which was treated by transurethral resection of the plaque and leiomyoma remainders and subsequence urine acidification. CONCLUSION: Although it is a rare tumor, in certain circumstances it is possible to establish the working preoperative diagnosis with a high index of suspicion. On the other hand, due to the benign character of the process, conservative surgery (transurethral resection in this case) offers excellent results.

[Fournier's gangrene secondary to urethral catheterization]. / Gangrena de Fournier secundaria a cateterismo uretral.

OBJECTIVES: We report one case of Fournier's gangrene secondary to urethral catheterization. METHODS: We describe the clinical case, in which the initial cause was identified, and perform a short bibliographic review. RESULTS: Although Fournier's gangrene was initially considered as idiopathic in etiology, currently it is possible to identify the entrance site of the infection. In the present case the insertion of a urethral catheter was the starting mechanism, associated with factors such as diabetes and alcoholism which favour its development. The patient was treated by surgical debridement and partial urethrectomy but finally died. CONCLUSIONS: We want to point out that urethral instrumentation should be done by expert hands due to the severity of possible complications. We should insist in the need of precocious treatment with wide spectrum antibiotics, radical debridement and complete urologic evaluation.

[Implementation of a clinical pathway for transurethral resection in benign prostatic hyperplasia]. / Implantación de una vía clínica para la resección transuretral por hiperplasia benigna de próstata.

OBJECTIVE: Clinical pathways constitute a powerful tool for reducing the variability that occurs in clinical practice. The results obtained with the use of a clinical pathway for patients undergoing transurethral resection for benign hyperplasia of the prostate (BPH) are presented. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out on a cohort of 80 consecutive patients that had undergone transurethral resection for BPH after the application of a clinical pathway (5 days hospitalization) and compared with the results of a historical cohort of 80 consecutive patients that had been treated before the application of the clinical pathway. The exclusion criteria were diabetes mellitus, anticoagulation therapy with dicoumarin and other pathologies that changed the length of the preoperative stay established in the clinical pathway. For the evaluation of the degree of satisfaction, patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire included in the pathway documents. RESULTS: 73 patients met the inclusion criteria of the clinical pathway. 67 of the 80 patients that underwent surgery before the application of the clinical pathway were valid for comparative analysis. No statistically significant differences were found between both groups for age, prostate volume measured by DRE and US, previous treatment for prostatism, anesthetic risk and weight of the resected specimen. With the application of the pathway, the mean duration of hospital stay was reduced from 6 (SD 1.7; range 4-15) to 4.9 (SD 1.4; range 3-13) days (p < 0.0001) and the duration of urethral catheterization from 4.5 (SD 1.4; range 3-13) to 3.8 (SD 1.3; range 2-11) days (p < 0.01). Statistically significant differences were found before and after the application of the clinical pathway for degree of compliance of the preestablished antimicrobial prophylaxis guidelines during hospitalisation and after discharge, and thromboembolic prophylaxis. The relative risk of complications after discharge was less after the application of the clinical pathway (RR = 0.66), although it was not statistically significant (CI: 0.41-1.05). 63 of the 73 patients included in the clinical pathway submitted the questionnaire without identifying themselves. Duration of hospitalization was considered adequate by 89%, and coincided with the programmed and actual duration according to 82.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The application of a clinical pathway for patients undergoing transurethral resection for BPH has reduced costs by reducing the length of hospital stay and adverse effects. Furthermore, reducing the variability of medical care has improved its quality.

[Ovarian vein syndrome. Report of 2 cases]. / Síndrome de la vena ovárica. Presentación de 2 casos.

OBJECTIVES: To report the clinicae characteristics and treatment of the ovarian vein syndrome. METHODS: We studied two cases of female patients with obstructive uropathy secondary to ovarian vein syndrome cared for at our department over the last 4 years. RESULTS: Both cases were treated surgically. Postoperative outcomes were satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: The ovarian vein syndrome is rare. Surgery is the treatment of choice for symptomatic cases.

[Fixed drug-induced exanthema of the glans]. / Exantema fijo medicamentoso en glande.

OBJECTIVES: To claim attention on an relatively frequent adverse reaction to drugs affecting genitalia, therefore a reason for consultation to the Urology Department. METHODS: We report a clinical case and a bibliographic review of this disease. RESULTS: Fixed drug eruption is a cutaneous eruption secondary to drug intake that appears every time the drug is taken, always in the same location, being more common in hands and feet. The course of the disease is usually progressive with increasing number of lesions after each dose of drug taken. CONCLUSIONS: Relapsing lesions in the same spot is key for the proper diagnosis of this eruption. To forbid causing drug intake is the treatment of choice, although it may be necessary to administer local or even oral corticosteroids.

[Necrosis of the penis in a diabetic patient: presentation of a case]. / Necrosis de pene en paciente diabético, presentación de un caso.

OBJECTIVES: To present a short review of the diagnosis, clinical features, and treatment of male genitalia necrosis under the format of a case report. METHODS: We review the case of a diabetic patient without good blood sugar control who suffered from various diabetic complications diagnosed and treated at our hospital of a penile necrosis. We perform a bibliographic review about male genitalia necrosis regarding its etiology, diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS: Male genitalia necrosis is a rare disease but it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The present case was diagnosed at the emergency room at our Hospital. Conservative treatment with antibiotic therapy and corticosteroid ointments was undertaken successfully. CONCLUSIONS: To perform an etiologic evaluation of the necrosis (dry or infectious) is important to select the right treatment. The high mortality of these diseases requires a precise and early diagnosis, since this influences the good or bad evolution of the disease.

[Intra-scrotal lithiasis. Crystallographic analysis]. / Litiasis intraescrotal. Análisis cristalográfico.

OBJECTIVE: To present two cases of intrascrotal lithiasis associated with hydrocele and the results of the crystallographic study. METHODS: Three intrascrotal calculi in two patients aged 72 and 75 years that underwent surgery for hydrocele were analyzed. Two 2-mm. calculi were incidentally discovered during surgery for a right hydrocele in one patient. An ultrasound scan of the other patient showed a left hydrocele with a free-floating, round, hyperechoic, 6-mm. calculus, with posterior acoustic shadow. None of the patients had a previous history of trauma. The 3 calculi were white and smooth, but turned yellow and rough after removal. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray dispersion studies were performed. RESULTS: All 3 calculi had a center comprised of hydroxyapatite and white organic matter, and an exterior of yellow organic matter. The mineral portion of the center of the 6-mm. calculus and one of the 2-mm. calculi was composed of 33% phosphorus and 67% calcium, and the other 2-mm. calculus contained 32% phosphorus and 68% calcium by x-ray dispersion analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Intrascrotal lithiasis is rare. In the two cases described herein, we observed abundant organic matter, particularly on the stone surface, and hydroxyapatite, particularly in the center. Among the possible etiologic causes, the deposit of organic matter in the presence of high oversaturation of calcium phosphates and absence of crystallization inhibitors, can initiate calcification and the subsequent collection of organic matter makes the process irreversible.

Infarto segmentario de testículo / Segmentary testicular infarction

OBJETIVO: Se presenta un nuevo caso de infarto segmentario de testiculo.METODOS: Paciente de 52 anos que solicito valoracion por dolor en hemiescroto izquierdo de varios dias de evolucion. En la exploracion fisica presentaba una induracion palpable, dolorosa al tacto, en el polo superior del testiculo izquierdo. Los marcadores tumorales (ƒÀ-hCG y ƒ¿-fetoproteina) fueron normales. En el estudio ultrasonografico se aprecio una lesion nodular hipoecogenica intratesticular izquierda de 13 mm de diametro, de bordes ligeramente irregulares, que no mostraba flujo en el analisis con Doppler color.RESULTADO: Con el diagnostico de tumoracion testicular izquierda se realizo orquiectomia por via inguinal. Al corte dicha induracion se correspondia con un nodulo bien delimitado. El estudio histopatologico mostro que la lesion correspondia a un infarto testicular segmentario, sin evidencia de malignidad ni signos de vasculitis.CONCLUSIONES: La forma mas habitual de diagnostico del infarto segmentario de testiculo se produce durante el estudio histopatologico de las piezas de orquiectomia radical realizadas por sospecha de tumor.La ultrasonografia con Doppler y la resonancia magnetica nuclear tienen alta fiabilidad diagnostica, si bien puede resultar dificil descartar categoricamente un tumor de testiculo. En estos casos se puede recurrir a la exploracion con biopsia que confirme la lesion isquemica no tumoral(AU)

OBJECTIVE: A new case of segmental testicu-lar infarction is reported.METHODS: A 52-year-old man presented to the emergency department with severe pain in the left testicle over a few days period. Physical examination revealed a tender indura-tion in the upper pole of the left testicle. ƒÀ-human chorionic gonadotropin and ƒ¿-fetoprotein were normal. Sonography demonstrated a poorly-defined, hypoechoic, 13 mm lesion. On power Doppler sonography, the hypoechoic area appeared completely avascular in contrast to the rest of the testicle.RESULTS: Since testicular tumor was the initial diagnosis, the patient underwent a left radical orchiectomy. Pathological study revealed a focal testicular infarction, without signs of malignancy or vasculitis.CONCLUSIONS: Segmental testicular infarction is usually diagnosed after radical orchiectomy, performed when testi-cular tumor is suspected.On certain occasions Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings suggested a segmental testicular infarction. However, if tumor cannot be entirely excluded, exploratory surgery is necessary(AU)

[Urinary stone in a Bricker's ileal conduit]. / Litiasis en conducto urinario tipo Bricker.

OBJECTIVES: To report one case of urinary stone as a relatively frequent complications of urinary diversion using bowel loops. METHODS: We perform a short bibliographic review using the case report format. RESULTS: Stone formation in Bricker's type urinary diversion is secondary to various factors such as urinary stasis, bacteriuria, presence of intestinal mucus, metallic sutures, metabolic disturbances, etc. CONCLUSIONS: Periodic control by radiological studies is recommended due to the high frequency of this complication in patients with urinary diversion. Treatment is usually conservative or minimally invasive, being surgery reserved for those cases in which stone extraction is not safe using other methods.

[Acute scrotum secondary to testicular tumor]. / Escroto agudo secundario a tumor testicular.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of testicular tumor, classified as seminoma, with a very uncommon form of presentation since it presented as acute scrotum. METHODS: The clinical features, treatment and outcome of this uncommon condition are presented. RESULTS: A review of the literature showed that this form of presentation is rare although in the present case it is impossible to determine if testicular inflammation was due to tumor necrosis or infection from the associated hydrocele. CONCLUSIONS: Testicular tumor should be considered in all male patients aged 20 to 35 years with acute scrotum.