Internet, video game and mobile phone addiction in children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD: A case-control study. / Adicción a Internet, videojuegos y teléfonos móviles en niños y adolescentes: Un estudio de casos y controles.

The use of new technologies has become widespread worldwide. There is increasing concern about "Internet addiction disorder" (IAD), "Internet gaming disorder" (IGD), and "Mobile phone addiction" (MPA). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been associated with IAD and IGD. However, evidence is lacking about the relationship between ADHD and MPA. Naturalistic case-control study. 112 patients (51 children with and 61 children without ADHD) between 7 and 17 years old were compared regarding IAD, IGD, and MPA. We used the TEA questionnaire for the assessment of executive function and ADHD (ATENTO), and the ADITEC questionnaire to get gender-differentiated information for IAD, IGD, and MPA. Female children scored higher on MPA (Mean ± Standard Deviation, M ± SD) (25.93 ±  17.64 vs. 14.77 ±  19.43, p=0.03), while male children scored higher on IGD (30.09 ± 21.65 vs. 12.51 ± 16.61, p < 10^-3). Severity of hyperactivity/impulsivity and IGD were moderately correlated (r=0.349, p=0.013), but the correlation disappeared after controlling for the impact on the social domain as measured by the ATENTO questionnaire (r=171, p=0.250). Most parents are concerned that their children may be addicted to IAD/IGD/MPA. Female gender is associated with MPA, while male gender is associated with IGD. ADHD is a risk factor for developing IAD and IGD. Combined type and predominantly hyperactive/impulsive ADHD are each associated with IGD. Good social adjustment protects against developing IGD. There are gender vulnerabilities for IAD/IGD/MPA. ADHD is a risk factor for IGD, but good social adjustment buffers this association.

El uso de las nuevas tecnologías se ha generalizado a nivel mundial. Hay una creciente preocupación respecto del «trastorno de adicción a Internet¼ (TAI), el «trastorno de juego en Internet¼ (TJI) y la «adicción al teléfono móvil¼ (ATM). El trastorno por el déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) se ha asociado con el TAI y el TJI. Sin embargo, falta evidencia sobre la relación entre el TDAH y la ATM. Estudio naturalista de casos y controles. Comparación de 112 pacientes (51 niños con el TDAH y 61 niños sin el TDAH) con edades entre 7-17 años respecto del TAI, el TJI y la ATM. Utilizamos el cuestionario de TEA para evaluar la función ejecutiva y el TDAH (ATENTO) y el cuestionario ADITEC para obtener información diferenciada por género para el TAI, el TJI y la ATM. Las niñas obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en la ATM (desviación típica ± media, DT ± M) (25,93 ± 17,64 vs. 14,77 ± 19,43, p = ,03), mientras que los niños obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en el TJI (30,09 ± 21,65 vs. 12,51 ± 16,61, p < 10

[Impact of vortioxetine on sexual function compared to other antidepressants]. / Repercusión de vortioxetina sobre la función sexual frente a otros antidepresivos.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of the antidepressant vortioxetine on sexual function, compared to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and mixed selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (IRSN or Dual) in patients with depression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analytical, observational, longitudinal and prospective study, which included men and women over 18years of age, with depressive disorder and sexual activity with a partner, separating them into two groups: (i)study, starting treatment with vortioxetine; (2)control, maintaining treatment with SSRIs or Duals. Three visits were made: inclusion, follow-up at 4weeks and final 3months from inclusion. The total follow-up period was 3months. RESULTS: A total of 87 patients were included (mean age 46.85years). At the end of the study, significant differences (SD) were found in the mean value of the sum of the scores of the evaluative domains of the sexual response of the Women's Sexual Function Questionnaire (FSM-2) between the study group and the control (22.42±4.39 and 16.13±7.76, respectively), with a lower risk of sexual dysfunction in women treated with vortioxetine. Also, lower risk of sexual dysfunction in these same women in the domains of desire, lubrication, orgasm, sexual frequency and sexual satisfaction. These differences were not found when assessing male sexual function. CONCLUSIONS: Women treated with vortioxetine presented better sexual function than those treated with SSRIs or Duals and a lower risk of sexual dysfunction.

Prevalence and European comparison of dementia in a ≥75-year-old composite population in Spain.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate dementia prevalence in Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine probabilistic and geographically defined samples participated. A screening design based on the MMSE was implemented. Positively screened individuals underwent clinical evaluation. The total number of cases in Spain was estimated. Prevalence was confronted to that of other European countries. RESULTS: Five hundred and forty-six persons aged ≥75 participated, 49 had dementia (35 with Alzheimer's disease [AD], 10 with vascular dementia [VD], 4 other; 25 first diagnosed in the study). Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence and estimated nationwide cases were 7.5% (95% CI 5.4-9.7), 5.6 (95% CI 3.7-7.5) and 1.4 (95% CI 0.5-2.3), and 290,000 (95% CI 208,000-372,000), 214,000 (95% CI 141,000-288,000) and 54,000 (95% CI 20,000-88,000) for dementia, AD and VD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Dementia prevalence in Spain is comparable to other European populations, while a high number of undiagnosed cases live in the community. The potential impact of Mediterranean diet, hypertension control and decreasing vascular risk factors is discussed.

Functional analysis of CYP1B1 mutations and association of heterozygous hypomorphic alleles with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Glaucoma is an inherited complex and heterogeneous disease, and one of the most prevalent causes of definitive blindness in the world. Recent reports have indicated that heterozygous mutations of the CYTOCHOROME P4501B1 (CYP1B1) gene are present in 4-10% of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). To further evaluate the role of CYP1B1 mutations in POAG we extended our previous association study and carried out a functional analysis of the mutations identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA sequencing of the three exons of the gene in a total of 245 unrelated Spanish patients and 326 control subjects. Eight of nine different mutations identified in these patients were cloned and functionally assessed by measuring ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation activity and CYP1B1 stability in transiently transfected HEK-293T cells. All these mutants showed reduced catalytic activity, ranging from 20% to 60% of wild-type and/or decreased protein stability and, therefore, they were classified as hypomorphic alleles. No null alleles were identified in these patients. We found heterozygous hypomorphic CYP1B1 mutations in 17 (6.7%) patients and in seven controls (2.1%) showing that these mutations are associated with an increased risk of POAG (p = 0.005; odds ratio = 3.2; 95% confidence interval = 1.30-9.19). Our data suggest that hypomorphic CYP1B1 mutations are, to date, the main known genetic risk factor in POAG.

[Design and validation of the second edition of the Women's Sexual Function Questionnaire, FSM-2]. / Diseño y validación de la segunda edición del Cuestionario de Función Sexual de la Mujer, FSM-2.

OBJECTIVE: To design and validate the second edition of the Female Sexual Function questionnaire (FSF-2). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional and multicentre study was conducted on 187 women (18-70 years) who completed a test (preliminary questionnaire FSF-2), and then answered a structured anamnesis on female sexual function. Four weeks later they completed a retest, which was equal to the test but with an additional question about possible influence of recent events in their sex life. RESULTS: The mean age of the women was 43.51 years. Internal consistency of the questionnaire: Cronbach's α of the 0.919 test, of structured anamnesis 0.921, of the 0.920 retest. Test-retest reliability: mean test scores 30.53 ± 8.605, retest 30.05 ± 8.770, without significant differences. Correlation between total test and retest scores (intraclass correlation coefficient) 0.960, significant (P<.01); between total test scores and structured anamnesis 0.977, significant (P<.01). Concordance between test questions and structured anamnesis (kappa index), minimum 0.706, maximum 0.915; between test and retest questions, minimum 0.630, maximum 0.802. Content validity by expert consensus. Criteria validity: specificity of the questionnaire exceeding 90% for all items/domains, sensitivity greater than 80%, except for items 5, 6, 9 (70-80%). Validity of the construct through factor analysis, grouping of items into 2 components (they explain 66.586% of variance). CONCLUSIONS: The FSF-2 questionnaire is reliable and valid. It evaluates the sexual response of women, describing important aspects of their sexual activity as a couple: anticipatory anxiety, initiative, confidence to communicate, preferences and events that may influence. It can detect sexual dysfunction in the couple.

[Design and validation of a Male Sexual Function Questionnaire]. / Diseño y validación del Cuestionario de Función Sexual del Hombre, FSH.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to design and validate a questionnaire on Male Sexual Function (MSF) in the Spanish language, following the criteria contemplated in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-5, for the diagnosis of sexual dysfunctions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional and multicentre study was conducted on 163 men (18-70 years) who self-completed a test (MSF questionnaire). They then answered questions on the Structured History of Male Sexual Function (AMSF). Four weeks later they completed a re-test, which was the same, but including a supplementary question about the possible influence of recent events. RESULTS: Internal consistency: Cronbach's α test 0.840, AMSF 0.835, retest 0.855. Test-retest reliability: mean test scores 33.13±6.566, retest 33.11±6.791; Student t 0.122, not significant (P=.903); correlation total test-retest scores (intraclass correlation coefficient) 0.979, significant correlation (P<.01); total correlations test-AMSF scores (intraclass correlation coefficient) 0.966, significant correlation (P<.01). Concordance: between questions of the AMSF test (Kappa index) minimum 0.749, maximum 0.934; between test-retest questions: 0.724, 0.844. Content validity using expert consensus. Criteria validity: specificity>90% for all items / domains, sensitivity>80% except item 4 (76%). Content validity: using factor analysis, grouping of items into 4 components (explain 75% variance); high correlation between "sexual desire" and "confidence in erection". CONCLUSIONS: The MSF questionnaire is reliable, stable and valid, with high specificity and sensitivity. It evaluates the sexual response of the male, describing aspects of interest: anticipatory anxiety, initiative, confidence to communicate preferences, events that may influence. Can detect sexual dysfunction in the couple.

Consistency of clinical diagnosis of dementia in NEDICES: A population-based longitudinal study in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Few longitudinal studies have verified the clinical diagnosis of dementia based on clinical examinations. We evaluated the consistency of the clinical diagnosis of dementia over a period of 3 years of follow-up in a population-based, cohort study of older people in central Spain. METHODS: Individuals (N = 5278) were evaluated at baseline (1994-1995) and at follow-up (1997-1998). The evaluation included a screening questionnaire for dementia and a neurological assessment. RESULTS: Dementia screening consisted of a 37-item version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ). Study neurologists investigated those participants who screened positively (N = 713) as well as 843 who had screened negatively to test the sensitivity of the screening instruments or because they had a positive screening for other chronic neurological diseases. We detected 295 patients among those who screened positive and 13 among those who screened negatively. Three years follow-up evaluation demonstrated 14 diagnostic errors at baseline (4.5%) leading to a final number of 306 patients with dementia. The corrected prevalence of dementia was 5.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.2-6.5). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of dementia was highly accurate in this population-based, Spanish cohort study, and our prevalence figures agree with other European surveys. Given the high cost and difficulties of population rescreening and its relatively low yield, we conclude that a single 2-phase investigation (screening followed by clinical examination) provides accurate information for most population-based prevalence studies of dementia.

VHL protein alterations in sporadic renal cell carcinoma.

AIMS: The vhl gene is a tumour suppressor gene implicated in renal tumorigenesis in both familial and sporadic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Alterations in the gene may modify its suppressor function and allow the formation of renal tumours. The purpose of this study was to determine the existence of vhl gene mutations in renal tumour tissue among patients with sporadic RCC and to assess the effects on the structure of the VHL protein. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an observational, analytical and descriptive study of 96 patients who had undergone surgery for sporadic RCC. In surgical specimens of tumour tissue, the three exons of the vhl gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and subjected to automatic sequencing. The consequences of the mutations detected on the VHL protein were analysed, taking into account the physical and chemical properties of the amino acids changed by the mutations, the location of the alterations in the protein sequence, the degree of conservation throughout evolution, and prediction of the secondary structure of the protein. RESULTS: In total, 22 vhl gene mutations were detected in 21 (21.9%) patients; in particular, 13 exonic point mutations consisting of 11 sense mutations, one silent mutation and one missense mutation, plus five exon deletions and one insertion. The remaining three were intronic mutations. All changes occurred in protein functional domains and in regions that have been well conserved throughout evolution. Two-thirds of the intronic mutations were considered relevant for protein function. Among the mutations detected, 72.7% were considered capable of compromising the VHL protein suppressor function. CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in the vhl gene result in amino acid changes in the protein that usually occur at important functional sites that have been conserved throughout evolution and where the binding domains for other proteins are located and exert their suppressor function.

Adicción a Internet, videojuegos y teléfonos móviles en niños y adolescentes: Un estudio de casos y controles / Internet, video game and mobile phone addiction in children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD: A case-control study

El uso de las nuevas tecnologías se ha generalizado a nivel mundial.Hay una creciente preocupación respecto del «trastorno de adicción aInternet» (TAI), el «trastorno de juego en Internet» (TJI) y la «adicciónal teléfono móvil» (ATM). El trastorno por el déficit de atención conhiperactividad (TDAH) se ha asociado con el TAI y el TJI. Sin embargo, falta evidencia sobre la relación entre el TDAH y la ATM. Estudionaturalista de casos y controles. Comparación de 112 pacientes (51 niños con el TDAH y 61 niños sin el TDAH) con edades entre 7-17 añosrespecto del TAI, el TJI y la ATM. Utilizamos el cuestionario de TEApara evaluar la función ejecutiva y el TDAH (ATENTO) y el cuestionario ADITEC para obtener información diferenciada por género para elTAI, el TJI y la ATM. Las niñas obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas enla ATM (desviación típica ± media, DT ± M) (25,93 ± 17,64 vs. 14,77 ±19,43, p = ,03), mientras que los niños obtuvieron puntuaciones másaltas en el TJI (30,09 ± 21,65 vs. 12,51 ± 16,61, p < 10-3). Hubo una correlación moderada entre la gravedad de hiperactividad/impulsividady el TJI (r = ,349, p = ,013), pero la correlación desapareció después decontrolar por el impacto en el ámbito social según las mediciones delcuestionario ATENTO (r = 171, p = ,250). A la mayoría de los padres lespreocupa que sus hijos puedan tener el TAI, el TJI o la ATM. El génerofemenino está asociado con la ATM, mientras que el género masculinoestá asociado con el TJI. El TDAH es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo del TAI y el TJI. El TDAH del tipo combinado y de predominiode hiperactividad/impulsividad están asociados con el TJI. Un buenajuste social protege contra el desarrollo del TJI. Hay vulnerabilidadesde género para el TAI, el TJI y la ATM. El TDAH es un factor de riesgopara el TJI, pero un buen ajuste social amortigua esta asociación. (AU)

The use of new technologies has become widespread worldwide.There is increasing concern about “Internet addiction disorder”(IAD), “Internet gaming disorder” (IGD), and “Mobile phone addiction” (MPA). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) hasbeen associated with IAD and IGD. However, evidence is lacking aboutthe relationship between ADHD and MPA. Naturalistic case-controlstudy. 112 patients (51 children with and 61 children without ADHD)between 7 and 17 years old were compared regarding IAD, IGD, andMPA. We used the TEA questionnaire for the assessment of executivefunction and ADHD (ATENTO), and the ADITEC questionnaire toget gender-differentiated information for IAD, IGD, and MPA. Femalechildren scored higher on MPA (Mean ± Standard Deviation, M ± SD)(25.93 ± 17.64 vs. 14.77 ± 19.43, p=0.03), while male children scoredhigher on IGD (30.09 ± 21.65 vs. 12.51 ± 16.61, p<10-3). Severity of hyperactivity/impulsivity and IGD were moderately correlated (r=0.349,p=0.013), but the correlation disappeared after controlling for the impact on the social domain as measured by the ATENTO questionnaire(r=171, p=0.250). Most parents are concerned that their children maybe addicted to IAD/IGD/MPA. Female gender is associated with MPA,while male gender is associated with IGD. ADHD is a risk factor fordeveloping IAD and IGD. Combined type and predominantly hyperactive/impulsive ADHD are each associated with IGD. Good socialadjustment protects against developing IGD. There are gender vulnerabilities for IAD/IGD/MPA. ADHD is a risk factor for IGD, butgood social adjustment buffers this association. (AU)

Photoperiod-temperature and neuroblast proliferation-migration in the adult lizard cortex.

The lizard medial cortex (a zone homologous to the mammalian fascia dentata) shows delayed postnatal neurogenesis throughout the lifetime of these animals. Experimental lesioning of this area is followed by neuronal regeneration, a unique phenomenon in the adult amniote telencephalon. The differential effects of temperature and photoperiod on postnatal neurogenetic activity were studied using tritiated thymidine pulses and posterior autoradiography as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining. Long (summer) photoperiods increased the number of proliferating neuroblasts in the ependymal neuroepithelium. Cold (winter) temperature prevented migration of the newly generated immature neurones.

[Cultural characteristics of some ectomycorrhizal fungi in pure culture]. / Características culturales de algunos hongos ectomicorrícicos en cultivo puro.

Macro and microscopic features for 21 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi are presented, with regard to their particular importance as possible taxonomic criteria. The culture media used are MMN and BAF. Cultural characteristics of some of our isolates, like color or morphology of the mycelia, were comparable to those observed by different authors for the same species, or species which are closely related taxonomically, as for example Boletus satanas and Lactarius deliciosus in BAF media, or Hebeloma edurum, Lycoperdon perlatum, Paxillus atrotomentosus, Rhizopogon roseolus and Suillus collinitus in MMN media. Macroscopically the color of mycelia, the amount of aerial mycelia and microscopically the exudates and the presence of inflated and flexuous cells were the most variable characteristics within species.

[Detection and diagnosis of the premature ejaculation in the clinical practice]. / Detección y diagnóstico de la eyaculación precoz en la práctica clínica.

Recently, a new classification of the premature ejaculation has been proposed. According to this classification, four clinical forms are distinguished: primary premature ejaculation, secondary or acquired premature ejaculation, normal variant that appears in certain situations and a false premature ejaculation that is given in misinformed patients or with exaggerate sexual expectations. To know these clinical forms is important for the clinical boarding of this sexual disorder. In the same way, the detection of premature ejaculation in medical practise requires doctors being receptive and suitable to make an active detection into risk groups for this sexual dysfunction, also describe in the present work. Furthermore, essential aspects of the clinical interview in patients with premature ejaculation, criteria to get an accurate diagnosis, and basic aspects of the physical exploration, complementary studies and main specific questionnaires are described.

Repercusión de vortioxetina sobre la función sexual frente a otros antidepresivos / Impact of vortioxetine on sexual function compared to other antidepressants

Objetivo Analizar la repercusión del antidepresivo vortioxetina sobre la función sexual, frente a inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS) e inhibidores selectivos mixtos de la recaptación de serotonina y noradrenalina (IRSN o Duales) en pacientes con depresión. Material y métodos Estudio analítico, observacional, longitudinal y prospectivo en el que se incluyeron hombres y mujeres mayores de 18años con trastorno depresivo y actividad sexual en pareja, separándolos en dos grupos: 1)de estudio: inician tratamiento con vortioxetina; 2)control: mantienen tratamiento con ISRS o Duales. Se realizaron tres visitas: inclusión, seguimiento a las 4semanas y final 3meses desde la inclusión. El periodo total de seguimiento fue de 3meses. Resultados Se incluyeron 87 pacientes (edad media, 46,85años). Al final del estudio se hallaron diferencias significativas (DS) en el valor medio de la suma de las puntuaciones de los dominios evaluadores de la respuesta sexual del cuestionario de Función Sexual de la Mujer (FSM-2) entre el grupo de estudio y el de control (22,42±4,39 y 16,13±7,76, respectivamente), con menor riesgo de disfunción sexual en las mujeres tratadas con vortioxetina. También menor riesgo de disfunción sexual en estas mismas mujeres en los dominios de deseo, lubricación, orgasmo, frecuencia sexual y satisfacción sexual. Estas diferencias no se hallaron al evaluar la función sexual masculina. Conclusiones Las mujeres tratadas con vortioxetina presentaron mejor función sexual que las tratadas con ISRS o Duales y menor riesgo de disfunción sexual (AU)

Objective To analyze the impact of the antidepressant vortioxetine on sexual function, compared to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and mixed selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (IRSN or Dual) in patients with depression. Material and methods Analytical, observational, longitudinal and prospective study, which included men and women over 18years of age, with depressive disorder and sexual activity with a partner, separating them into two groups: (i)study, starting treatment with vortioxetine; (2)control, maintaining treatment with SSRIs or Duals. Three visits were made: inclusion, follow-up at 4weeks and final 3months from inclusion. The total follow-up period was 3months. Results A total of 87 patients were included (mean age 46.85years). At the end of the study, significant differences (SD) were found in the mean value of the sum of the scores of the evaluative domains of the sexual response of the Women's Sexual Function Questionnaire (FSM-2) between the study group and the control (22.42±4.39 and 16.13±7.76, respectively), with a lower risk of sexual dysfunction in women treated with vortioxetine. Also, lower risk of sexual dysfunction in these same women in the domains of desire, lubrication, orgasm, sexual frequency and sexual satisfaction. These differences were not found when assessing male sexual function. Conclusions Women treated with vortioxetine presented better sexual function than those treated with SSRIs or Duals and a lower risk of sexual dysfunction (AU)

[The medical history taking in sexual health: skills and attitudes]. / La anamnesis en la historia clínica en salud sexual: habilidades y actitudes.

A sexual satisfactory life favourably affects quality of life, there being evidence that shows there are multiple organic processes of which sexual dysfunction is often a precocious sign of underlying organic disease (cardiovascular, endocrinological or neurological). Difficulties exist in recording the sexual anamnesis on the part of the professional, the patient, or by the health system. Nevertheless, given its importance, it is necessary for the doctor to adopt an attitude of active search, especially among the population of risk. To do this, it is necessary that the situation is propitious (sense of the opportunity), preserving the confidentiality of the meeting, and it will be carried out naturally and with empathy, adopting a listening attitude, taking into account the non-verbal language, without issuing valued judgments, and resorting to assertivity to overcome the resistances. This article proposes guidelines to perform an anamnesis adequately.

Diseño y validación del Cuestionario de Función Sexual del Hombre, FSH / Design and validation of a Male Sexual Function Questionnaire

OBJETIVO: Diseñar y validar el cuestionario de Función Sexual del Hombre, FSH, en lengua española, siguiendo los criterios del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales, DSM-5, para el diagnóstico de las disfunciones sexuales. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal y multicéntrico, realizado en 163 hombres (18-70 años) que autocumplimentaron un test (cuestionario FSH preliminar), respondiendo después una anamnesis estructurada sobre función sexual del hombre (AFSH). Cuatro semanas más tarde autocumplimentaron un retest, igual al test pero con una pregunta suplementaria sobre posible influencia de acontecimientos recientes. RESULTADOS: Consistencia interna: α de Cronbach test 0,840; AFSH 0,835; retest 0,855. Fiabilidad test-retest: puntuaciones medias del test 33,13±6,566; retest 33,11±6,791; t de Student 0,122, no significativa (p = 0,903); correlación puntuaciones totales test-retest (coeficiente correlación intraclase) 0,979, correlación significativa (p < 0,01); correlaciones puntuaciones totales test-AFSH (coeficiente correlación intraclase) 0,966, correlación significativa (p < 0,01). Concordancia: entre preguntas del test-AFSH (índice Kappa) mínima 0,749; máxima 0,934; entre preguntas del test-retest 0,724; 0,844. Validez de contenidos mediante consenso de expertos. Validez de criterio: especificidad>90% para todos los ítems/dominios, sensibilidad>80% salvo ítem 4 (76%). Validez de constructo: mediante análisis factorial, agrupación de ítems en 4 componentes (explican el 75% de varianza); elevada correlación entre «deseo sexual» y «confianza en la erección». CONCLUSIONES: El cuestionario FSH es fiable, estable y válido, siendo su especificidad y sensibilidad altas. Evalúa la respuesta sexual del hombre describiendo aspectos de interés: ansiedad anticipatoria, iniciativa, confianza para comunicar preferencias, acontecimientos que puedan influir. Puede detectar disfunción sexual en la pareja

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to design and validate a questionnaire on Male Sexual Function (MSF) in the Spanish language, following the criteria contemplated in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-5, for the diagnosis of sexual dysfunctions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional and multicentre study was conducted on 163 men (18-70 years) who self-completed a test (MSF questionnaire). They then answered questions on the Structured History of Male Sexual Function (AMSF). Four weeks later they completed a re-test, which was the same, but including a supplementary question about the possible influence of recent events. RESULTS: Internal consistency: Cronbach's α test 0.840, AMSF 0.835, retest 0.855. Test-retest reliability: mean test scores 33.13±6.566, retest 33.11±6.791; Student t 0.122, not significant (P=.903); correlation total test-retest scores (intraclass correlation coefficient) 0.979, significant correlation (P<.01); total correlations test-AMSF scores (intraclass correlation coefficient) 0.966, significant correlation (P<.01). Concordance: between questions of the AMSF test (Kappa index) minimum 0.749, maximum 0.934; between test-retest questions: 0.724, 0.844. Content validity using expert consensus. Criteria validity: specificity>90% for all items / domains, sensitivity>80% except item 4 (76%). Content validity: using factor analysis, grouping of items into 4 components (explain 75% variance); high correlation between "sexual desire" and "confidence in erection". CONCLUSIONS: The MSF questionnaire is reliable, stable and valid, with high specificity and sensitivity. It evaluates the sexual response of the male, describing aspects of interest: anticipatory anxiety, initiative, confidence to communicate preferences, events that may influence. Can detect sexual dysfunction in the couple

Introducción: Eyaculación precoz: conocerla, diagmosticarla y corregirla / No disponible

No disponible

Detección y diagnóstico de la eyaculación precoz en la práctica clínica / Detection and diagnosis of the premature ejaculation in the clinical practice

Recientemente se ha propuesto una nueva clasificación de la eyaculación precoz o prematura. Según esta clasificación se distinguen 4 formas clínicas: eyaculación prematura primaria, eyaculación prematura secundaria o adquirida, una variante normal que aparece en determinadas situaciones y una falsa eyaculación prematura que se da en pacientes desinformados o con expectativas sexuales irreales. Conocer estas formas clínicas es importante para el abordaje clínico de este trastorno sexual. Del mismo modo, para detectar la eyaculación prematura en consulta es necesario que el médico se muestre receptivo, siendo conveniente realizar una búsqueda activa entre los grupos de riesgo para esta disfunción sexual, que son descritos en el presente trabajo. También se describen los aspectos esenciales de la entrevista clínica en pacientes con eyaculación prematura, los criterios a tener en cuenta para alcanzar un diagnóstico certero, así como los aspectos básicos de la exploración física, los estudios complementarios y los principales cuestionarios específicos

Recently, a new classification of the premature ejaculation has been proposed. According to this classification, four clinical forms are distinguished: primary premature ejaculation, secondary or acquired premature ejaculation, normal variant that appears in certain situations and a false premature ejaculation that is given in misinformed patients or with exaggerate sexual expectations. To know these clinical forms is important for the clinical boarding of this sexual disorder. In the same way, the detection of premature ejaculation in medical practise requires doctors being receptive and suitable to make an active detection into risk groups for this sexual dysfunction, also describe in the present work. Furthermore, essential aspects of the clinical interview in patients with premature ejaculation, criteria to get an accurate diagnosis, and basic aspects of the physical exploration, complementary studies and main specific questionnaires are described