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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Influenza is a common cause of acute respiratory infection, with headache being one of the symptoms included in the European Commission case definition. The prevalence of headache as a symptom of influenza remains unknown. We aimed to describe the incidence and prevalence of headache in patients with influenza. METHODS: All consecutive patients who met the definition criteria of influenza-like illness during the influenza seasons 2010-2011 through 2021-2022 were included. The seasonal cumulative incidence of influenza per 1000 patients at risk and the prevalence of headache as an influenza symptom were calculated, including the 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were done based on patients' sex, age group, microbiological confirmation, vaccination status, and influenza type/subtype/lineage. RESULTS: During the study period, 8171 patients were eligible. The incidence of headache in the context of influenza varied between 0.24 cases per 1000 patients (season 2020-2021) and 21.69 cases per 1000 patients (season 2017-2018). The prevalence of headache was 66.1% (95% CI = 65.1%-67.1%), varying between 49.6% (season 2021-2022) and 80.1% (season 2010-2011). The prevalence of headache was higher in women (67.9% vs. 65.7%, p = 0.03) and higher in patients between 15 and 65 years old. Headache was more prevalent in patients infected with B subtypes than A subtypes (68.7% vs. 56.9%, p < 0.001). There were no notable differences regarding vaccination status or microbiological confirmation of the infection. CONCLUSIONS: Headache is a common symptom in patients with influenza, with a prevalence higher than that observed in other viral infections.
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Cefaleia , Influenza Humana , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Incidência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Cefaleia/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/complicações , Prevalência , Idoso , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , LactenteRESUMO
Headache is a common symptom of influenza infection; however, its causes and consequences remain uncertain. In this manuscript, we analyzed which demographic and clinical factors were associated with the presence of headache during the course of influenza infection and whether patients with headache had a different prognosis, evaluated by need of hospitalization, sick leave or school absenteeism. The influence study (NCT05704335) was an observational study that analyzed data routinely collected from the Health Sentinel Network between 2010 and 2020. During the study period, 7832 cases were considered, among which, 5275 (67.4%) reported headache. The presence of headache was independently associated with myalgia (2.753; 95%CI: 2.456-3.087, P < 0.001), asthenia (OR: 1.958; 95%CI: 1.732-2.214, P < 0.001), shivering (OR: 1.925; 95%CI: 1.718-2.156, P < 0.001), nasopharyngeal erythema (OR: 1.505; 95%CI: 1.293-1.753, P < 0.001), fever (OR: 1.469; 95%CI: 1.159-1.861; P = 0.001), sudden onset of symptoms (OR: 1.380; 95%CI: 1.120-1.702, p = 0.004), female sex (OR: 1.134; 95%CI: 1.023-1.257, P = 0.018), and gastrointestinal symptoms (OR: 1.169; 95%CI: 1.039-1.315; P = 0.01). Patients with headache had a sex and age adjusted lower odds of being referred to the hospital (OR: 0.463; 95%CI: 0.264-0.812, P = 0.007) and a higher odd of having a sick leave and/or school absenteeism (absenteeism (OR: 1.342; 95%CI: 1.190-1.514, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the presence of headache seems associated with symptoms caused by the innate immune response. These findings support a headache pathophysiology linked with the innate immune response. Due to the potential negative consequences and its treatable nature, clinicians should systematically evaluate it and, whenever necessary, treat it too.
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Influenza Humana , Humanos , Feminino , Influenza Humana/complicações , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Cefaleia/epidemiologia , Cefaleia/etiologia , Prognóstico , Hospitalização , AbsenteísmoRESUMO
Smallpox vaccination may confer cross-protection to mpox. We evaluated vaccinia virus antibodies in 162 persons ≥50 years of age in Spain; 68.5% had detectable antibodies. Highest coverage (78%) was among persons 71-80 years of age. Low antibody levels in 31.5% of this population indicates that addressing their vaccination should be a priority.
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Mpox , Vacina Antivariólica , Varíola , Idoso , Humanos , Anticorpos Antivirais , Varíola/prevenção & controle , Vacina Antivariólica/imunologia , Espanha , Vacinação , Mpox/prevenção & controle , Proteção CruzadaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Headache is a frequent symptom of infections. We aimed to characterize the clinical phenotype and duration of headache attributed to influenza infection. METHODS: Prospective cohort study done in 53 primary care centers between January and April 2023. Patients were included if they had a confirmed influenza diagnosis, were older than 15 years and had a new-onset headache. Patients' demographics, prior medical history, headache phenotype and duration, associated symptoms and patients' outcomes were assessed. The International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria for headache attributed to a systemic viral infection, migraine and tension-type headache were assessed. RESULTS: Of the 478 patients 75 fulfilled eligibility criteria. The mean age was 43, 56% were men, and 27% had a prior headache history. The headache phenotype was a bilateral headache (52%), with frontal topography (48%), pressing quality (61%), moderate intensity, rhinorrhea (79%), nasal congestion (76%), and photophobia (59%). All patients fulfilled headache attributed to acute systemic viral infection criteria, 43% fulfilled migraine criteria and 31% tension-type headache criteria. The median duration of the headache was four (Inter-quartile range: two-six) days. CONCLUSION: The clinical phenotype of headache attributed to influenza infection was similar to other infections, with more pronounced cranial autonomic symptoms. The headache was an early symptom and was self-limited within a few days.Trial Registration: The study protocol is registered in ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT05704335).
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Influenza Humana , Transtornos de Enxaqueca , Cefaleia do Tipo Tensional , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Cefaleia/etiologia , Cefaleia/diagnóstico , Influenza Humana/complicações , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/diagnóstico , Fenótipo , Estudos Prospectivos , Cefaleia do Tipo Tensional/diagnósticoRESUMO
This study aimed to establish the association and differences in a diversity of cognitive domains according to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), and speed-agility fitness (S-AF) level in a large sample of Chilean schoolchildren. 1171 Chilean schoolchildren aged 10-14 years participated. CRF, MF, and S-AF were assessed through the ALPHA-fitness test battery. Cognition was evaluated through the NeuroCognitive Performance Test, which involved eight tests related to four main domains: cognitive flexibility (CF), working memory (WM), inhibitory control (IC), and intelligence (IN). Both global (multivariate) and individual (univariate) analyses were performed to determine the differences in cognitive functioning according to low-, middle-, and high-fitness level. The global analyses showed a significant main effect for CRF, F(16,940) = 3.08, p ≤ .001 and MF groups, F(16,953) = 2.30, p = .002, but not for S-AF, F(16,948) = 1.37, p = .105. CRF shows a significant main effect in seven of eight tests, involving CF, WM, IC, and IN domains, whereas MF shows a significant main effect in five of eight tests without association with IN. SA-F shows a significant main effect only with IC. Statistical differences were found between the low- and middle/high-fitness groups but not between the middle- and high-fitness groups. At a global level, both CRF and MF seem to be associated with a higher cognitive profile in scholars; however, at an individual level, all fitness components show a favorable relationship to some cognitive domine. Then, future cognitive developing strategies should consider all fitness components, prioritizing those low-fitness schoolchildren.
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Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória/fisiologia , Cognição/fisiologia , Inibição Psicológica , Inteligência/fisiologia , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Adolescente , Análise de Variância , Criança , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Corrida/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Education and health are crucial topics for public policies as both largely determine the future wellbeing of the society. Currently, several studies recognize that physical activity (PA) benefits brain health in children. However, most of these studies have not been carried out in developing countries or lack the transference into the education field. The Cogni-Action Project is divided into two stages, a cross-sectional study and a crossover-randomized trial. The aim of the first part is to establish the associations of PA, sedentarism, and physical fitness with brain structure and function, cognitive performance and academic achievement in Chilean schoolchildren (10-13 years-old). The aim of the second part is to determinate the acute effects of three PA protocols on neuroelectric indices during a working memory and a reading task. METHODS: PA and sedentarism will be self-reported and objectively-assessed with accelerometers in a representative subsample, whilst physical fitness will be evaluated through the ALPHA fitness test battery. Brain structure and function will be assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a randomized subsample. Cognitive performance will be assessed through the NeuroCognitive Performance Test, and academic achievement by school grades. In the second part 32 adolescents (12-13 year-old) will be cross-over randomized to these condition (i) "Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training" (MICT), (ii) "Cooperative High-Intensity Interval Training" (C-HIIT), and (iii) Sedentary condition. Neuroelectric indices will be measures by electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-tracking, working memory by n-back task and reading comprehension by a reading task. DISCUSSION: The main strength of this project is that, to our knowledge, this is the first study analysing the potential association of PA, sedentarism, and physical fitness on brain structure and function, cognitive performance, and academic achievement in a developing country, which presents an important sociocultural gap. For this purpose, this project will use advanced technologies in neuroimaging (MRI), electrophysiology (EEG), and eye-tracking, as well as objective and quality measurements of several physical and cognitive health outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03894241 Date of register: March 28, 2019. Retrospectively Registered.
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Sucesso Acadêmico , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Cognição , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Aptidão Física , Acelerometria , Adolescente , Encéfalo/anatomia & histologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Chile , Estudos Cross-Over , Estudos Transversais , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Comportamento SedentárioRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the viral load (VL) using cycle threshold (Ct) in patients infected with influenza A (H3N2). METHODS: This prospective study was conducted during the 2022-2023 influenza season in sentinel, non-sentinel, and hospitalized patients of Castilla y León (Spain). Respiratory samples were obtained from nasopharyngeal swabs and analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction specific for influenza A (H3N2) to obtain the Ct value. RESULTS: A total of 1047 individuals were enrolled (174 [16.6%] sentinel, 200 [19.1%] non-sentinel, 673 [64.3%] hospitalized). The mean Ct value was lower in infants, young children, and in the elderly, with a sharp increase in the last from 65 years until 90 years. In addition, the lower Ct values were observed in non-sentinel patients and then in hospitalized patients, probably because non-sentinel are outpatients in the acute phase of the influenza infection. CONCLUSIONS: A higher VL (lower Ct value) is related to the extreme ages of life: children and the elderly. Furthermore, a higher VL is related with the care setting, being probably higher in outpatients because they are in the acute phase of the disease and slightly lower in hospitalized patients because they are attended during the post-acute phase.
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Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2 , Influenza Humana , Carga Viral , Humanos , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/genética , Espanha/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Estações do Ano , Fatores Etários , Hospitalização , Recém-Nascido , Nasofaringe/virologiaRESUMO
Introduction: The third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine is especially necessary in people over 65 years of age due to their lower immune response. Methods: We designed a multicentre, prospective observational study including 98 people ≤65 years old who lived in two nursing homes in Valladolid, Spain. One of the groups had previous experience with SARS-CoV-2 (n=68;69.4%) and the other was naïve (n=30;30.6%). We evaluated the response to the three doses of the Comirnaty vaccine and the dynamics of antibodies during 5 consecutive serum samplings: 2 after the first two doses of vaccination, one three months after the first dose, another at 6 months and the last one month after the third dose. IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S1, RBD and N antigens were analysed. Results: Both groups increased the level of Abs against S1 and RBD, but the experienced group showed a 130-fold higher humoral response due to hybrid immunisation (infection+vaccination). The response to vaccination with Comirnaty against COVID-19 was higher in those ≤65 years with previous experience than those who were naïve. However, the amount of antibodies against S1 and RBD equalised at 6 months. After the third dose, both groups raised the amount of antibodies to a similar level. The reinfections suggested by the analysis of antibodies against N were frequent in both groups. Discussion: The third dose showed a clear benefit for elderly people, with the reinforcement of the antibody levels after the decline suffered after six months of the first two doses.
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COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Idoso , Humanos , Vacina BNT162 , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Imunoglobulina GRESUMO
The aim of this work is to describe the dynamics of influenza antibodies after vaccination in adults. We conducted a case-cohort serological study in the automobile manufacturing plants of the Renault España S.A. group in Valladolid and Palencia (Spain), including 550 workers (66.9%) previously vaccinated against influenza (group V), and 272 (33.1%) never vaccinated (group NV). A pre-vaccination serum sample was collected, another after 30-40 days and another after 6 months. The dynamics of antibodies were analyzed. A lower seroprotection of NV before vaccination was observed, but an antibody response between 2 and 4 times higher than in V was assessed. After 6 months, antibodies declined in both groups until equalize. Antibodies titers decrease with age, and no differences were found among underlying pathologies. Adults never vaccinated against influenza had lower seroprotection than those previously vaccinated, but influenza vaccination produces a more intense serological response in them, acquiring significantly higher antibody titers than those previously vaccinated. The antibodies, although in lower titers, persist and equalize among both groups at least 6 months after vaccination, which allows the individual to be protected during the entire circulation of the influenza virus in the same season.
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Vacinas contra Influenza , Influenza Humana , Orthomyxoviridae , Humanos , Adulto , Vacinação , Formação de Anticorpos , Estudos de Coortes , Anticorpos AntiviraisRESUMO
Introduction: External Quality Assessment (EQA) schemes are designed to provide a snapshot of laboratory proficiency, identifying issues and providing feedback to improve laboratory performance and inter-laboratory agreement in testing. Currently there are no international EQA schemes for seasonal influenza serology testing. Here we present a feasibility study for conducting an EQA scheme for influenza serology methods. Methods: We invited participant laboratories from industry, contract research organizations (CROs), academia and public health institutions who regularly conduct hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and microneutralization (MN) assays and have an interest in serology standardization. In total 16 laboratories returned data including 19 data sets for HAI assays and 9 data sets for MN assays. Results: Within run analysis demonstrated good laboratory performance for HAI, with intrinsically higher levels of intra-assay variation for MN assays. Between run analysis showed laboratory and strain specific issues, particularly with B strains for HAI, whilst MN testing was consistently good across labs and strains. Inter-laboratory variability was higher for MN assays than HAI, however both assays showed a significant reduction in inter-laboratory variation when a human sera pool is used as a standard for normalization. Discussion: This study has received positive feedback from participants, highlighting the benefit such an EQA scheme would have on improving laboratory performance, reducing inter laboratory variation and raising awareness of both harmonized protocol use and the benefit of biological standards for seasonal influenza serology testing.
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Influenza Humana , Humanos , Hemaglutinação , Laboratórios , Estudos de Viabilidade , Estações do AnoRESUMO
It is estimated that one in 100 children worldwide has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children with ASD frequently suffer from gut dysbiosis and gastrointestinal issues, findings which possibly play a role in the pathogenesis and/or severity of their condition. Physical activity may have a positive effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiota of healthy adults. However, the effect of exercise both on the gastrointestinal problems and intestinal microbiota (and thus possibly on ASD) itself in affected children is unknown. In terms of understanding the physiopathology and manifestations of ASD, analysis of the gut-brain axis holds some promise. Here, we discuss the physiopathology of ASD in terms of genetics and microbiota composition, and how physical activity may be a promising non-pharmaceutical approach to improve ASD-related symptoms.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to compare academic achievement, cognitive performance, playtime, bullying, and discrimination in adolescents according to traditional uniforms (TUs) and sports uniforms (SUs) worn at school, while simultaneously exploring the influence of the school vulnerability index. Methods: A total of 988 Chilean adolescents (52.6% boys) aged 10-14 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Academic achievement was evaluated by the average grade in maths, language, and science grades, while cognitive performance was assessed through eight cognitive tasks. TUs affecting physical activity, playtime, bullying, and discrimination were queried. Mixed model analyses were performed. Results: No differences were observed in academic achievement (TU: 5.4 ± 0.1 vs. SU: 5.5 ± 0.2, p = 0.785) or in cognitive performance (TU: 99.6 ± 0.8 vs. SU: 98.9 ± 1.8, p= 0.754) according to the school uniformtype. Moreover, 64.1 % of participants declared that wearing TU affects their physical activity (traditional uniforms: + 8 min and sports uniforms: + 20 min), and those who believed so spent more time playing than those who answered negatively (14.5 min, p = 0.012). Finally, adolescents wearing SU displayed a lower feeling of bullying and discrimination; this finding depended mainly on the school's vulnerability. Conclusion: It is concluded that wearing TU does not show an educational advantage at an academic and cognitive level that justifies its obligation. In addition, it could be suggested that schools consider adolescents' opinions in adopting a more comfortable uniform, such as the SU. This feasible and low-cost measure would help to increase adolescents' physical activity during the school day, and, contrary to belief, it would not be related to increased feelings of bullying and discrimination.
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Sucesso Acadêmico , Bullying , Logro , Adolescente , Cognição , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Street workout (SW) is an urban sport based on calisthenic exercises. Injury profiles and risk factors are widely explored in various sport disciplines. However, because of the lack of research in SW, injury profiles have not yet been established. PURPOSE: To investigate the characteristics and prevalence of injuries and variables that may increase these odds in SW practitioners. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: An electronic survey was conducted between September 2018 and March 2019 in order to obtain practitioner information, physical activity level, training characteristics, and injury information of SW practitioners. Responses from 93 practitioners were eligible for analysis. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association among several variables and the presence of injury in the past 12 months based on odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS: Overall, 62.4% of the 93 participants reported an injury in the previous 12 months, and tendinopathy was the most reported diagnosis (31.0% of injured practitioners). High injury frequency was reported in the shoulder (23.0%) and back (upper and mid) (18.4%). Overtraining was the most reported perception of cause of injury (56.9%). Most injured practitioners (20.7%) performed freestyle exercises before the injury, followed by upper body exercises. A history of previous injuries (OR, 4.078; P = .005) and the middle and higher tertiles of vigorous physical activity (OR, 4.370; P = .015 and OR, 5.634; P = .003, respectively) were associated with a higher odds of injury. CONCLUSION: In SW, the shoulder and back (upper and mid) were the most injured body parts, with tendinopathy being the most frequent diagnosis. Overtraining was typically reported as the perceived cause of injury, with freestyle and upper limb exercises the most performed exercises when injured. A history of previous injuries, along with vigorous physical activity, was found to augment the odds of injury. More research is needed to corroborate our findings, along with increased knowledge about SW practice and injuries.
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Background: Physical fitness and fatness converge simultaneously modulating cognitive skills, which in turn, are associated with children and adolescents' socioeconomic background. However, both fitness components and fat mass localization are crucial for understanding its implication at the cognitive level. Objective: This study aimed to determine the mediation role of a global physical fitness score and its components on the association between different fatness indicators related to fat distribution and adolescents' cognitive performance, and simultaneously explore the influence of school vulnerability. Methods: In this study, 1,196 Chilean adolescents participated (aged 10-14; 50.7% boys). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), and speed-agility fitness (SAF) were evaluated, and a global fitness score (GFS) was computed adjusted for age and sex (CRF + MF + SAF z-scores). Body mass index z-score (BMIz), sum-of-4-skinfolds (4SKF), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were used as non-specific, peripheral, and central adiposity indicators, respectively. A global cognitive score was computed based on eight tasks, and the school vulnerability index (SVI) was registered as high, mid or low. A total of 24 mediation analyses were performed according to two models, adjusted for sex and peak high velocity (Model 1), and adding the school vulnerability index (SVI) in Model 2. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: The fitness mediation role was different concerning the fatness indicators related to fat distribution analyzed. Even after controlling for SVI, CRF (22%), and SAF (29%), but not MF, mediated the association between BMIz and cognitive performance. Likewise, CRF, SAF and GFS, but not MF, mediated the association between WHtR and cognitive performance (38.6%, 31.9%, and 54.8%, respectively). No mediations were observed for 4SKF. Conclusion: The negative association between fatness and cognitive performance is mitigated by the level of adolescents' physical fitness, mainly CRF and SAF. This mediation role seems to be more consistent with a central fat indicator even in the presence of school vulnerability. Strategies promoting physical fitness would reduce the cognitive gap in children and adolescents related to obesity and school vulnerability.
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The aims of this cross-sectional study were (i) to determine the association of educational level attained with cognitive impairment and (ii) to investigate the mediating effect of different self-report physical activity (PA) patterns in a large sample of older Chileans. A sample of 1571 older adults from the National Chilean Survey (2016-2017) was included. The educational level attained, PA levels, mode of commuting, sedentary time, and leisure-time PA were self-reported through validated questionnaires. Cognitive impairment was determined by Mini-Mental State Examination (modified version). Association between educational level attained and cognitive impairment was examined using logistic regression models. Counterfactual mediation models were used to test the mediating effect of self-reported PA patterns. A lower educational level was consistently associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment (OR range 2.846 to 2.266, all p < 0.001), while leisure-time PA was the only PA pattern that partially mediated this association (proportion mediated 8.0%). In conclusion, leisure-time PA was the solely PA pattern that partially mediated the association between the educational level and cognitive impairment. The rest self-reported PA patterns did not modify this association.
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Disfunção Cognitiva , Comportamento Sedentário , Idoso , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Autorrelato , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the evidence for the effectiveness of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation interventions on modification in strength and body composition in trained and competitive athletes. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic search was performed using three databases: MEDLINE, EBSCO and Web of Science. The analysis was restricted to randomized controlled trials that examined the effect of HMB supplementation interventions on modification in bench and leg press strength, body mass, fat-free mass and fat mass. Effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed effect meta-analysis due to low value of the heterogeneity. The Egger test was used to determine the presence of publication bias, and the Q and I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity among studies. Significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Six studies were selected for meta-analysis, as they fulfilled the inclusion criteria (n=193 participants). HMB supplementation interventions present a trivial non-significant ES in all variables studied (bench press ES=0.00, leg press ES=0.09, body mass ES=-0.01, fat-free mass ES=0.16, and fat mass ES=-0.20; all cases p>0.05, and null heterogeneity I2=0.0% p>0.05). These results remained constant even analyzing by subgroups (HMB doses, duration of intervention, training level and diet co-intervention). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis found no effect of HMB supplementation on strength and body composition in trained and competitive athletes.
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Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Força Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Valeratos/farmacologia , Atletas , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
SUMMARY: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is useful for determining bioelectrical parameters and body composition. In turn, differences have been reported when comparing these variables in athletes by training status. Nevertheless, there is no evidence of bioelectrical impedance parameters in Street Workout (SW) athletes. Thus, this study aimed to compare bioelectrical parameters and body composition through BIA between trained and untrained SW athletes. Twenty-two male SW athletes were classified as trained (n=6; 26.3 y [21.0-28.9]) and untrained (n=16; 21.8 y [20.5-24.7]) based on their SW experience. A bioelectrical impedanciometer was used to estimate bioelectrical parameters and body composition. There was no difference in body composition between trained and untrained SW athletes. Regarding impedance, trained athletes had lower values in the upper limbs (right arm: p=0.049; left arm: p=0.027) and trunk (p=0.004), while phase angle values were higher in the upper limbs (right arm: p=0.004; left arm: p=0.001), and trunk (p=0.006), as well as the mean phase angle (p=0.007), than untrained athletes. Bioelectrical impedance parameter differences found between SW training level groups suggest an improvement of tissue qualities, such as muscle, with SW practice. Future longitudinal studies should corroborate if SW training modifies these parameters.
RESUMEN: El análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica es útil para determinar parámetros bioeléctricos y de composición corporal. A su vez, se han reportado diferencias al comparar estas variables en atletas según su estado de entrenamiento. Sin embargo, no hay evidencia de parámetros de impedancia bioeléctrica en atletas de Street Workout (SW). Por tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar los parámetros bioeléctricos y la composición corporal entre atletas de Street Workout entrenados y no entrenados. Veintidós atletas masculinos de Street Workout fueron clasificados como entrenados (n=6; 26.3 años [21.0-28.9]) y no entrenados (n=16; 21.8 años [20.5-24.7]) en función de su experiencia en Street Workout. Se utilizó un impedanciómetro bioeléctrico para estimar los parámetros bioeléctricos y la composición corporal. No hubo diferencias en la composición corporal entre los atletas de SW en- trenados y no entrenados. En cuanto a la impedancia, los atletas entrenados tenían valores más bajos en los miembros superiores (brazo derecho: p=0,049; brazo izquierdo: p=0,027) y en el tronco (p=0,004), mientras que los valores del ángulo de fase eran más altos en los miembros superiores (brazo derecho: p=0,004; brazo izquierdo: p=0,001), en el tronco (p=0,006), así como la media del ángulo de fase (p=0,007) que los atletas no entrenados. Las diferencias en los parámetros de impedancia bioeléctrica encontradas entre los grupos según el nivel de entrenamiento de SW sugieren una mejora de las cualidades de los tejidos, como el músculo, con la práctica de SW. Futuros estudios longitudinales deberían corroborar si el entrenamiento SW modifica estos parámetros.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Composição Corporal , Impedância Elétrica , Atletas , Ginástica , AntropometriaRESUMO
SUMMARY: In several sports, morphological differences exist when comparing training status. However, these are less known in novel urban sports such as Street Workout (SW). This study compares the morphological characteristics between untrained (novice) and trained (experienced) SW athletes. Thirty-seven male Street workout practitioners from Viña del Mar (Chile) participated. Anthropometric, body composition, and somatotype data were assessed and compared according to the training experience. We found that trained SW athletes had a higher flexed and tensed arm perimeter (+4.4 %, p=0.038), lower hips perimeter (-4.8 %, p=0.041), narrower biiliocristal breadth (-3.2 %, p=0.035), lesser sum of 6 skinfolds (-40.8 %, p<0.001), and a lower endomorphic component (p<0.001) than untrained SW athletes. The proportionality analysis revealed that trained athletes had significantly higher upper body perimeters and lower skinfolds than untrained athletes. In addition, trained participants had higher percentages of the whole-body (+6.5 %, p<0.001) and upper limb muscle mass (+1.1 %; <0.001), and lower fat mass percentage (-7.9 %, p<0.001) and fat mass (-6.9 kg, p<0.001). In conclusion, similar to other sports, morphological differences exist in SW according to the training status, suggesting that morphology is associated with training experience. Further studies using DEXA should corroborate our findings and, in turn, determine the relevance of morphology in SW performance.
RESUMEN: En diversos deportes, existen diferencias morfológicas según la experiencia de entrenamiento. Sin embargo, en nuevos deportes urbanos como el Street Workout (SW) las diferencias son menos conocidas. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar las características morfológicas entre atletas de SW desentrenados (novatos) y entrenados (experimentados). Participaron treinta y siete hombres practicantes de SW en Viña del Mar (Chile). Se recolectaron datos antropométricos, de composición corporal y somatotipo, los cuales se compararon según la experiencia de entrenamiento. Encontramos que los atletas entrenados de SW tienen mayor perímetro de brazo flexionado y contraído (+4,4 %, p=0,038), menor perímetro de caderas (-4,8 %, p=0,041), diámetro biiliocrestideo (- 3,2 %, p=0,035), menor suma de 6 pliegues cutáneos (-40,8 %, p<0,001), y menor componente endomórfico (p<0,001), en comparación a los atletas desentrenados. El análisis de proporcionalidad reveló que los entrenados tienen perímetros de miembro superior más grandes y menores pliegues que los atletas desentrenados. Además, los entrenados tienen porcentajes mayores de masa muscular total (+6,5 %, p<0,001) y miembro superior (+1,1 %; <0,001), mientras que menor porcentaje de masa grasa (-7,9 %, p<0,001) y masa grasa (-6,9 kg, p<0,001). En conclusión, existen diferencias morfológicas en el SW según el nivel de entrenamiento, sugiriendo que la morfología está asociada a la experiencia de entrenamiento. Futuros estudios deberían corroborar nuestros hallazgos utilizando DEXA y, a la vez, determinar la relevancia de la morfología en el rendimiento en el SW.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Composição Corporal , Exercício Físico , Antropometria , Atletas , SomatotiposRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The determination of the morphological characteristics of the most popular sports has allowed the evaluation and comparison between athletes, which has helped to improve their performance. The Street Workout is an emerging sport based on calisthenics, which recently has become popular. Despite its popularization, neither the morphologic profile nor the morphologic characteristics of Street Workout athletes has been determined. OBJECTIVE: Determine the profile and morphological characteristics of Street-Workout athletes, through anthropometry. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fourteen athletes (22.7 ± 3.26 years) were recruited from the National Calisthenics Tournament 2015 in Chile. The athletes were evaluated following the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry to determine the somatotype, body composition, as well as indices of body composition such as body mass index, waist to hip ratio, waist to height ratio, fat/muscle mass and muscle/bone mass indexes. RESULTS: Street Workout practitioners presented a balanced-mesomorphic somatotype, a low fat mass and a high muscular development, with upper arms and trunk predominance. Regarding body composition indices, the values obtained allow us to classify them as a low-risk population of chronic non-communicable diseases. CONCLUSION: The present study sets a first antecedent of the morphological characteristics of Street Workout, determining that the Street Workout athletes presented balanced-mesomorphic somatotype and were classified as a healthy and athletic sample by their body composition indexes.