Lymphosarcoma Incidence in Kazakhstan: A Retrospective Survey (2010-2019).

OBJECTIVE: The aim is to study the trends of lymphosarcoma incidence in the regional context in Kazakhstan. METHODS: The retrospective study was done using descriptive method of oncoepidemiology. The extensive, crude and age-specific incidence rates are determined according to the generally accepted methodology used in statistics. The data were used to calculate the average percentage change (APС) using the Joinpoint regression analysis to determine the trend over the study period. RESULTS: 3,987 new cases of lymphosarcoma were registered in the country (50.7% in men, 49.3% in women). During the studied years the average age of patients was 54.2±0.8 years. The highest incidence rates per 100,000 in the entire population were found in the age groups 65-69 years (10.4±0.6), 70-74 years (10.7±0.8), and 75-79 years (10.3±0.8). The highest tendency to increase in age-related incidence rates was at the age over 85 (APC=+8.26) and to decrease at the age under 30 (APC=-6.17). The average annual standardized incidence rate was 2.3 per 100,000, and in dynamics tended to increase (APC=+1.43). It was found that the downward trend was observed in five regions (Akmola, Atyrau, Karaganda, North and South Kazakhstan), and the most pronounced decline was in the Karaganda (APC=-3.61) and South Kazakhstan (APC=-2.93) regions. When compiling thematic maps, incidence rates were determined based on standardized indicators: low - up to 1.97, average - from 1.97 to 2.60, high - above 2.60 per 100,000 for both sexes. CONCLUSION: Trends in the incidence of lymphosarcoma in Kazakhstan are growing and have geographical variability, and a high incidence is observed in the eastern and northern regions of the country. Sex differences have been established the incidence in men is higher than in female population, but the rate of increase in the incidence in women is more pronounced.

Predictive value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation in visceral fat activity to detect colorectal cancer metastases (prospective observational cohort study).

Background: To evaluate functional visceral adipose tissue (VAT) activity assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as a predictive factor of metastases in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: We reviewed study protocols and PET/CT data of 534 CRC patients; 474 patients were subsequently excluded for various reasons. The remaining 60 patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma were then prospectively assessed and were exposed to 18F-FDG PET/CT after a surgical treatment and chemoradiotherapy. Age, histology, stage, and tumor grade data were recorded. Functional VAT activity was verified with maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) using 18F-FDG PET/CT and tested as a predictive factor of later metastases in eight subdomains of abdominal regions (RE - epigastric region, RLH - left hypochondriac region, RRL - right lumbar region, RU - umbilical region, RLL - left lumbar region, RRI - right inguinal region, RP - hypogastric (pubic) region, RLI - left inguinal region) and pelvic cavity (P) in the adjusted regression models. In addition, we studied the best areas under the curve (AUC) for SUV max with the corresponding sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp). Results: In both adjusted for age regression models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, 18F-FDG accumulation in RLH (cut-off SUV max 0.74; Se 75%; Sp 61%; AUC 0.668; p=0.049), RU (cut-off SUV max 0.78; Se 69%; Sp 61%; AUC 0.679; p=0.035), RRL (cut-off SUV max 1.05; Se 69%; Sp 77%; AUC 0.682; p=0.032) and RRI (cut-off SUV max 0.85; Se 63%; Sp 61%; AUC 0.672; p=0.043) could predict later metastases in CRC patients, as opposed to age, sex, primary tumor location, tumor grade and histology. Conclusions: Functional VAT activity was importantly related to later metastases in CRC patients and can be used as their predictive factor.