A Case of High Altitude Cerebral Edema With a Prolonged Motivational Deficit.

We report a case of prolonged motivational deficit as a sequela of high altitude cerebral edema (HACE), the most severe form of neuropsychiatric dysfunction arising from traveling to high altitude. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed hyperintense lesions in the globi pallidi bilaterally on T2-weighted images. Single-photon emission computed tomography showed hypoperfusion in dorsolateral and orbital prefrontal cortices bilaterally and in the anterior cingulate cortex. This case suggests that a prolonged motivational deficit can occur in patients with HACE. The case may also suggest that HACE can cause network disturbances between the prefrontal cortex and the globi pallidi.

Case history and genome-wide scans for copy number variants in a family with patient having 15q11.1-q11.2 duplication and 22q11.2 deletion, and schizophrenia.

Many studies have indicated that chromosomes 15q11 and 22q11 may be associated with the genetic etiologies of schizophrenia. We have followed an adult schizophrenia case with 15q11.1-q11.2 duplication and 22q11.2 deletion. Here we report his clinical history, and copy number variants (CNVs) identified by microarray and real-time PCR in the patient and his parents. This is the first report describing a detailed phenotype of an adult schizophrenic case with both 15q11 and 22q11 CNVs as revealed by novel and trustworthy technologies. Subjects were a 33-year-old male patient with 15q11 and 22q11 CNVs, and his normal parents. He fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia at age 18 years. He was also diagnosed with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) at age 18 years. To search for CNVs in more detail, whole-genome array-CGH analyses including ∼ 420,000 probes were carried out in the patient and his parents. For validations of the CNVs detected by array-CGH, real-time PCR analyses of these CNVs were performed. The patient had two disease-specific CNVs, 15q11.1-q11.2 duplication (∼ 2.7 Mb) and 22q11.21 deletion (∼ 2.9 Mb). These two regions are important for the development of schizophrenia, and this patient had shown symptoms of schizophrenia. Thus, the two areas may contain causal genes for schizophrenia.