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OBJECTIVES: Disaster evacuation increases the risk of becoming overweight or obese owing to lifestyle changes and psychosocial factors. This study evaluated the effect of evacuation on becoming overweight during a 7-year follow-up among residents of Fukushima Prefecture during the Great East Japan Earthquake. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study. METHODS: We analysed data collected from 18,977 non-overweight Japanese participants who completed the 'Comprehensive Health Checkup Program' and 'Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey', as part of the Fukushima Health Management Survey, between July 2011 and November 2012. An evacuation was defined as the moving out of residents of municipalities designated as an evacuation zone by the government or having a self-reported experience of moving into shelters or temporary housing. Follow-up examinations were conducted in March 2018 to identify patients who became overweight. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: Among 15,875 participants (6091 men and 9784 women; mean age 63.0 ± 11.1 years) who received follow-up examination (mean follow-up, 4.29 years), 2042 (856 men and 1186 women) became overweight. Age-, baseline body mass index-, lifestyle-, and psychosocial status-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for becoming overweight after evacuation were 1.44 (1.24-1.66) for men and 1.66 (1.47-1.89) for women. CONCLUSION: Evacuation was associated with the risk of becoming overweight 7 years after the disaster. Thus, maintaining physical activity, healthy diet, and sleep quality and removing barriers to healthy behaviour caused by disasters, including anxiety concerning radiation, may prevent this health risk among evacuees.
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Terremotos , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Japão/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Idoso , Seguimentos , Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Fatores de Risco , Desastres , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estilo de VidaRESUMO
This study investigated the occurrence of Escherichia coli pathotypes in sanitary wastewater and drinking water in a Bangladeshi urban slum and the potential associations between these sources. We examined 621 E. coli isolates from sanitary wastewater and stored drinking water by multiplex PCR and dual-index sequencing, classifying them into eight pathotypes based on 14 virulence genes and additionally evaluating the possession of the human-specific E. coli genetic biomarker H8. The proportions of pathogenic E. coli were significantly different (P < 0·001) between wastewater (18·6%) and drinking water (1·7%). StIb-positive enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) were predominant in wastewater, indicating that people in the site carried ETEC. In contrast, no ETEC was present in drinking water and the proportion of H8-positive isolates was significantly smaller (7·8%) than that in wastewater (16·3%) (P = 0·001). Our findings indicate that sanitary wastewater from the slum was heavily contaminated with pathogenic E. coli, posing a great health risk. Furthermore, E. coli contamination of drinking water could be derived from not only human but also other sources. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Sanitary wastewater from an urban slum was heavily contaminated with pathogenic Escherichia coli. It is worth noting a great health risk of accidental exposure to pathogenically contaminated wastewater improperly discharged in and around urban slums. The distinct difference in pathotypes between wastewater and drinking water and the significantly smaller positive proportion of the human-specific E. coli genetic biomarker (H8) in drinking water indicate that drinking water contamination could be derived from not only human but also other sources. This highlights that pathotyping in association with the H8 marker provides an indication of pathogen contamination sources of environmental transmission media.
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Água Potável/microbiologia , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica/patogenicidade , Áreas de Pobreza , Águas Residuárias/microbiologia , Bangladesh , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica/classificação , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Humanos , Tipagem Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex , Toxina Shiga/biossíntese , Virulência , Microbiologia da Água , Poluição da ÁguaRESUMO
In the heavy-fermion metal CePdAl, long-range antiferromagnetic order coexists with geometric frustration of one-third of the Ce moments. At low temperatures, the Kondo effect tends to screen the frustrated moments. We use magnetic fields B to suppress the Kondo screening and study the magnetic phase diagram and the evolution of the entropy with B employing thermodynamic probes. We estimate the frustration by introducing a definition of the frustration parameter based on the enhanced entropy, a fundamental feature of frustrated systems. In the field range where the Kondo screening is suppressed, the liberated moments tend to maximize the magnetic entropy and strongly enhance the frustration. Based on our experiments, this field range may be a promising candidate to search for a quantum spin liquid.
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Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/cirurgia , Humanos , Mucinas , Pâncreas , Ductos Pancreáticos/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Bright light therapy is widely used as the treatment of choice for seasonal affective disorder. Nonetheless, our understanding of the mechanisms of bright light is limited and it is important to investigate the mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to examine the hypothesis that bright light exposure may increase [(18) F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in olfactory bulb and/or hippocampus which may be associated neurogenesis in the human brain. METHOD: A randomized controlled trial comparing 5-day bright light exposure + environmental light (bright light exposure group) with environmental light alone (no intervention group) was performed for 55 participants in a university hospital. The uptake of [(18) F]FDG in olfactory bulb and hippocampus using FDG positron emission tomography was compared between two groups. RESULTS: There was a significant increase of uptake in both right and left olfactory bulb for bright light exposure group vs. no intervention group. After adjustment of log-transformed illuminance, there remained a significant increase of uptake in the right olfactory bulb. CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest a possibility that 5-day bright light exposure may increase [(18) F]FDG in the right olfactory bulb of the human brain, suggesting a possibility of neurogenesis. Further studies are warranted to directly confirm this possibility.
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Fluordesoxiglucose F18/farmacocinética , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efeitos da radiação , Bulbo Olfatório/metabolismo , Bulbo Olfatório/efeitos da radiação , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/metabolismo , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/terapia , Adulto , Feminino , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Luz , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bulbo Olfatório/diagnóstico por imagem , Fototerapia/métodos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/farmacocinética , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introduction: Lamotrigine is one of several mood stabilizers and its effects for the treatment and prevention of depressive episodes, particularly in bipolar disorder, are generally accepted. Although the findings about a therapeutic window of lamotrigine are yet to be determined, it seems important to obtain information on individual pharmacokinetic peculiarities. This study was conducted to formulate the predictive model of plasma lamotrigine levels. Methods: Using the data of 47 patients whose lamotrigine levels, liver function, and renal function were measured, predictive models of lamotrigine levels were formulated by stepwise multiple regression analyses. The predictive power of the models was compared using another dataset of 25 patients. Results: Two models were created using stepwise multiple regression. The first model was: plasma lamotrigine level (µg/mL)=2.308+0.019×lamotrigine dose (mg/day). The second model was: plasma lamotrigine level (µg/mL)=0.08+0.024×lamotrigine dose (mg/day)+4.088×valproate combination (no=0, yes=1). The predictive power of the second model was better than that of the first model. Discussion: The present study proposes a prompt and relatively accurate equation to predict lamotrigine levels.
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Transtorno Bipolar/sangue , Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/sangue , Triazinas/sangue , Adulto , Antimaníacos/uso terapêutico , Transtorno Bipolar/tratamento farmacológico , Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/fisiologia , Lamotrigina , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Análise de Regressão , Triazinas/uso terapêutico , Ácido Valproico/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Combined treatment with alendronate and eldecalcitol was found to be more effective in reducing the bone turnover markers and increasing bone mineral density than alendronate treatment with vitamin D3 and calcium supplementation in the osteoporotic patients. INTRODUCTION: We compared the clinical efficacy and safety of combined treatment with alendronate plus eldecalcitol (ALN + ELD) with those of treatment with ALN plus vitamin D and calcium (ALN + VitD). METHODS: Osteoporotic 219 patients were randomly assigned to the ALN + ELD, or the ALN + VitD group. Primary endpoint was the inter-group differences in lumbar spine BMD (L-BMD) at patient's last visit. Secondary endpoints included the differences in BMD at other sites and the bone turnover marker (BTM) levels. RESULTS: L-BMD, total hip BMD and femoral neck (FN-BMD) increased from baseline by 7.30, 2.41, and 2.70 % in the ALN + ELD group, and by 6.52, 2.27, and 1.18% in the ALN + VitD group, respectively. Inter-group differences of the L-BMD and total hip BMD values were not significant. The increase of the FN-BMD was larger in the ALN + ELD group than the ALN + VitD group. Reductions of the BTMs were greater in the ALN + ELD group than the ALN + VitD group. Interaction of the percent increase of the L-BMD with the baseline values of the BTMs was observed in the ALN + VitD group only. The increases of the FN-BMD in patients with lower baseline values of type-I-collagen C-telopeptide (sCTX) and serum 25(OH) D levels <20 ng/mL were significantly larger in the ALN + ELD group than the other group. CONCLUSION: Combination treatment of ALN plus ELD was more effective in reducing the BTMs and increasing the FN-BMD than ALN treatment with vitamin D3 and calcium.
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Alendronato/administração & dosagem , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/administração & dosagem , Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Colecalciferol/administração & dosagem , Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Densidade Óssea , Remodelação Óssea , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia , Resultado do Tratamento , Vitamina D/administração & dosagemAssuntos
Coristoma/diagnóstico , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/diagnóstico por imagem , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/etiologia , Pâncreas , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers/complicações , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers/diagnóstico por imagem , Complicações na Gravidez , Gastropatias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicações , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório , Endossonografia , Feminino , Gastrectomia/métodos , Humanos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers/patologia , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers/cirurgia , Gravidez , Antro Pilórico , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgiaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: This multi-center, prospective, open-label, observational study evaluated the effects of once-monthly minodronate (50 mg) on treatment persistence, bone turnover markers, bone mineral density, low back pain, and upper gastrointestinal symptoms in outpatients with osteoporosis previously treated with daily or weekly bisphosphonate products. INTRODUCTION: The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of once-monthly oral minodronate (MIN 50 mg) on bone turnover markers and bone mineral density, low back pain, and upper gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as preference for and treatment persistence of MIN 50 mg among Japanese osteoporosis patients currently treated with daily or weekly bisphosphonates. METHODS: Study patients were allocated based on their preference to either the Switch group (patients willing to switch over to MIN 50 mg) or the Continue group (patients wanting to continue their current therapies). Patients' treatment persistence and satisfaction levels with the therapies were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. The study endpoints were serum TRACP-5b, serum P1NP, bone mineral density, upper gastrointestinal symptoms, and low back pain. RESULTS: In total, 264 and 133 patients were allocated into the Switch and Continue groups, respectively. Approximately, 65 % of patients were willing to switch to MIN 50 mg, with the predominant reason being "less frequent dosing more convenient." Treatment persistence was significantly higher in the Switch group (MIN 50 mg) than the Continue group. Almost all patients with abnormal bone metabolism markers demonstrated normalization after switchover. MIN 50 mg alleviated low back pain and upper gastrointestinal symptoms induced by prior bisphosphonate use. CONCLUSIONS: MIN 50 mg alleviates low back pain, reduces bone turnover markers and increases bone density, and induces fewer upper gastrointestinal symptoms after switchover from prior bisphosphonate products, and therefore, it may provide patients with a more convenient treatment option and enhance long-term treatment persistence.
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Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/administração & dosagem , Difosfonatos/uso terapêutico , Imidazóis/administração & dosagem , Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/efeitos adversos , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/uso terapêutico , Difosfonatos/administração & dosagem , Difosfonatos/efeitos adversos , Esquema de Medicação , Substituição de Medicamentos , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Imidazóis/efeitos adversos , Imidazóis/uso terapêutico , Dor Lombar/etiologia , Dor Lombar/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Adesão à Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoporose/complicações , Osteoporose/fisiopatologia , Preferência do Paciente , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Hybrid zones may serve as bridges permitting gene flow between species, including alleles influencing the evolution of breeding systems. Using greenhouse crosses, we assessed the likelihood that a hybrid zone could serve as a conduit for transfer of nuclear male-sterility alleles between a gynodioecious species and a hermaphroditic species with very rare females in some populations. Segregation patterns in progeny of crosses between rare females of hermaphroditic Schiedea menziesii and hermaphroditic plants of gynodioecious Schiedea salicaria heterozygous at the male-sterility locus, and between female S. salicaria and hermaphroditic plants from the hybrid zone, were used to determine whether male-sterility was controlled at the same locus in the parental species and the hybrid zone. Segregations of females and hermaphrodites in approximately equal ratios from many of the crosses indicate that the same nuclear male-sterility allele occurs in the parent species and the hybrid zone. These rare male-sterility alleles in S. menziesii may result from gene flow from S. salicaria through the hybrid zone, presumably facilitated by wind pollination in S. salicaria. Alternatively, rare male-sterility alleles might result from a reversal from gynodioecy to hermaphroditism in S. menziesii, or possibly de novo evolution of male sterility. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that some species of Schiedea have probably evolved separate sexes independently, but not in the lineage containing S. salicaria and S. menziesii. High levels of selfing and expression of strong inbreeding depression in S. menziesii, which together should favour females in populations, argue against a reversal from gynodioecy to hermaphroditism in S. menziesii.
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Caryophyllaceae/fisiologia , Polinização , Alelos , Fluxo Gênico , Hibridização Genética , Filogenia , ReproduçãoAssuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Ductos Biliares/diagnóstico por imagem , Ductos Biliares/patologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/diagnóstico , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ureterais/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Ductos Biliares/imunologia , Biópsia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/imunologia , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Fígado/imunologia , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Veia Porta/imunologia , Veia Porta/patologia , Prednisolona/uso terapêutico , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Pancreatite Autoimune/induzido quimicamente , Pancreatite Autoimune/diagnóstico por imagem , Nivolumabe/efeitos adversos , Pâncreas/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética , Endossonografia , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The yearly incidence of syphilis has risen markedly in Japan and worldwide. There has also been an increased incidence of human papilloma virus associated oropharyngeal cancer, which presents with clinical features similar to those of syphilis. OBJECTIVE: A case of syphilis with clinical manifestation resembling that of human papilloma virus associated oropharyngeal cancer is reported, along with a literature review of similar cases. METHODS: Clinical case reports and review of previous literature. CONCLUSION: Syphilis may cause irregular mucosal lesions of the oropharynx and cystic lymphadenopathy. It is difficult to diagnose syphilis only by examining pathological specimens, without clinical information such as Treponema pallidum antibody findings. It is necessary to correctly understand the characteristics of syphilis and human papilloma virus associated oropharyngeal cancer to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment.
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Neoplasias Orofaríngeas , Sífilis , Humanos , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Sífilis/tratamento farmacológico , Papillomavirus Humano , Incidência , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/epidemiologia , Treponema pallidumRESUMO
Impaired microcirculation can cause lymphatic leakage which leads to a chronic swelling in the tissues of the body. However, no successful treatment gives any protection against lymphedema due to the lack of well-revealed pathophysiology of secondary lymphedema. Binary image of laminin immunohistochemical expression revealed that distribution of laminin expression localized during surgically induced lymphedema. 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR) mRNA expression showed a peak at during lymphedema exacerbation. Since the response of 67LR molecules may affect the prevention of inflammation and edema, here we have hypothesized that 67LR ligand of YIGSR peptide could permit reconstructive environment for amelioration of lymphedema and evaluated the effect of YIGSR in a mouse tail model of lymphedema. Indeed, intra-abdominal injections of YIGSR for the first 3 days after inducing lymphedema in the mouse tail model reduced the tail lymphedema on day 14 by 27% (P = 0.035). Histology showed that YIGSR treatment protected lymphedema impairment in epidermis and dermis, and it also inhibited the expansion of intercellular spaces and enhanced especially cell adhesion in the basement membrane as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Interestingly, the treatment also reduced the local expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)ß. Further elucidation of the mechanisms of 67LR-facilitated lymphangiogenesis contributes to find potential targets for the treatment of lymphedema.
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We report the discovery of a pressure-induced heavy fermion superconductivity in a nonmagnetic orbital ordering state in the cubic compound PrTi(2)Al(20). In particular, we found that the transition temperature and the effective mass associated with the superconductivity are dramatically enhanced as the system approaches the putative quantum critical point of the orbital order. Our experiment indicates that the strong orbital fluctuations may provide a nonmagnetic glue for Cooper pairing.
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Infectious coryza is an acute respiratory disease caused by infection with Avibacterium (Haemophilus) paragallinarum. It is characterized by nasal discharge and facial swelling and is associated with growth retardation and a reduction in egg production. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests are used to estimate vaccine-induced immunity against infectious coryza in vitro; however, these procedures are complicated and their sensitivity is insufficient. To address these problems, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique using serovar-specific regions of HMTp210 (210 kDa), an outer-membrane protein of A. paragallinarum, was developed to measure the antibodies against infectious coryza. Chickens with an ELISA titer of 0.3 or more did not exhibit clinical signs of infectious coryza against challenge with A. paragallinarum, although their HI antibody titers were negative. On the other hand, chickens with an ELISA titer below 0.3 exhibited clinical signs of the disease with one exception. Antibody prevalence rates on ELISA were 80% and 60% against infection with serovars A and C, respectively, and ELISA also detected antibodies in chickens infected with A. paragallinarum with a sensitivity higher than that of HI tests. Taken together, the ELISA technique developed in this study is a valuable tool for the measurement of antibodies produced against the infectious coryza vaccine or in response to an infection with A. paragallinarum.
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Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Galinhas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Infecções por Haemophilus/veterinária , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus/imunologia , Haemophilus paragallinarum/imunologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Feminino , Infecções por Haemophilus/imunologia , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus/administração & dosagem , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação/veterinária , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/administração & dosagem , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/imunologiaRESUMO
The present study aimed to determine the primary sequence of ovine xenin and clarify the mRNA expression and peptide localization of xenin in the gastrointestinal tract in sheep. The colocalization of xenin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide was also compared in the antrum and duodenum. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of ovine xenin revealed a high degree (97.9%) of sequence homology of the sequence between sheep and cattle, and the amino acids sequence determined for ovine xenin coincided (100%) with that of other mammalian species. Real-time quantitative PCR for ovine xenin did not show regional difference in the mRNA expression ratio of xenin. In contrast to the real-time quantitative PCR results, anti-xenin positive cells were abundantly localized in the abomasal antrum (P < 0.01) and at a lesser amount in the duodenum, but no antixenin positive cells were observed in the other regions. Anti-xenin single-positive cells were in a majority in the abomasal antrum, whereas anti-xenin single-positive cells, and anti-GIP single-positive cells, and double-positive cells were even colocalized in the duodenum. These results suggest that abomasal antrum is a major source of xenin in the ovine gastrointestinal tract.