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PURPOSE: Hip fracture is a common condition among older adults. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of nutritional status and comorbidity burden on changes in functionality, fall risk, and pain intensity one month after hip surgery in older adults with in-hospital rehabilitation. METHODS: Thirty-six hip fracture patients (55.6% female) aged 65 years or older with indication for surgical resolution were recruited. The main outcomes were functional independence (Barthel Index), risk of falls (Downton Falls Risk Index) and pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale), assessed preoperatively and one month after discharge. Covariates included age, sex, BMI, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment). For the inferential analysis, a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied. RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed in functional independence (11.0 points, 95% CI: 1.7 to 20.3), risk of falls (-2.8 points, 95% CI: -4.0 to -1.7) and pain intensity (-2.6 points, 95% CI: -3.4 to -1.9). Among the covariates, a significant interaction was found between the CCI and improvements in functional independence (F=7.03, p=0.010, η2p=0.093), while nutritional status showed a significant interaction with pain reduction (F=5.65, p=0.020, η2p=0.075). CONCLUSION: A lower comorbidity burden was associated with greater postoperative functional independence, while better nutritional status was associated with a greater reduction in postoperative pain intensity.
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AIM OF THE STUDY: Analyze the association between social health determinants (SHD) and chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHOD: A cross-sectional study was performed in 58 TKA patients. The subjects were classified in two groups: with (n = 22) or without (n = 36) CPSP. SHD considered were gender, age, educational level, economic income, and labour conditions. RESULTS: Significant differences were found concerning educational level when comparing subjects with or without CPSP, with a low educational level of 22.4% and 19%, respectively. 15.5% of patients with persistent pain had a high educational level compared with 43.1% of the patients without persistent pain (p = 0.032). No significant differences were found for the other categories (p > 0.05). The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 3.28 (1.09-9.93) for lower educational level compared with high educational level. DISCUSSION: CPSP must be considered a severe health problem. In addition to SDH, there are multiple factors associated with chronic pain after TKA that must be considered for an effective treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with lower educational level showed a three-time higher association to develop CPSP. Considering SHD could be of relevance when elaborating new interventions or health strategies and more specialized counseling for patients with persistent pain after TKA.
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Artroplastia do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Dor Crônica/etiologia , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Identify gender gaps in the employment conditions, work and quality of life of informal sellers in Vega Central of Chile. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with eighty workers, who answered modules of the Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Empleo, Trabajo y Salud (ENETS - National Survey of Employment, Work and Health Conditions) and the SF-36 Health Questionnaire for data collection. We performed a descriptive analysis to determine the characteristics of the population and the Chi-square test to study correlations between each of the variables with gender. RESULTS: Of the sample, fifty (62.5%) are male and thirty (37.5%) are female. Both groups have similar conditions of employment, work and quality of life. However, women express greater fear than men do with respect to demanding better working conditions, as well as more discouragement and sadness during the workday and a worse perception of their state of health. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies for the promotion and prevention of occupational health and social security should consider a gender perspective on working conditions and health indicators, allowing women to develop tools to demand fair conditions and promote employer obligations to care for the well-being of male and female workers.
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Emprego , Qualidade de Vida , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , OcupaçõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation status of the Community-Based Rehabilitation in Chile. METHODS: Quantitative, transversal and descriptive study. The scope was constituted by the 66 community-based rehabilitation centers in the Chilean Metropolitan Region that implemented Community-Based Rehabilitation until December 2016. The sampling was based on a census method, so all the community centers were contacted. A self-administered questionnaire designed based on the Community-Based Rehabilitation matrix defined by the World Health Organization was applied. The questionnaire was answered on-line by the coordinators of the strategy in their respective centers. The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A heterogeneous level of implementation of Community-Based Rehabilitation was identified, specifically in terms of the components of the matrix described by the World Health Organization. The most implemented component was Health; the Social, Livelihood and Empowerment components were moderately implemented; and the Education component was the least implemented. CONCLUSION: The implementation of Community-Based Rehabilitation is mainly based on the Health component. The level implementation of the other components of the matrix needs to be increased, as well as interdisciplinary and intersectoral strategies to achieve greater social inclusion of people with disabilities.
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Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/estatística & dados numéricos , Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoas com Deficiência/reabilitação , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Reabilitação/organização & administração , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Chile , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/organização & administração , Estudos Transversais , Pessoas com Deficiência/estatística & dados numéricos , Educação em Saúde , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
En el cruce entre la revolución tecnológica y la educación en ciencias de la rehabilitación y del movimiento humano, la inteligencia artificial (IA) emerge como herramienta transformadora en los cursos de metodología de investigación. Este artículo destaca su potencial para optimizar la experiencia de aprendizaje y personalizar la instrucción, pero enfatiza la necesidad crucial de abordar desafíos éticos y pedagógicos. Propone orientaciones para equilibrar la innovación educativa y la responsabilidad académica, resaltando la importancia de la implementación consciente y planificada de la IA en los equipos de investigación en ciencias de la rehabilitación y del movimiento humano, garantizando así la integridad científica y ética en este campo en constante evolución.
In the intersection between technological advancements and education in rehabilitation science, artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a transformative tool in research methodology. This article navigates the ethical and academic considerations tied to the incorporation of AI in rehabilitation and movement science courses. While acknowledging its potential to enhance learning experiences, it critically addresses the imperative to tackle ethical and pedagogical challenges. The paper offers guidance to strike a balance between educational innovation and academic responsibility. It emphasizes the need for a conscientious and planned implementation of AI, ensuring both scientific integrity and ethical adherence in this dynamically evolving field.
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PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the educational environment (EE) among students in a physical therapy undergraduate program, to identify patterns in EE perceptions among the students by year, and to determine issues that should be addressed. METHODS: The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was used to explore the relationships among the total mean score, subscales, and items in a competency-based curriculum in the physical therapy program at the University of Chile. The DREEM questionnaire was filled out by 166 of 244 students (68.03%), of whom 56.6% were men and 43.4% were women, with 75.9% between 19 and 23 years of age. RESULTS: The total mean score (120.9/200) indicated that the EE was perceived as 'more positive than negative.' There were significant differences (P<0.05) between first-year students (113.41), who reported the lowest total mean score, and fourth-year students (126.60), who had the highest total mean score. Students rated their EE favorably on each subscale except social self-perceptions, which second-year students rated as 'not too bad,' and for which first-, third-, and fourth-year students gave a rating corresponding to 'not a nice place.' On the perceptions of teachers subscale, there were significant differences (P<0.05) between first-year students (28.05/44) and fourth-year students (32.24/44) and between second-year students (28.72/44) and fourth-year students (32.24/44). On the academic self-perceptions subscale, there were significant differences (P<0.05) between first-year students (18.12/32) and second-year (21.68/32), third-year (22.33/32), and fourth-year students (21.87/32). CONCLUSION: Physical therapy students at the University of Chile had positive perceptions of their EE. First-year students rated the largest number of items as problematic. Improvements are required across the program in the specific subscales mentioned above.
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Educação Baseada em Competências , Percepção , Especialidade de Fisioterapia/educação , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde/psicologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Currículo , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Universidades , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Este artículo se enfoca en entregar una guía el la clasificación y la operacionalización de variables en las ciencias de la rehabilitación. Destaca la diversidad de variables cualitativas y cuantitativas en este ámbito, resaltando la complejidad asociada con la medición de la funcionalidad humana. La clasificación precisa de estas variables proporciona un marco conceptual sólido para la elección adecuada de métodos de medición. Se examina a fondo el proceso de operacionalización, enfatizando la necesidad de traducir conceptos abstractos en medidas observables. La distinción entre variables conceptuales y operacionales se subraya como crucial para garantizar la validez en investigación y práctica clínica. En conclusión, el artículo destaca la importancia de la claridad conceptual y la aplicación rigurosa de la operacionalización de variables en la rehabilitación, no solo para mejorar la toma de decisiones clínicas, sino también para contribuir al avance del conocimiento en este campo, fortaleciendo la base teórica y práctica de las ciencias de la rehabilitación.
This article delves into classification of variables and their operationalization within the context of rehabilitation sciences. Exploring the intricate landscape of qualitative and quantitative variables inherent in this field, the study emphasizes the complexities associated with measuring human functionality. Precise classification of these variables establishes a robust conceptual framework for the judicious selection of measurement methods. The operationalization process is examined in-depth, underscoring the imperative to translate abstract concepts into observable metrics. The pivotal distinction between conceptual and operational variables is highlighted as crucial for ensuring validity in both research and clinical practice. In conclusion, the article underscores the significance of conceptual clarity and rigorous application of variable operationalization in rehabilitation, not only to enhance clinical decision-making but also to contribute to advancing knowledge in the field, fortifying the theoretical and practical foundation of rehabilitation sciences.
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Introducción. El Estudio Nacional de la Discapacidad y Dependencia (ENDIDE) y el III Estudio Nacional de la Discapacidad (ENDISC) son investigaciones de relevancia en Chile que utilizan la estadística para comprender la situación de las personas con discapacidad en el país. Estos estudios recopilan datos cuantitativos y cualitativos sobre la discapacidad, permitiendo obtener información actualizada sobre su prevalencia, tipos de discapacidad, acceso a servicios y barreras enfrentadas. La utilización de la estadística en estos estudios es crucial para identificar necesidades, diseñar políticas inclusivas y evaluar el impacto de las intervenciones en la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad en Chile. Es relevante comprender las metodologías y pertinencia de estos datos para el desarrollo de la kinesiología, según indica la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con discapacidad.
Background. The National Study on Disability and Dependency (ENDIDE) and the III National Study on Disability (ENDISC) are relevant investigations in Chile that use statistics to understand the situation of people with disabilities in the country. These studies collect quantitative and qualitative data on disability, allowing to obtain updated information on its prevalence, types of disability, access to services and barriers faced. The use of statistics in these studies is crucial to identify needs, design inclusive policies and assess the impact of explosions on the quality of life of people with disabilities in Chile. It is important to understand the methodologies and relevance of these data for the development of kinesiology, as indicated by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
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Este artículo aborda los principios esenciales para la estimación del tamaño muestral en estudios cuantitativos de ciencias de la rehabilitación y movimiento humano. Además, proporciona una guía práctica y accesible sobre el diseño de investigaciones rigurosas, abordando conceptos clave como la precisión, nivel de confianza, nivel de significancia y potencia estadística, fundamentales para obtener resultados válidos y confiables. También se explora cómo estos parámetros influyen en la generalización de hallazgos y la detección de diferencias significativas, así como la importancia de un tamaño muestral adecuado para que los futuros investigadores mejoren la calidad de sus estudios en campos de la rehabilitación y el movimiento humano.
This article addresses the essential principles for sample size estimation in quantitative studies of rehabilitation sciences and human movement. In addition, it provides a practical and accessible guide on the design of rigorous investigations, addressing key concepts such as precision, confidence level, significance level and statistical power, essential to obtain valid and reliable results. It also explores how these parameters influence the generalization of findings and the detection of significant differences, as well as the importance of an adequate sample size for future researchers to improve the quality of their studies in the fields of rehabilitation and human movement.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: La situación epidemiológica actual conlleva un aumento de personas con dependencia y necesidades de cuidados familiares, principalmente realizados por mujeres sin remuneración y con alta sobrecarga. Esto desafía al sistema de salud, específicamente a la atención primaria. El objetivo del estudio fue comprender las experiencias de cuidado domiciliario desde la perspectiva de cuidadoras y personas con dependencia, participantes del Programa de Atención Domiciliaria de Personas con Dependencia Severa en la atención primaria en una comuna de la Región Metropolitana de Chile. MÉTODOS: Se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 6 cuidadoras y a 6 personas con dependencia, con un análisis de contenido cualitativo. Los hallazgos sobre las experiencias de cuidados fueron organizados en las esferas familiar, social y del sistema de salud. RESULTADOS: Los apoyos familiares son esenciales para el cuidado y otorgan mayor satisfacción a las personas con dependencia que a sus cuidadoras. La disponibilidad de redes de apoyo comunitario y de servicios sociales es escasa y con poca información. El sistema de salud es clave para apoyar los cuidados domiciliarios; no obstante, es descrito como poco oportuno e incapaz de dar seguimiento a las necesidades. DISCUSIÓN: Las limitadas redes de apoyo, la desinformación y la lejanía con los programas sociales y de salud desbalancean la responsabilidad de los cuidados sobre las familias.
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Atenção Primária à Saúde , Saúde da Família , Cuidadores , Relações FamiliaresRESUMO
Los Derechos Humanos representan garantías mínimas, las cuales las instituciones de salud deben asumir con profesionales capacitados, incluyendo kinesiólogos. Para ello, la formación en Derechos Humanos debe estar incluida en todo el currículum de pregrado. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo describir los conocimientos y percepciones sobre Derechos Humanos desde la perspectiva de kinesiólogos y kinesiólogas en Chile. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se obtuvieron 86 respuestas a través de un cuestionario online (Google Form). Se desarrolló un análisis de datos descriptivo e inferencial mediante ji cuadrado. De las 86 respuestas, sobre el 50% señaló que son vulnerados derechos a pensión, medio ambiente, trabajo, agua, educación, vivienda, salud, justicia y trato digno. Se reconoció al Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos la principal institución para denunciar. Un 60,5% destaca la necesidad de formación en Derechos Humanos. Se destacó que las mujeres perciben mayor vulnerabilidad. Sin embargo, manifiestan menor interés en formación. La formación en derechos humanos en kinesiología es de interés y necesidad de la disciplina.
Human Rights represent minimum guarantees, which health institutions must assume with trained professionals, including physiotherapists. Therefore, training in Human Rights must be included thorough undergraduate curricula. The aim of this study is to describe the knowledge and perceptions about Human Rights from the disciplinar perspective of physiotherapists in Chile. A quantitative, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed. 86 responses were obtained through an online questionnaire (google form). A descriptive and inferential data analysis was performed using chi square. Of the 86 responses, over 50% indicated that rights to pension, environment, work, water, education, housing, health, justice and dignified treatment are violated. The "Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos" was recognized as the main institution to denounce. 60.5% highlight the need for training in Human Rights. It was highlighted that women perceive greater vulnerability. Nevertheless, they show less interest in training. Training in Human Rights in physiotherapists is of interest and desire of the discipline.
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INTRODUCTION: Manual therapy has shown clinical results in patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, the biomechanical aspects during functional tasks have not been explored in depth. METHODS: Through surface electromyography, the medial and lateral co-contractions of the knee were measured while descending stairs, prior and posterior to applying a manual therapy protocol in the knee, with emphasis on techniques of joint mobilization and soft-tissue management. RESULTS: Sixteen females with slight or moderate knee osteoarthritis were recruited (eight experimental, eight control). It was observed that the lateral co-contraction index of the experimental group, posterior to intervention, increased by 11.7% (p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: The application of a manual therapy protocol with emphasis on techniques of joint mobilization and soft-tissue management modified lateral co-contraction, which would have a protective effect on the joint.
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Manipulações Musculoesqueléticas/métodos , Osteoartrite do Joelho/reabilitação , Idoso , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Eletromiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Método Simples-CegoRESUMO
Resumen Este estudio busca describir experiencias y percepciones sobre discapacidad y participación social de personas con discapacidad y profesionales sanitarios de centros de rehabilitación comunitaria de la Región Metropolitana de Chile. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con muestreo teórico de actores claves en cuatro centros. Se realizaron 16 grupos focales y análisis de contenido semántico. Las experiencias de personas con discapacidad son diversas, existen elementos comunes como la homologación de la dependencia con la discapacidad y el reconocimiento de barreras sociales. Las percepciones sobre discapacidad representan los modelos individual y social, esto último se evidencia en las injusticias y discriminaciones. La participación social es intensa y afectiva en el centro de salud, sin embargo, otros espacios de participación son escasos. Las concepciones sobre discapacidad y niveles de participación señalan la necesidad de más lineamientos, capacitación y recursos para la efectiva implementación de la rehabilitación comunitaria.
Abstract This study seeks to describe experiences and perceptions about disability and social participation of people with disabilities and professionals who are part of community rehabilitation centers in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. A qualitative study was carried out with a theoretical sampling of key actors from 4 community rehabilitation centers. 16 focus groups were conducted and a semantic content analysis was applied. The experiences of people with disabilities are diverse, there are common elements such as dependency made equivalent to disability and recognition of social barriers. Perceptions of disability represent individual and social models. The latter appears when injustices and discrimination are experienced. Social participation linked to the center is intense and affective. However, other participation spaces are scarce. The concepts of disability and levels of social participation show the need for more guidelines, training and resources for an effective implementation of community rehabilitation.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Reabilitação , Percepção Social , Pessoas com Deficiência , Participação Social , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: La rehabilitación basada en la comunidad (RBC) busca mejorar el acceso a la rehabilitación y la inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad. Los escasos estudios realizados muestran experiencias heterogéneas en su implementación. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las experiencias y percepciones sobre RBC de profesionales sanitarios, personas con discapacidad y familiares participantes en centros de atención primaria de la Región Metropolitana de Chile. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo exploratorio-descriptivo. A través de un muestreo de caso típico se seleccionaron profesionales sanitarios, hombres y mujeres con discapacidad física y familiares. Se desarrollaron 16 entrevistas grupales semiestructuradas, 4 por cada grupo. Se realizó análisis de contenido semántico mediante codificación inductiva y deductiva. RESULTADOS: La RBC es valorada positivamente por las personas con discapacidad y familiares. Sin embargo, los profesionales consideran que es insuficiente para lograr la inclusión social. DISCUSIÓN: Existen barreras y facilitadores para la implementación de la RBC. Su ubicación en la Atención Primaria permite flexibilidad en la atención. No obstante, se centra en intervenciones de rehabilitación física, relegando la salud integral y el trabajo intersectorial a un segundo plano. Se requiere capacitar a los equipos sanitarios para proveer una rehabilitación integral, que contribuya a la inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad
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Atenção Primária à Saúde , Reabilitação , Centros de Reabilitação , Pessoas com Deficiência , Implementação de Plano de SaúdeRESUMO
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the implementation status of the Community-Based Rehabilitation in Chile. METHODS Quantitative, transversal and descriptive study. The scope was constituted by the 66 community-based rehabilitation centers in the Chilean Metropolitan Region that implemented Community-Based Rehabilitation until December 2016. The sampling was based on a census method, so all the community centers were contacted. A self-administered questionnaire designed based on the Community-Based Rehabilitation matrix defined by the World Health Organization was applied. The questionnaire was answered on-line by the coordinators of the strategy in their respective centers. The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS A heterogeneous level of implementation of Community-Based Rehabilitation was identified, specifically in terms of the components of the matrix described by the World Health Organization. The most implemented component was Health; the Social, Livelihood and Empowerment components were moderately implemented; and the Education component was the least implemented. CONCLUSION The implementation of Community-Based Rehabilitation is mainly based on the Health component. The level implementation of the other components of the matrix needs to be increased, as well as interdisciplinary and intersectoral strategies to achieve greater social inclusion of people with disabilities.
RESUMEN OBJETIVO Describir el estado de implementación de la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad en Chile. MÉTODOS Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo. El universo estuvo conformado por los 66 centros comunitarios de rehabilitación de la Región Metropolitana de Chile que implementaron la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad hasta diciembre de 2016. El muestreo tuvo intención censal, por lo que se contactaron todos los centros comunitarios. Se aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado diseñado con base a la matriz de Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad definida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El cuestionario fue respondido on-line por los coordinadores de la estrategia en sus respectivos centros. El análisis de datos se realizó utilizando estadígrafos descriptivos. RESULTADOS Se identificó un nivel heterogéneo de implementación de la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad, específicamente en cuanto a los componentes de la matriz descrita por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El componente más implementado fue Salud; los componentes Social, Subsistencia y Fortalecimiento fueron medianamente implementados; y el componente Educación fue el menos implementado. CONCLUSIÓN La implementación de la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad se basa principalmente en el componente Salud. Se requiere aumentar el nivel de implementación de los otros componentes de la matriz, así como de estrategias interdisciplinarias e intersectoriales para lograr una mayor inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad.
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Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Reabilitação/organização & administração , Pessoas com Deficiência/reabilitação , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/estatística & dados numéricos , Participação da Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Chile , Educação em Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pessoas com Deficiência/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/organização & administração , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de SaúdeRESUMO
Se ha identificado una sobrecarga laboral en mujeres durante el embarazo. Suelen presentar una alta prevalencia de trastornos mús culo-esqueléticos, no obstante existe poca evidencia sobre su progresión en los trimestres y asociación con carga de trabajo. OBJETIVO: Describir la carga de trabajo, factor físico biomecánico y percepción de molestias músculo-esqueléticas (PMME) en trabajadoras embara zadas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio de diseño observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Muestreo por conveniencia de 80 mujeres emba razadas de la Unidad de Medicina Materno Fetal del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Se describe la muestra a través de la evaluación de carga de trabajo, factores físicos biomecánicos, dificultades percibidas al realizar su tarea mediante una hoja de recolección de información diseñada específicamente para la investigación, usan do metodología en ergonomía. RESULTADOS: Las PMME presentan una prevalencia de un 90%, destacando la zona de la espalda baja y cadera/nalgas/muslos. Las posturas mantenidas o forzadas fueron el factor más prevalente. Una de cada 6 embarazadas refirieron continuar realizando manejo manual de carga. La mayoría de las trabaja doras presentaron un alto riesgo en su carga de trabajo. CONCLUSIONES PRINCIPALES: Las embarazadas están expuestas a altos niveles de carga de trabajo determinado por exigencia mental.
It have been detected overload work among women during preg nancy. Often they present a high prevalence on HYPERLINK “https://www.google.cl/search?q=work+related+musculoskeletal+disorder&spell=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiw2IS2gePTAhWDD5AKHbK5DcoQvwUIIigA” work related musculoskeletal disorder; however there is little evidence about their progression during the pregnancy's trimester and the association with work load. OBJECTIVE: Describe work load, physical and biomechanical factors, perception of musculoskeletal discomfort (PMSD) in pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Sampling by convenience of 80 pregnant women of the Maternal-fetal care unit of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile. The sample is described trough the evaluation of workload, physical and biome chanical factors, trouble performing tasks by means of a sheet of collection of information created for this investigation, using ergo nomics methodology. RESULTS: The PMSD present a prevalence of 90%, stands out the lower back and hips/buttocks/thigh areas. The forced or maintained postures ware the most prevalent factor. One in six pregnant women referred continuing performing weight manual handling tasks. Most of the women presents high workload. MAIN CONCLUSION: Pregnant women are exposed to high levels of workload determined by mental exigence.
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Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Mulheres Trabalhadoras , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Carga de Trabalho , Dor Musculoesquelética/psicologia , Ergonomia , Chile , Projetos Piloto , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Análise de Variância , Serviços de Saúde Materno-Infantil , Dor Musculoesquelética/epidemiologia , Hospitais UniversitáriosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Describir factor de ponderación de riesgo del factor técnica de manipulación combinada (5 técnicas), analizando sus diferencias en condición dinámico-asimétrica, considerando la carga biomecánica en los segmentos extremidades superiores y columna. MÉTODO: Estudio cuasiexperimental, analítico y transversal, muestra por conveniencia de 100 sujetos (hombres y mujeres) en edad laboral, de la comunidad universitaria de la Universidad de Chile, evaluando cinco técnicas de manipulación de carga, utilizando sistema optoelectrónico, 3D Static Strength Prediction Program, electromiografía de superficie y percepción de esfuerzo. RESULTADOS: En extremidades superiores, se describen diferencias significativas entre técnicas en todas las variables de análisis biomecánico: el patrón de torque, activación muscular y percepción de esfuerzo es mayor en la técnica simétrica sobre hombros y asimétrica que en las otras técnicas. A nivel de columna, la actividad electromiográfica a nivel de erectores espinales entre técnicas es estadísticamente significativa. CONCLUSIÓN: Las técnicas con mayor carga biomecánica son las técnicas "Simétrica sobre Hombro" y "Asimétrica". La técnica "Simétrica a nivel de caderas" genera una carga intermedia, las técnicas "Simétrica a nivel de tronco" y de "Una mano" tienden a ser similares y las menos exigentes.
To describe risk weighting factor of combined manipulation technique factor (5 Technical), analyzing their differences in dynamic-asymmetrical condition, considering the biomechanical load on the upper limbs and spine segments. METHOD: Quasi-experimental, analytical and cross-sectional study, convenience sample of 100 subjects (male and female) in working age, from University of Chile community, assessing five load-handling techniques using optoelectronic system, 3D Static Strength Prediction Program, surface electromyography and perceived exertion. RESULTS: in upper extremities, significant differences in all variables techniques of biomechanical analysis are described: the pattern of torque, muscle activation and perceived exertion is higher in the symmetric on shoulders and asymmetric technique than the other techniques. In a column level, the electromyographic activity in a spinal erector level between techniques is statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The techniques with more biomechanical loading are "Symmetric on Shoulder" and "asymmetric" techniques. The "symmetrical hips level" technique generates an intermediate charge, techniques "trunk level Symmetric" and "One hand" tend to be similar and less demanding.