Genetic Predisposition to Male Breast Cancer: A Case Series.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Male breast cancer (MBC) is a very rare disorder affecting approximately 1 in 833 men. Genetic predisposition is one of the most important risk factors of MBC with BRCA2 being the most commonly mutated gene in males diagnosed with breast cancer. However, a large part of MBC heritability is still unexplained. This study sought to add to the data already available on the genetics of MBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study initially involved comprehensive analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2, followed by analysis of 43 genes implicated in cancer predisposition in a series of 100 Greek patients diagnosed with MBC between 1995-2015. RESULTS: Pathogenic variants were identified in 13 patients, with BRCA2 being the most commonly affected gene, followed by BRCA1, RAD50, RAD51B, and MSH3. CONCLUSION: In agreement with previous reports, BRCA2 is the most important genetic factor of MBC predisposition, while the remaining known cancer predisposition genes are each very rarely involved, rendering conclusions as to their cumulative effect difficult to draw.

Anti-CV2 associated cerebellar degeneration after complete response to chemoradiation of head and neck carcinoma.

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is a rare neurological disorder that frequently precedes the detection of malignancy. Here, we report the case of a 60 year-old woman with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue who developed a subacute cerebellar syndrome associated with the presence of anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid, after achieving complete remission of the primary tumor and the involved cervical lymph nodes by chemoradiation. The patient's symptoms on presentation were dizziness and gait unsteadiness. On examination she showed dysarthria, nystagmus and limb and gait ataxia. The diagnosis of paraneoplastic cerebellar syndrome was made on the basis of the clinical findings and immunological testing that revealed the presence of anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibodies in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid. This syndrome, which is very rare in association with head and neck cancer, commonly precedes the detection of malignancy by a year or more and has been documented in only a few cases after completion of anticancer treatment.

Advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in the elderly.

Systemic chemotherapy provides improvement in both survival and quality of life for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Elderly patients have more comorbidities and tend to tolerate more poorly aggressive chemotherapy and radiation therapy than younger individuals. Our purpose in this article is to summarize recent studies of single-agent chemotherapy and combination regimens with cytotoxic or targeted therapies in the management of elderly patients with advanced NSCLC. We have reviewed the available evidence in the literature to gauge the results of therapy for elderly patients with lung cancer. We found that single-agent chemotherapy remains the standard of care for nonselected elderly patients. Retrospective analyses suggest that the efficacy of platinum-based combination chemotherapy is similar in fit older and younger patients, with increased but acceptable toxicity for elderly patients. Therefore, the outcomes in the fit elderly mirror results observed in younger patients, although toxicity is generally greater.

Salvage treatment in metastatic breast cancer with weekly paclitaxel and bevacizumab.

BACKGROUND: Weekly paclitaxel (P) in combination with bevacizumab (B) is an effective regimen as initial treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We investigated in a phase II study the activity of the same regimen as salvage therapy in MBC. METHODS: Pretreated women with MBC received weekly P (90 mg/m(2) days 1, 8, 15) and B (10 mg/kg days 1, 15) every 28 days. B could continue after discontinuing P until disease progression. This was second-line chemotherapy for 30% and third-line or more for 70% of patients. RESULTS: A total of 40 patients were enrolled. Median age: 61 (range 32-80) years; postmenopausal: 80%; baseline ECOG performance status <2 in 80% of patients. Two patients (5%) achieved complete response, 10 (25%) partial response (overall response rate 30%; 95% CI 15.8-44.2), and 10 (25%) stable disease. The response rate was 28% for the patients who had previously received taxanes. After a median follow-up of 20.6 months, the median time to progression was 4.8 months (95% CI 1.7-7.8), median survival 13.0 months (95% CI 10.3-15.7), and the probability of 1-year survival 55.5%. Main grade 3-4 toxicities were neutropenia 42.5%, febrile neutropenia 5%, and asthenia 10%. There was one toxic death due to sepsis. CONCLUSION: The PB regimen is well tolerated and active as salvage therapy in pretreated women with MBC. It could be an effective option even for patients exposed to taxanes during prior treatments.

Docetaxel in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Systemic chemotherapy provides improvement in both survival and quality of life for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Docetaxel is the only agent currently approved for both first- and second-line treatment of advanced NSCLC. Multiple randomized clinical trials have established the efficacy of platinum-docetaxel regimens for the first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC. Carboplatin-based regimens and nonplatinum combinations with docetaxel also have proven efficacy in first-line therapy. Combinations of docetaxel with various novel targeted agents have produced encouraging data in Phase II trials. This review article summarizes recent studies of docetaxel as a single agent and in combination regimens with cytotoxic or targeted therapies in the management of patients with advanced NSCLC.

Paclitaxel and docetaxel in the treatment of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Paclitaxel and docetaxel are considered fundamental drugs in the treatment of breast cancer. OBJECTIVES: To review the current role of taxanes in the treatment breast cancer, with emphasis on data from randomized trials comparing the two taxanes. METHODS: We have reviewed the available evidence in the literature to gauge the results of therapy of early and advanced breast cancer with taxanes. RESULTS: Clinically benefits were first shown in metastatic setting. More recently, benefits have also been seen in the therapy of early-stage disease. It seems reasonable to consider either drug as standard treatment for node-positive early stage or metastatic breast cancer. Future studies should explore the optimal way of combining taxanes with novel biological and cytotoxic drugs. CONCLUSION: Based on existing evidence, clinicians should choose a taxane-based regimen for their patients, according to clinical activity, toxicity profile, pharmacokinetics, and a dosing schedule that best meets the therapeutic needs and convenience.