Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among truck drivers in the South of Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Truck drivers work under conditions that predispose them to a high prevalence of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, these factors have not been fully evaluated and are not usually considered to be within the scope of health or labor services. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 long-distance truck drivers; the drivers were all male and were aged 18-60 years. The clinical evaluation consisted of an assessment of social habits and demographic data and an evaluation of risk factors for CVD at 3 time points separated by a one-week interval. To assess the associations with risk factors were used univariate and multivariate analysis. The suitability of the final model fit was assessed via the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: Among all of the subjects, the prevalence of physical inactivity was 72.8%; consumption of alcoholic beverages, 66.8%; routine use of some type of stimulant during work activities, 19.2%; and smoking, 29%. Only 20.8% had a healthy weight, and 58.2% had an abdominal circumference greater than 102 cm. A diagnosis of arterial hypertension was confirmed in 45.2%, and abnormal glucose levels were detected in 16.4%. Although some of the truck drivers were aware of these conditions, most were not taking specific medications. The logistic regression analysis shows that the odds of hypertension and abnormal glucose levels were increased in truck drivers with abdominal obesity. Age and the family history of premature CVD also increased the chances of hypertension and the abnormal blood glucose levels were related to II or III grade obesity. CONCLUSION: Long-distance truck drivers showed a high prevalence of a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors; these risk factors make the drivers highly susceptible to the development of CVD. The associated risk factors, low compliance with drug treatment, and unique features of this profession suggest that traditional precautions are not sufficient to change this scenario.

[Integrative review: concepts and methods used in nursing]. / Revisão integrativa: conceitos e métodos utilizados na enfermagem.

UNLABELLED: Integrative review (IR) has an international reputation in nursing research and evidence-based practice. This IR aimed at identifying and analyzing the concepts and methods recommended to undertaking IR in nursing. Nine information resources,including electronic databases and grey literature were searched. Seventeen studies were included. The results indicate that: primary studies were mostly from USA; it is possible to have several research questions or hypotheses and include primary studies in the review from different theoretical and methodological approaches; it is a type of review that can go beyond the analysis and synthesis of findings from primary studies allowing exploiting other research dimensions, and that presents potentialities for the development of new theories and new problems for research. CONCLUSION: IR is understood as a very complex type of review and it is expected to be developed using standardized and systematic methods to ensure the required rigor of scientific research and therefore the legitimacy of the established evidence.

Statin restores cardiac autonomic response to acute hypoxia in hypercholesterolaemia.

BACKGROUND: Hypercholesterolaemia may alter cardiovascular autonomic function. We investigated the autonomic cardiovascular regulation during normoxia and hypoxia in familial isolated HC patients with or without statin treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Low (LF-RR) and high (HF-RR) components of spectral analysis of RR interval and systolic arterial pressure (LF-SAP) were obtained during 5 min of normoxia and isocapnic hypoxia (10% O(2) ) in 10 normotensive familial HC patients without medication, in seven HC patients after a 12-week treatment period with 40 mg of simvastatin (HC + SVT) and in eight matched normal volunteers (CO). RESULTS: The HC patients had significant impairment of cardiac autonomic modulation parameters compared with CO at normoxia, which was maintained or even accentuated during hypoxia; these parameters included lower total variance of RR, increased normalized LF-RR, decreased normalized HF-RR, increased LF-RR/HF-RR ratio, higher LF-SAP component and reduced α index. However, the HC + SVT group had a significant improvement in all parameters: the LF-RR and LF-SAP decreased (indicating a decrease in cardiac and vascular sympathetic activity), the HF-RR increased (indicating an increase in parasympathetic activity) and the spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity improved. These changes were detected at normoxia and were maintained during hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS: Our data are the first to show that isolated HC is characterized by an increase in cardiac and vasomotor sympathetic drive, a decrease in cardiac vagal modulation and baroreflex impairment during normoxia and hypoxia. In addition, our data suggest that statin treatment has a potential role in restoring the physiological cardiovascular autonomic control at baseline and during cardiovascular challenge.

Evaluation of IL-6, FoxP3 Treg lymphocytes, intestinal barrier biomarkers and the use of synbiotics in obese adolescents: a pilot study.

Aim: This prospective pilot study evaluated inflammatory and intestinal barrier biomarkers and the effects of a synbiotic in obese adolescents. Methods: Eighteen obese and 20 eutrophic adolescents were evaluated for body composition using bioimpedance analysis (BIA), body mass index (BMI), IL-6 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) serum levels, CD4 and FoxP3 Treg lymphocytes and monocytes. Synbiotic supplementation for 60 days was also evaluated for these parameters only in obese adolescents. Results: We observed an increase in CD4 lymphocyte (18.0 ± 12.4 vs. 8.9 ± 7.5; p < 0.01), IL-6 (0.30 ± 0.06 vs. 0.20 ± 0.06; p = 0.02) and LPS (0.18 ± 0.15 vs. 0.08 ± 0.05; p < 0.01) levels in obese compared to eutrophic adolescents. After synbiotic supplementation, FoxP3 Treg lymphocytes increased (14.0 ± 6.7 vs. 9.9 ± 5.4; p = 0.02) in obese adolescents. Conclusions: Obese adolescents presented a state of microinflammation and intestinal barrier breakdown, and synbiotic supplementation increased the expression of FoxP3 Treg lymphocytes, an anti-inflammatory regulator. Whether the increase in FoxP3 Treg lymphocytes may have an impact on inflammation and outcomes in obese adolescents deserves further evaluation.

Polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medications and associated factors among older adults with hypertension in primary care.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the prevalence and associations of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use among older adults with hypertension treated in primary care. METHODS: a cross-sectional study carried out with older adults with hypertension treated at a Family Health Strategy unit. Data collection included analysis of medical records, interviews and multidimensional assessment of older adults. Socio-demographic information and clinical variables were collected. Statistical analysis was performed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: polypharmacy prevalence was 38.09%, and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM), 28.57%. There was a significant association between polypharmacy and PIM use, altered sleep and ethnicity. PIM use was associated with polypharmacy, worse family functioning, and absence of a caregiver. Cognitive decline reduces the prevalence of these medications. CONCLUSIONS: polypharmacy and PIM use among older adults with hypertension represent a problem in this population, especially among the most vulnerable.

Effects of Citric Acid on the Healing Process of Chronic Wound due to Leprosy.

Objective: The aim was to describe the effects of the use of citric acid in the healing process of chronic leprosy wounds. Approach: This is a case series, carried out with 5 people with chronic leprosy wounds, under continuous care in an outpatient center wound care in the center-south region of Brazil. The intervention protocol consisted of topical application of 3% citric acid (ointment), on the wound bed, in a thin layer of approximately 2 mm, on alternate days, and followed up for a total period of 8 weeks and secondary coverage rayon and gauze. The cases were analyzed regarding wound dimensions, histology and clinical observation. Results: It was observed in all cases better aspect of the wound bed, presence of granulation tissue and decrease of the inflammatory process with predominance of lymphocytes, reduction of bacterial colonies, increase and verticalization of type I collagen fibers, reduction of type III collagen and increased areas of epithelialization. Innovation: There was also a reduction in the level of pain and exudation after the treatment protocol. Conclusions: Therefore, the use of citric acid in leprosy neuropathic wounds is promising and may be a treatment option, considering its cost, clinical management and possible effect on the chronic inflammatory process.

Brief periods of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation improve autonomic balance and alter circulating monocytes and endothelial cells in patients with metabolic syndrome: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: There is emerging evidence that the nervous system regulates immune and metabolic alterations mediating Metabolic syndrome (MetS) pathogenesis via the vagus nerve. This study evaluated the effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (TAVNS) on key cardiovascular and inflammatory components of MetS. METHODS: We conducted an open label, randomized (2:1), two-arm, parallel-group controlled trial in MetS patients. Subjects in the treatment group (n = 20) received 30 min of TAVNS with a NEMOS® device placed on the cymba conchae of the left ear, once weekly. Patients in the control group (n = 10) received no stimulation. Hemodynamic, heart rate variability (HRV), biochemical parameters, and monocytes, progenitor endothelial cells, circulating endothelial cells, and endothelial micro particles were evaluated at randomization, after the first TAVNS treatment, and again after 8 weeks of follow-up. RESULTS: An improvement in sympathovagal balance (HRV analysis) was observed after the first TAVNS session. Only patients treated with TAVNS for 8 weeks had a significant decrease in office BP and HR, a further improvement in sympathovagal balance, with a shift of circulating monocytes towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype and endothelial cells to a reparative vascular profile. CONCLUSION: These results are of interest for further study of TAVNS as treatment of MetS.

The Cholinergic Drug Galantamine Alleviates Oxidative Stress Alongside Anti-inflammatory and Cardio-Metabolic Effects in Subjects With the Metabolic Syndrome in a Randomized Trial.

Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an obesity-associated disorder of pandemic proportions and limited treatment options. Oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation and altered neural autonomic regulation, are important components and drivers of pathogenesis. Galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and a cholinergic drug that is clinically-approved (for Alzheimer's disease) has been implicated in neural cholinergic regulation of inflammation in several conditions characterized with immune and metabolic derangements. Here we examined the effects of galantamine on oxidative stress in parallel with inflammatory and cardio-metabolic parameters in subjects with MetS. Trial Design and Methods: The effects of galantamine treatment, 8 mg daily for 4 weeks or placebo, followed by 16 mg daily for 8 weeks or placebo were studied in randomly assigned subjects with MetS (n = 22 per group) of both genders. Oxidative stress, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase activities, lipid and protein peroxidation, and nitrite levels were analyzed before and at the end of the treatment. In addition, plasma cytokine and adipokine levels, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and other relevant cardio-metabolic indices were analyzed. Autonomic regulation was also examined by heart rate variability (HRV) before treatment, and at every 4 weeks of treatment. Results: Galantamine treatment significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities, including SOD [+1.65 USOD/mg protein, [95% CI 0.39-2.92], P = 0.004] and CAT [+0.93 nmol/mg, [95% CI 0.34-1.51], P = 0.01], decreased lipid peroxidation [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [log scale 0.72 pmol/mg, [95% CI 0.46-1.07], P = 0.05], and systemic nitrite levels [log scale 0.83 µmol/mg protein, [95% CI 0.57-1.20], P = 0.04] compared with placebo. In addition, galantamine significantly alleviated the inflammatory state and insulin resistance, and decreased the low frequency/high frequency ratio of HRV, following 8 and 12 weeks of drug treatment. Conclusion: Low-dose galantamine alleviates oxidative stress, alongside beneficial anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects, and modulates neural autonomic regulation in subjects with MetS. These findings are of considerable interest for further studies with the cholinergic drug galantamine to ameliorate MetS.

Waist Circumference Percentiles and Cut-Off Values for Obesity in a Large Sample of Students from 6 To 10 Years Old Of The São Paulo State, Brazil. / Os Percentis e Pontos de Corte da Circunferência Abdominal para Obesidade em uma Ampla Amostra de Estudantes de 6 a 10 Anos de Idade do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

BACKGROUD: The prevalence of obesity has systematically been increased in the population, including children and adolescents, around the world. OBJECTIVES: To describe reference percentile curves for waist circumference (WC) in Brazilian children and provide cut-off values of WC to identify children at risk for obesity. METHODS: A multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study was performed with children aged from 6 to 10 years old, enrolled in public and private elementary schools from 13 cities of the São Paulo State. Height, weight, and WC were measured in duplicate in 22,000 children (11,199 boys). To establish the WC best cut-off value for obesity diagnosis, ROC curves with children classified as normal weight and obese were calculated, according to BMI curves, stratified by gender and age, and the Youden Index was utilized as the maximum potential effectiveness of this biomarker. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: WC values increased with age in both boys and girls. The prevalence of obesity in each age group varied from 17% (6 years old) to 21.6% (9 years old) among boys, and from 14.1% (7 years old) to 17.3 % (9 years old) among girls. ROC analyses have shown the 75th percentile as a cut-off for obesity risk, and the diagnosis of obesity is classified on the 85th percentile or more. CONCLUSION: Age and gender specific reference curves of WC for Brazilian children and cut-off values for obesity risk may be used for national screening and interventional studies to reduce the obesity burden in Brazil. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(3):530-537).

FUNDAMENTO: A prevalência da obesidade vem aumentando sistematicamente na população, inclusive nas crianças e adolescentes, ao redor do mundo. OBJETIVOS: Descrever curvas percentílicas de referência para a circunferência abdominal (CA) nas crianças brasileiras e fornecer pontos de corte da CA para identificar crianças com risco de obesidade. MÉTODOS: Um estudo multicêntrico, prospectivo, tranversal foi realizado em crianças com idades entre 6 e 10 anos, matriculadas no ensino fundamental de escolas públicas e particulares de 13 cidades do estado de São Paulo. A estatura, o peso e a CA foram medidos em duplicata em 22.000 crianças (11.199 meninos). Para estabelecer o melhor ponto de corte da CA para o diagnóstico da obesidade, foram calculadas curvas ROC com crianças classificadas como com peso normal e obesas, de acordo com as curvas do IMC, estratificadas por gênero e idade, e o índice Youden foi utilizado como a eficácia potencial máxima desse biomarcador. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. RESULTADOS: Os valores da CA aumentaram com a idade, tanto nos meninos quanto nas meninas. A prevalência de obesidade em cada grupo variou de 17% (6 anos de idade) a 21,6 % (9 anos de idade), dentre os meninos, e de 14,1% (7 anos de idade) a 17,3 % (9 anos de idade), dentre as meninas. As análises ROC mostraram o percentil 75 como ponto de corte para o risco de obesidade, e o diagnóstico de obesidade está classificado no percentil 85 ou acima. CONCLUSÃO: Curvas de referência da CA específicas para idade e sexo em crianças brasileiras e pontos de corte para o risco de obesidade podem ser usados em triagem nacional e estudos intervencionais para reduzir a carga da obesidade no Brasil. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(3):530-537).

Polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medications and associated factors among older adults with hypertension in primary care / Polifarmacia, medicamentos potencialmente inapropiados y factores asociados entre adultos mayores con hipertensión en atención primaria / Polifarmácia, medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados e fatores associados entre idosos com hipertensão na atenção básica

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the prevalence and associations of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use among older adults with hypertension treated in primary care. Methods: a cross-sectional study carried out with older adults with hypertension treated at a Family Health Strategy unit. Data collection included analysis of medical records, interviews and multidimensional assessment of older adults. Socio-demographic information and clinical variables were collected. Statistical analysis was performed by multiple logistic regression. Results: polypharmacy prevalence was 38.09%, and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM), 28.57%. There was a significant association between polypharmacy and PIM use, altered sleep and ethnicity. PIM use was associated with polypharmacy, worse family functioning, and absence of a caregiver. Cognitive decline reduces the prevalence of these medications. Conclusions: polypharmacy and PIM use among older adults with hypertension represent a problem in this population, especially among the most vulnerable.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia y asociaciones de polifarmacia y uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropiados entre ancianos hipertensos atendidos en atención primaria. Métodos: estudio transversal, realizado con ancianos hipertensos atendidos en una unidad de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. La recolección de datos incluyó análisis de historias clínicas, entrevistas y evaluación multidimensional de los ancianos. Se recogió información sociodemográfica y variables clínicas. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: la prevalencia de polifarmacia fue de 38,09% y de medicación potencialmente inapropiada (MPI), de 28,57%. Hubo una asociación significativa entre la polifarmacia y el uso de MPI, la alteración del sueño y el origen étnico. El uso de MPI se asoció con polifarmacia, peor funcionamiento familiar y ausencia de un cuidador. El deterioro cognitivo reduce la prevalencia de estos medicamentos. Conclusiones: la polifarmacia y el uso de MPI entre personas mayores con hipertensión representan un problema en esta población, especialmente entre los más vulnerables.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a prevalência e as associações da polifarmácia e uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados entre idosos com hipertensão atendidos na atenção básica. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado com idosos com hipertensão atendidos em unidade da Estratégia Saúde da Família. A coleta de dados englobou análise de prontuário, entrevista e avaliação multidimensional dos idosos. Foram coletadas informações socioedemográficas e variáveis clínicas. A análise estatística se deu por regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: a prevalência de polifarmácia foi de 38,09%, e de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI), de 28,57%. Houve associação significativa entre polifarmácia e uso de MPI, sono alterado e etnia. O uso de MPI foi associado à polifarmácia, pior funcionalidade familiar e ausência de cuidador. O declínio cognitivo reduz a prevalência destes medicamentos. Conclusões: a polifarmácia e o uso de MPI entre idosos com hipertensão representam um problema nessa população, especialmente entre aqueles mais vulneráveis.

Experiences and shared meaning of teamwork and interprofessional collaboration among health care professionals in primary health care settings: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: During the last decade, teamwork has been addressed under the rationale of interprofessional practice or collaboration, highlighted by the attributes of this practice such as: interdependence of professional actions, focus on user needs, negotiation between professionals, shared decision making, mutual respect and trust among professionals, and acknowledgment of the role and work of the different professional groups. Teamwork and interprofessional collaboration have been pointed out as astrategy for effective organization of health care services as the complexity of healthcare requires integration of knowledge and practices from differente professional groups. This integration has a qualitative dimension that can be identified through the experiences of health professionals and to the meaning they give to teamwork. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the best available evidence on the experiences of health professionals regarding teamwork and interprofessional collaboration in primary health care settings. INCLUSION CRITERIA TYPES OF PARTICIPANTS: The populations included were all officially regulated health professionals that work in primary health settings: dentistry, medicine, midwifery, nursing, nutrition, occupational therapy, pharmacy, physical education, physiotherapy, psychology, social work and speech therapy. In addition to these professionals, community health workers, nursing assistants, licensed practical nurses and other allied health workers were also included. PHENOMENA OF INTEREST: The phenomena of interest were experiences of health professionals regarding teamwork and interprofessional collaboration in primary health care settings. CONTEXT: The context was primary health care settings that included health care centers, health maintenance organizations, integrative medicine practices, integrative health care, family practices, primary care organizations and family medical clinics. National health surgery as a setting was excluded. TYPES OF STUDIES: The qualitative component of the review considered studies that focused on qualitative data including designs such as phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research and feminist research. SEARCH STRATEGY: A three-step search strategy was utilized. Ten databases were searched for papers published from 1980 to June 2015. Studies published in English, Portuguese and Spanish were considered. METHODOLOGICAL QUALITY: Methodological quality was assessed using the Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. All included studies received a score of at least 70% the questions in the instrument, 11 studies did not address the influence of the researcher on the research or vice-versa, and six studies did not present a statement locating the researcher culturally or theoretically. DATA EXTRACTION: Qualitative findings were extracted using the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument. DATA SYNTHESIS: Qualitative research findings were pooled using a pragmatic meta-aggregative approach and the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument software. RESULTS: This review included 21 research studies, representing various countries and healthcare settings. There were 223 findings, which were aggregated into 15 categories, and three synthesized findings: CONCLUSIONS: This review shows that health professionals experience teamwork and interprofessional collaboration as a process in primary health care settings; its conditions, consequences (benefits and barriers), and finally shows its determinants. Health providers face enormous ideological, organizational, structural and relational challenges while promoting teamwork and interprofessional collaboration in primary health care settings. This review has identified possible actions that could improve implementation of teamwork and interprofessional collaboration in primary health care.

Prevalence and factors associated with chronic critical disease in hospitalized for trauma in intensive care / Prevalencia y factores asociados a enfermedad crónica crítica en hospitalizados por trauma en cuidados intensivos / Prevalência e fatores associados à doença crítica crônica em hospitalizados por trauma em terapia intensiva

ABSTRACT Objective to identify the prevalence of chronic critical disease and associated factors in patients hospitalized for trauma in the Intensive Care Unit. Method case-control study, with data from medical records of adults hospitalized for trauma in an Intensive Care Unit, between 2013 and 2019. Data were collected from the patient admission book, the electroni cmedical records and the records of the Hospital Infection Control Service. The dependent variable was the occurrence of chronic critical disease, and the independent variables were related to sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, trauma, pre-hospital care, prognostic indices, procedures and complications. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed, which estimated the Ods Ratio (OR) and respective confidence intervals (CI). Results chronic critical disease occurred in 150 patients (24.2%), of the 619 patients studied. The factors associated with CCD were organic dysfunction (OR=1.09) and gastrointestinal complications (OR=2.71). Patients with chronic critical disease, in addition to proseeding for surgical procedures, developed organic dysfunctions in different systems, presenting high scores in prognostic indexes, i.e., a worse prognosis, in addition to developing complications. Conclusion the identification of gastrointestinal complications and the increase in organic dysfunction as factors associated with chronic critical patients become useful to compose the clinical profile of patients and to plan intensive care for the traumatized patients, thus contributing to the prevention and management of these patients by nurses.

RESUMEN Objetivo identificar la prevalencia de enfermedad crítica crónica y factores asociados en pacientes hospitalizados por trauma en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Método estudio de casos y controles, con datos de las historias clínicas de adultos internados por trauma en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, entre 2013 y 2019. Los datos fueron recolectados del libro de ingreso de pacientes, la historia clínica electrónica y los formularios del Servicio de Control de Infecciones Hospitalarias. . La variable dependiente fue la ocurrencia de enfermedad crítica crónica, y las variables independientes se relacionaron con características sociodemográficas, comorbilidades, traumatismos, atención prehospitalaria, índices pronósticos, procedimientos y complicaciones. Se realizó análisis de regresión logística múltiple, que estimó el Ods Ratio (OR) y los respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC). Resultados la enfermedad crítica crónica se presentó en 150 pacientes (24,2%), de los 619 estudiados. Los factores asociados a CC fueron disfunción orgánica (OR=1,09) y complicaciones gastrointestinales (OR=2,71). Los pacientes con enfermedad crítica crónica, además de requerir procedimientos quirúrgicos, desarrollaron disfunciones de órganos en diferentes sistemas, presentando puntuaciones altas en los índices pronósticos, o sea, peor pronóstico, además de desarrollar complicaciones. Conclusión La identificación de las complicaciones gastrointestinales y el aumento de la disfunción orgánica como factores asociados a los pacientes críticos crónicos se vuelven útiles para componer el perfil clínico de los pacientes y planificar la terapia intensiva para pacientes traumatizados, contribuyendo así a la prevención y manejo de estas condiciones. pacientes por la enfermera.

RESUMO Objetivo identificar a prevalência de doença crítica crônica e fatores associados em pacientes hospitalizados por trauma em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método estudo de caso-controle, com dados de prontuários de adultos hospitalizados por trauma em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, entre 2013 e 2019. Os dados foram coletados do livro de admissão de pacientes, do prontuário eletrônico e das fichas do Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar. A variável dependente foi a ocorrência de doença crítica crônica e as variáveis independentes relacionavam-se às características sociodemográficas, comorbidades, trauma, atendimento pré-hospitalar, índices prognósticos, procedimentos e complicações. Realizou-se análise de regressão logística múltipla, que estimou o Ods Ratio (OR) e respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC). Resultados a doença crítica crônica ocorreu em 150 pacientes (24,2%), dos 619 estudados. Os fatores associados à DCC foram disfunção orgânica (OR=1,09) e complicações gastrointestinais (OR=2,71). Os pacientes com doença crítica crônica, além de demandarem por procedimentos cirúrgicos, desenvolveram disfunções orgânicas em diferentes sistemas, apresentando altas pontuações nos índices de prognósticos, ou seja, um pior prognóstico, além de desenvolverem complicações. Conclusão a identificação das complicações gastrointestinais e o aumento da disfunção orgânica como fatores associados ao paciente crítico crônico tornam-se úteis para compor perfil clínico de pacientes e para planejar a assistência intensiva ao traumatizado, contribuindo, assim, para a prevenção e o manejo desses pacientes pelo enfermeiro.

Galantamine alleviates inflammation and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome in a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an obesity-driven condition of pandemic proportions that increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood, though inflammation has been implicated in MetS pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of galantamine, a centrally acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with antiinflammatory properties, on markers of inflammation implicated in insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk, and other metabolic and cardiovascular indices in subjects with MetS. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, subjects with MetS (30 per group) received oral galantamine 8 mg daily for 4 weeks, followed by 16 mg daily for 8 weeks or placebo. The primary outcome was inflammation assessed through plasma levels of cytokines and adipokines associated with MetS. Secondary endpoints included body weight, fat tissue depots, plasma glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), cholesterol (total, HDL, LDL), triglycerides, BP, heart rate, and heart rate variability (HRV). RESULTS: Galantamine resulted in lower plasma levels of proinflammatory molecules TNF (-2.57 pg/ml [95% CI -4.96 to -0.19]; P = 0.035) and leptin (-12.02 ng/ml [95% CI -17.71 to -6.33]; P < 0.0001), and higher levels of the antiinflammatory molecules adiponectin (2.71 µg/ml [95% CI 1.93 to 3.49]; P < 0.0001) and IL-10 (1.32 pg/ml, [95% CI 0.29 to 2.38]; P = 0.002) as compared with placebo. Galantamine also significantly lowered plasma insulin and HOMA-IR values, and altered HRV. CONCLUSION: Low-dose galantamine alleviates inflammation and insulin resistance in MetS subjects. These findings support further study of galantamine in MetS therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02283242. FUNDING: Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil, and the NIH.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the teamwork climate scale.

OBJECTIVE: To adapt and validate the Team Climate Inventory scale, of teamwork climate measurement, for the Portuguese language, in the context of primary health care in Brazil. METHODS: Methodological study with quantitative approach of cross-cultural adaptation (translation, back-translation, synthesis, expert committee, and pretest) and validation with 497 employees from 72 teams of the Family Health Strategy in the city of Campinas, SP, Southeastern Brazil. We verified reliability by the Cronbach's alpha, construct validity by the confirmatory factor analysis with SmartPLS software, and correlation by the job satisfaction scale. RESULTS: We problematized the overlap of items 9, 11, and 12 of the "participation in the team" factor and the "team goals" factor regarding its definition. The validation showed no overlapping of items and the reliability ranged from 0.92 to 0.93. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated suitability of the proposed model with distribution of the 38 items in the four factors. The correlation between teamwork climate and job satisfaction was significant. CONCLUSIONS: The version of the scale in Brazilian Portuguese was validated and can be used in the context of primary health care in the Country, constituting an adequate tool for the assessment and diagnosis of teamwork. OBJETIVO: Adaptar e validar a escala Team Climate Invetory, de medida do clima de trabalho em equipe, para o idioma português, no contexto da atenção primária à saúde no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo metodológico com abordagem quantitativa de adaptação transcultural (tradução, retrotradução, síntese, comitê de especialistas e pré-teste) e validação com 497 trabalhadores de 72 equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família no município de Campinas, São Paulo. Verificou-se confiabilidade pelo alfa de Cronbach, validade de construto pela análise fatorial confirmatória pelo software SmartPLS e correlação com escala de satisfação no trabalho. RESULTADOS: Foi problematizado a sobreposição dos itens 9, 11 e 12 do fator participação na equipe e o fator objetivos da equipe no tocante à sua definição. A validação mostrou que não houve sobreposição dos itens e a confiabilidade variou entre 0,92 a 0,93. A análise fatorial confirmatória indicou adequação do modelo proposto com distribuição dos 38 itens nos quatro fatores. A correlação entre clima de trabalho em equipe e satisfação no trabalho foi significativa. CONCLUSÕES: A versão da escala em português falado no Brasil foi validada e pode ser utilizada no contexto da atenção primária à saúde no País, constituindo ferramenta adequada para a avaliação e diagnóstico do trabalho em equipe.

Epidemiologia, complicações e fatores associados à doença crítica crônica em pacientes hospitalizados por trauma em unidade de terapia intensiva / Epidemiology, complications, and factors associated with chronic critical illness in patients hospitalized by trauma in an intensive care unit

A doença crítica crônica (DCC) descreve pacientes que sobreviveram ao episódio inicial de doença crítica, mas que permanecem dependentes da unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) por períodos prolongados ou pelo resto de suas vidas. O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar pacientes traumatizados e hospitalizados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva com Doença Crítica Crônica. Foram coletados dados de internações por trauma UTI no interior do Paraná de 2013 a 2016, dessa maneira, foi traçado o perfil epidemiológico e realizado associações e comparação dos grupos analisados (total de pacientes traumatizados hospitalizados em UTI em comparação com os pacientes traumatizados que desenvolveram DCC). Notou-se que dos 417 indivíduos traumatizados investigados, 41 (9,8%) foram classificados com DCC. Além disso, o sexo masculino, menor índice de comorbidades, maior gravidade do trauma e ferimentos contusos estiveram relacionados ao desenvolvimento da DCC. Os pacientes com DCC apresentaram complicações cirúrgicas (87,8%), e 41,5% evoluíram a óbito. Portanto, os pacientes com DCC permanecem por longo período na UTI (com uma média de 19,88 dias), os quais necessitam de cuidados intensivos de enfermagem e da equipe multiprofissional.(AU)

Chronic critical illness (CCI) describes patients who survived the initial episode of critical illness, but who remain dependent of the intensive care unit (ICU) for extended periods or for the rest of their lives. This study aimed at characterizing traumatized patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit with Chronic Critical Illness. Data from ICU trauma hospitalizations in the interior of the state of Paraná were collected from 2013 to 2016, and with them, the epidemiological profile was drawn up, associations were made, and the analyzed groups were compared (total traumatized patients hospitalized in the ICU compared to traumatized patients who developed CCI). It was observed that from the 417 traumatized individuals investigated, 41 (9.8%) were classified as having CCI. In addition, it was observed that gender (male), a lower rate of comorbidities, greater severity of trauma, and blunt injuries were related to the development of CCI. Patients with CCI had surgical complications (87.8%), and 41.5% died. Therefore, CCI remain in the ICU for a long period (with an average of 19.88 days), which require intensive nursing care and the use of a multidisciplinary team.(AU)

Os Percentis e Pontos de Corte da Circunferência Abdominal para Obesidade em uma Ampla Amostra de Estudantes de 6 a 10 Anos de Idade do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil / Waist Circumference Percentiles and Cut-Off Values for Obesity in a Large Sample of Students from 6 To 10 Years Old Of The São Paulo State, Brazil

Resumo Fundamento A prevalência da obesidade vem aumentando sistematicamente na população, inclusive nas crianças e adolescentes, ao redor do mundo. Objetivos Descrever curvas percentílicas de referência para a circunferência abdominal (CA) nas crianças brasileiras e fornecer pontos de corte da CA para identificar crianças com risco de obesidade. Métodos Um estudo multicêntrico, prospectivo, tranversal foi realizado em crianças com idades entre 6 e 10 anos, matriculadas no ensino fundamental de escolas públicas e particulares de 13 cidades do estado de São Paulo. A estatura, o peso e a CA foram medidos em duplicata em 22.000 crianças (11.199 meninos). Para estabelecer o melhor ponto de corte da CA para o diagnóstico da obesidade, foram calculadas curvas ROC com crianças classificadas como com peso normal e obesas, de acordo com as curvas do IMC, estratificadas por gênero e idade, e o índice Youden foi utilizado como a eficácia potencial máxima desse biomarcador. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados Os valores da CA aumentaram com a idade, tanto nos meninos quanto nas meninas. A prevalência de obesidade em cada grupo variou de 17% (6 anos de idade) a 21,6 % (9 anos de idade), dentre os meninos, e de 14,1% (7 anos de idade) a 17,3 % (9 anos de idade), dentre as meninas. As análises ROC mostraram o percentil 75 como ponto de corte para o risco de obesidade, e o diagnóstico de obesidade está classificado no percentil 85 ou acima. Conclusão Curvas de referência da CA específicas para idade e sexo em crianças brasileiras e pontos de corte para o risco de obesidade podem ser usados em triagem nacional e estudos intervencionais para reduzir a carga da obesidade no Brasil. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(3):530-537)

Abstract Backgroud The prevalence of obesity has systematically been increased in the population, including children and adolescents, around the world. Objectives To describe reference percentile curves for waist circumference (WC) in Brazilian children and provide cut-off values of WC to identify children at risk for obesity. Methods A multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study was performed with children aged from 6 to 10 years old, enrolled in public and private elementary schools from 13 cities of the São Paulo State. Height, weight, and WC were measured in duplicate in 22,000 children (11,199 boys). To establish the WC best cut-off value for obesity diagnosis, ROC curves with children classified as normal weight and obese were calculated, according to BMI curves, stratified by gender and age, and the Youden Index was utilized as the maximum potential effectiveness of this biomarker. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results WC values increased with age in both boys and girls. The prevalence of obesity in each age group varied from 17% (6 years old) to 21.6% (9 years old) among boys, and from 14.1% (7 years old) to 17.3 % (9 years old) among girls. ROC analyses have shown the 75th percentile as a cut-off for obesity risk, and the diagnosis of obesity is classified on the 85th percentile or more. Conclusion Age and gender specific reference curves of WC for Brazilian children and cut-off values for obesity risk may be used for national screening and interventional studies to reduce the obesity burden in Brazil. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(3):530-537)

Risk assessment of ulcer development by pressure in elderly institutionalized in Brazil / Avaliação do risco de desenvolvimento de úlcera por pressão em idosos institucionalizados no Brasil

This study aimed to evaluate the risk of developing pressure ulcers (PU) and related factors in elderly residents in LTI of a medium-sized municipality in southern Brazil. The method applied was a cross-sectional study with elderly residents in a long-term institution (LTI) in Brazil, using sociodemographic questionnaire, health conditions questionnaire and Braden Scale. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that most seniors had some degree of risk (57.2%) to develop PU, but no elderly presented the condition. Among the elderly at risk for PU, 54.5% of them rate their health as good, 46.7% participate in activities and 52.6% are satisfied with the institution. Conclusions: The absence of PU and positive evaluations of the elderly may be a result of the care offered by the LTI. The Braden Scale is an instrument that enables the planning and implementation of actions to improve the health of institutionalized elderly.

Avaliar o risco de desenvolver úlcera por pressão (UP) e os fatores relacionados em idosos residentes em ILP em município de médio porte na região Sul do Brasil. Estudo transversal realizado com idosos residentes em uma instituição de longa permanência (ILP) no Brasil, utilizando de questionário sociodemográfico e de condições de saúde e escala de Braden. Análise dos dados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial. A maioria dos idosos possuía algum grau de risco (57,2%) para desenvolver UP, contudo nenhum idoso apresentou UP. Dos idosos com risco para UP 54,5% avaliaram a saúde como boa, 46,7% participaram de atividades e 52,6% manifestaram-se satisfeitos com a instituição. A ausência de UP e as avaliações positivas dos idosos podem ser resultado do cuidado oferecido pela ILP. A escala de Braden é um instrumento que viabiliza o planejamento e a implantação de ações para melhoria da saúde do idoso institucionalizado.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the teamwork climate scale / Adaptação transcultural e validação da escala de clima do trabalho em equipe

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To adapt and validate the Team Climate Inventory scale, of teamwork climate measurement, for the Portuguese language, in the context of primary health care in Brazil. METHODS Methodological study with quantitative approach of cross-cultural adaptation (translation, back-translation, synthesis, expert committee, and pretest) and validation with 497 employees from 72 teams of the Family Health Strategy in the city of Campinas, SP, Southeastern Brazil. We verified reliability by the Cronbach's alpha, construct validity by the confirmatory factor analysis with SmartPLS software, and correlation by the job satisfaction scale. RESULTS We problematized the overlap of items 9, 11, and 12 of the "participation in the team" factor and the "team goals" factor regarding its definition. The validation showed no overlapping of items and the reliability ranged from 0.92 to 0.93. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated suitability of the proposed model with distribution of the 38 items in the four factors. The correlation between teamwork climate and job satisfaction was significant. CONCLUSIONS The version of the scale in Brazilian Portuguese was validated and can be used in the context of primary health care in the Country, constituting an adequate tool for the assessment and diagnosis of teamwork.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Adaptar e validar a escala Team Climate Invetory, de medida do clima de trabalho em equipe, para o idioma português, no contexto da atenção primária à saúde no Brasil. MÉTODOS Estudo metodológico com abordagem quantitativa de adaptação transcultural (tradução, retrotradução, síntese, comitê de especialistas e pré-teste) e validação com 497 trabalhadores de 72 equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família no município de Campinas, São Paulo. Verificou-se confiabilidade pelo alfa de Cronbach, validade de construto pela análise fatorial confirmatória pelo software SmartPLS e correlação com escala de satisfação no trabalho. RESULTADOS Foi problematizado a sobreposição dos itens 9, 11 e 12 do fator participação na equipe e o fator objetivos da equipe no tocante à sua definição. A validação mostrou que não houve sobreposição dos itens e a confiabilidade variou entre 0,92 a 0,93. A análise fatorial confirmatória indicou adequação do modelo proposto com distribuição dos 38 itens nos quatro fatores. A correlação entre clima de trabalho em equipe e satisfação no trabalho foi significativa. CONCLUSÕES A versão da escala em português falado no Brasil foi validada e pode ser utilizada no contexto da atenção primária à saúde no País, constituindo ferramenta adequada para a avaliação e diagnóstico do trabalho em equipe.

Conhecimento de acadêmicos de enfermagem sobre avaliação e tratamento de feridas / Conocimiento de académicos de enfermería acerca de la evaluación y el tratamiento de heridas / Nursing academics’ knowledge about wounds assessment and treatment

Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento dos acadêmicos do último período do curso de enfermagem, de uma universidade pública do Paraná, sobre avaliação e tratamento de feridas. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, com 30 acadêmicos. Dados foram coletados com auxílio de um questionário semiestruturado, em setembro de 2011, e analisados por estatística descritiva. Resultados: Apontaram pouco conhecimento dos acadêmicos sobre histórico do portador de feridas; houve maior número de respostas corretas no quesito avaliação de feridas; sobre avaliação e tratamento, os acertos variaram de 47% a 93%; na análise de figuras, para determinação da cor da pele circundante, 39,2% de acertos e em 32,5% não havia resposta; dificuldade para descrever os sinais de infecção de uma ferida, sendo que 20% confundiram com sinais de inflamação. Conclusão:Existe necessidade de aprimoramento formativo das escolas e técnico-científico dos acadêmicos sobre o tema, preparando-os para atuação no SUS, atendendo às necessidades de saúde da população .

Objective: To check the knowledge of students in the last semester of nursing at a public university regarding the assessment and treatment of wounds. Method: A quantitative research conducted with 30 nursing students at a public university in Paraná. The data was collected with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire, in September 2011, and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: It revealed little student knowledge about the historicity of the wound carrier; there was a higher number of correct answers concerning wound valuation; regarding the assessment and treatment the correct answers ranged between 47% and 93%; in the figures’ analysis to determine the skin color surrounding, there were 39.2% of correct answers and with 32.5% there was no answer; there were difficulties describing the signs of infection from a wound because 20% confused it with signs of inflammation. Conclusion: There is a need to improve the schools and the technical-scientific graduation of academics about the theme, and to be prepared to act concerning the SUS meeting the health needs of the population .

Objetico: Verificar el conocimiento de los académicos que estudian el último período de Enfermería, en una universidad pública, acerca de la evaluación y el tratamiento de las heridas. Método: Investigación cuantitativa realizada con 30 estudiantes de enfermería en una universidad pública del Paraná. Los datos fueran recolectados por medio de un cuestionario semi-estructurado en septiembre de 2011 y analizados por estadística descriptiva. Resultados:Los resultados mostraron poco conocimiento de los académicos acerca del historial del portador de heridas; hubo más respuestas correctas en la materia evaluada de heridas; sobre evaluación y tratamiento, los aciertos variaron de 47% hasta 93%; en el análisis de figuras, para determinar el color de la piel circundante, hubo 39,2% de aciertos y 32,5% no respondieron, se presentaron dificultades para describir los señales de infección de una herida, pues 20% confundió con señales de inflamación. Conclusión: Existe necesidad de perfeccionamiento formativo de las escuelas y técnico-científico de los académicos sobre el tema, para que tengan las herramientas necesarias y puedan actuar en el SUS atendiendo las necesidades de salud de la población .

Integrative Review: Concepts And Methods Used In Nursing / Revisión Integradora: Conceptos Y Métodos Utilizados En Enfermería / Revisão integrativa: conceitos e métodos utilizados na enfermagem


Integrative review (IR) has an international reputation in nursing research and evidence-based practice. This IR aimed at identifying and analyzing the concepts and methods recommended to undertaking IR in nursing. Nine information resources,including electronic databases and grey literature were searched. Seventeen studies were included. The results indicate that: primary studies were mostly from USA; it is possible to have several research questions or hypotheses and include primary studies in the review from different theoretical and methodological approaches; it is a type of review that can go beyond the analysis and synthesis of findings from primary studies allowing exploiting other research dimensions, and that presents potentialities for the development of new theories and new problems for research. Conclusion: IR is understood as a very complex type of review and it is expected to be developed using standardized and systematic methods to ensure the required rigor of scientific research and therefore the legitimacy of the established evidence.
.

Resumen 
La Revisión Integradora (RI) tiene una reputación internacional en la investigación en enfermería y en la práctica basada en la evidencia. Esta RI tuvo como objetivo identificar y analizar los conceptos y los métodos indicados para la realización de una RI en enfermería. Fueron consultados nueve recursos de información y fuentes de literatura gris. Se incluyeron diecisiete estudios de RI. Los resultados indican que: la mayoría de los estudios primarios fueron realizados en EE.UU.; es posible tener varias preguntas de investigación o hipótesis e incluir estudios primarios de diferentes perspectivas teóricas y metodologías; es un tipo de análisis que puede ir más allá de la síntesis de las conclusiones de los estudios primarios, permitiendo abarcar otras dimensiones de la investigación y finalmente presenta potencial para el desarrollo de nuevas teorías y problemas de investigación. En conclusión, la RI es comprendida como un tipo de revisión de naturaleza compleja que demanda métodos normalizados y sistemáticos para garantizar el rigor requerido en la investigación científica y por lo tanto la legitimidad de las evidencias establecidas. .

A revisão integrativa (RI) apresenta reputação internacional na pesquisa em enfermagem e na prática baseada em evidências. Esta RI objetivou identificar e analisar conceitos e métodos indicados para desenvolver uma RI na enfermagem. Nove recursos informacionais bibliográficos, incluindo fontes de literatura cinzenta, foram consultados. Dezessete estudos foram incluídos. Os resultados indicam que os estudos foram desenvolvidos majoritariamente nos EUA; é possível ter várias questões de pesquisa ou hipóteses e incluir investigações desenvolvidas através de diferentes referenciais teóricos e metodológicos; trata-se de um tipo de revisão que permite realizar análises que extrapolam a síntese dos resultados dos estudos primários, abrangendo outras dimensões da pesquisa e que apresenta potencialidade para o desenvolvimento de novas teorias e problemas de pesquisa. Em conclusão, a RI é compreendida como um tipo de revisão de natureza complexa, que demanda métodos normatizados e sistemáticos para garantir o necessário rigor requerido na pesquisa científica e a legitimidade das evidências estabelecidas.
.