Association between cognitive impairment and cardiovascular burden in patients with severe mental disorder.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is related to an increase in cardiovascular risk (CVR) in the general population. However, in severe mental disorder (SMD), the evidence is less consistent. Few studies have evaluated the relationship between cognition and vascular burden in SMD. This study determines the relationship between cognition and vascular burden in patients with SMD.Methods: Sixty SMD patients (61% men, mean age: 46) attending a psychosocial rehabilitation centre were included. We evaluated sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, quality of life and functionality characteristics. And we analysed the association between cognitive performance and vascular burden.Results: SMD diagnoses were: 41.7% schizophrenia, 20.0% bipolar, 5.0% schizoaffective, 21.7% depressive and 11.7% other. Cognitive impairment was present in 55% of the cases. The average vascular burden was 3.2. Patients with cognitive impairment have a significantly higher vascular burden than patients without cognitive impairment (p < 0.05). The speed of processing had a moderate correlation with vascular burden (r = -0.457, p = 0.001).Conclusions: Patients with cognitive impairment had a significantly higher vascular burden than patients without cognitive impairment. There are two practical clinical implications: CVR should be evaluated in all SMD patients; and psychoeducation programmes for CVR should be performed and adapted to the cognitive deficits.

Metabolic impact of a nutrition education program for the promotion of fruit and vegetable consumption with people with severe mental disorders (DIETMENT).

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the metabolic impact of a nutrition education program on metabolic parameters and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). RESULTS: Seventy-four patients were included (mean age, 48.7 years [Standard deviation, SD: 10.8], 55.4% men). The diagnoses of SMD were 37.8% schizophrenia and related disorders; 29.7% bipolar disorder; 25.7% depressive disorder; 4.1% personality disorders; and 2.7% obsessive compulsive disorders. Thirty-seven individuals were distributed in both the intervention group (IG) and the control group (CG). In the IG the presence of MetS was 56.3% and in the CG 46.7%, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.309). At the end of the study, glomerular filtrate decreased in the IG, body mass index and abdominal perimeter increased in both groups, and there were no changes in metabolic parameters between the groups. Between the baseline and the end of the study, there was no increase in the number of patients diagnosed with MetS (14 at both points); and in the CG the increase was from 8 to 12 (p = 0.005). An intervention based on fruit and vegetable intake could prevent progression to MetS in individuals with SMD, decreasing the likelihood of cardiovascular disease. Trial registration The trial was retrospectively registered on International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) Register on 11 March 2022 (ISRCTN12024347).

Trauma infantil y esquizofrenia / Childhood trauma and schizophrenia

Introducción: La prevalencia de antecedentes de trauma en la psicobiografía de los pacientes psicóticos es alta, hasta el punto de que algunos autores defienden que hay un subgrupo de esquizofrenia, la esquizofrenia traumática inducida, que se caracterizaría por la preponderancia de los síntomas psicóticos positivos. Observación clínica: Presentamos el caso de una paciente joven que sufrió abusos sexuales repetidos en su infancia y que desarrolló, a los 19 años, una esquizofrenia. El inicio de la enfermedad fue con alucinaciones auditivas sobre el abusador, sintomatología depresiva e ideación delirante de autorreferencia y de control del pensamiento que obligó a un ingreso hospitalario. Durante los 7 años de curso de la enfermedad, siempre presentó alucinaciones auditivas, cenestésicas y visuales, en ocasiones relacionadas con los abusos y en otras, no. Destaca también la ausencia de síntomas negativos. Discusión: La alta prevalencia de trauma infantil en pacientes psicóticos hace pensar en que el abuso grave podría ser uno de los factores ambientales que influyen en el desarrollo de la esquizofrenia. Una delas consecuencias de este hecho es la necesidad de indagar de forma sistemática en las posibles experiencias traumáticas en la biografía de cualquier paciente que se nos presente con sintomatología psicótica (AU)

Introduction: The prevalence of a history of trauma in the psychobiography of psychotic patients is high, and some authors argue for the existence of a subtype of schizophrenia, trauma-induced schizophrenia, characterized by a preponderance ofpositive psychotic symptoms.Case report: We report the case of a Young female patient who suffered repeated sexual abuse in childhood and developed schizophrenia at the age of nineteen. The presenting symptoms of the disease consisted of auditory hallucinations that spoke of her abuser, depressive symptoms and delusional ideationand thought control, leading to hospitalization. During the 7-year course of the disease, the patient has always experienced auditory, visual and kinesthetic hallucinations, sometimes -but not always- related to abuse. A striking feature is the absence of negative symptoms. Discussion: The high prevalence of childhood trauma in psychotic patients suggests that serious abuse could be one of the environmental factors influencing the development of schizophrenia. One consequence of this finding is the need to routinely investigate any traumatic experiences in the life of any patient with psychotic symptoms (AU)