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Introduction: Thyroid swellings are a common clinical problem. The Bethesda system of FNAC has been used for the past 5-6 decades for the investigation of thyroid lesions. This system helps in categorising thyroid lesions and also suggests possible management. Histopathology is the gold standard for confirming diagnosis. Aims and Objectives: To determine the incidence of thyroid lesions according to age and sex. To compare cytological diagnosis according to the Bethesda system of reporting with histological diagnosis and determine accuracy. Materials and methods: This is a study done over a period of 5 years from January 2016 to December 2020 in the department of pathology in a medical college in a rural area. The number of thyroid aspirations done were 232. Smears were classified as per The Bethesda system. Cytological and histopathological findings were correlated in 50 cases that underwent surgery. Cases with diagnostic discrepancy were reviewed. The sensitivity and specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and diagnostic accuracy values were calculated using standard statistical formulae. Results: The thyroid lesions on cytology in the nondiagnostic, Benign, Atypia of unknown significance, Follicular neoplasia, Suspicious for malignancy and malignant category were 3.4%, 81.89%, 1.72%, 7.7%, 0.8% and 4.3% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy in our study was 78%, 84%, 78%, 87% and 84% respectively Conclusion: The Bethesda system of classification of thyroid lesions on cytology helps in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions and their further management. Histopathological correlation helps in evaluating diagnostic accuracy and helps in quality assurance.
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1',2'-seco-2',3'-Dideoxycytidine (12), -guanosine (14), -adenosine (16), and -inosine (18) were prepared from (R)-benzylglycidol as potential anti-HIV agents. When compared to ddAdo in protecting ATH8 cells, they were found to be inactive.
Assuntos
Antivirais/síntese química , Didesoxinucleosídeos/síntese química , HIV/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenômenos Químicos , Química , Didesoxinucleosídeos/farmacologiaRESUMO
The synthesis and biological evaluation of three chain-hydroxylated (+)-erythro-9-(2S-hydroxy-3R-nonyl)adenine [(+)-EHNA] derivatives are reported. Hydroxy groups at positions 9', 8', and 8',9' (12, 25, and 16) were introduced by either epoxidation or hydroboration of a terminal olefinic intermediate. Affinities for calf intestinal adenosine deaminase (ADA) were determined from the steady-state inhibition of adenosine deamination. Ki values of 0.82, 3.8, 6.4, and 15.8 nM were estimated for (+)-EHNA, 9'-hydroxy-(+)-EHNA (12), 8'-hydroxy-(+)-EHNA (25), and 8',9'-dihydroxy-(+)-EHNA (16), respectively, by assuming a single class of binding sites. However, the data for all inhibitors conformed more closely to the kinetics of a heterogeneous system with different affinities for two or more binding sites. The fairly high potencies of 12 and 25 suggest that other substitutions at the terminal position of the nonyl chain could yield useful ADA inhibitors.
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Adenina/análogos & derivados , Inibidores de Adenosina Desaminase , Adenina/síntese química , Adenina/metabolismo , Adenina/farmacologia , Animais , Bovinos , Técnicas In VitroRESUMO
With a solution ofp-aminoacetophenone, cerium(IV) gives a purple colour which can be used for its detection and determination. The limits of identification and dilution are 1.0 mug and 1 in 50000 respectively. Beer's law is obeyed in the range 14-350 mug. The colour is stable for only 5 min and measurements of absorbance must be made quickly. The interferences are fewer than with existing methods.
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In the impurity profile of mosapride a polar impurity (0.1%) was detected in HPLC with respect to mosapride. Based on the mass spectral data obtained by LC-MS/MS analysis this impurity structure was characterised as 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-[[(4-benzyl)-2-morphinyl] methyl] benzamide. It is interesting to note that this impurity is potent analogue of mosapride, which will have much higher gastroprokinetic activity than metoclopramide. This impurity was synthesised from an unambiguous route and confirmed the structure by collecting various spectral data and the formation is discussed. To our knowledge this compound was not reported as process impurity elsewhere.
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Benzamidas/análise , Contaminação de Medicamentos , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/análise , Morfolinas/análise , Pró-Fármacos/análise , Benzamidas/química , Benzamidas/farmacocinética , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/química , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/farmacocinética , Morfolinas/química , Morfolinas/farmacocinética , Pró-Fármacos/química , Pró-Fármacos/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
Non-resolving pneumonia leading to lung abscess is always a challenge to the treating physician especially in a diabetic patient. Atypical radiological features of lung abscess should raise the suspicion of unusual organisms. This is a case report of a 42 year old diabetic male presented with features suggestive of lung abscess and multiple target organ damage. Subsequent work up revealed that the etiological agent is a rare fungus - Basidiobolus. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of Basidiobolus lung abscess reported from India.