RESUMO
This paper provides a detailed summary and discussion of the concept of stress and how it relates to the health, wellbeing, and performance of corrections officers. In line with these objectives, we focus on three areas: (1) providing a more detailed definition of the concept of stress; (2) a discussion of the ways that increased exposure to stress may impact corrections officers' physical and mental health; and (3) a summary of prevention and intervention strategies that are relevant for corrections officers and have shown promise in dampening the consequences of increased stress exposure. More in-depth knowledge of the concept of stress and the underlying processes that link stress to negative outcomes will provide policy makers and corrections departments with an understanding of the characteristics of prevention and intervention strategies that are expected to be most effective in limiting the consequences of stress.
RESUMO
A large body of research has revealed that measures of IQ are highly predictive of a wide swath of life outcomes. However, most studies examining these associations have employed correlational statistical techniques which tend to confound environmental and genetic influences. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by making use of a monozygotic twin difference scores approach to explore the association between IQ and a variety of outcome measures, including general health, substance use, relationships, sexual behaviors, educational attainment, economic well-being, and criminal justice contacts. Analysis of monozygotic twin pairs from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) revealed that between-twin differences in IQ have little effect on the majority of the examined outcome measures. The implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.(AU)
Um grande número de pesquisas tem revelado que as medidas de QI são altamente preditivas de uma ampla faixa de desfechos de vida. No entanto, a maioria dos estudos que examinam essas associações tem empregado técnicas estatísticas correlacionais que tendem a confundir influências ambientais e genéticas. O presente estudo aborda esta lacuna na literatura através do uso de uma abordagem de pontos de diferença entre gêmeos monozigóticos para explorar a associação entre QI e uma variedade de resultados medidos, incluindo saúde geral, uso de drogas, relacionamentos, comportamento sexual, nível educacional, bem-estar econômico e ligação com justiça criminal. A análise de gêmeos monozigóticos do National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) revelou que, entre gêmeos, as diferenças de QI têm pouco efeito sobre a maioria dos resultados examinados. As implicações dessas descobertas e sugestões para futuras pesquisas são discutidas.(AU)
Un gran número de investigaciones ha demostrado que las medidas de CI son altamente predictivas de una amplia franja de vidas resultantes. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios que analizan estas asociaciones han empleado técnicas estadísticas de correlación que tienden a confundir las influencias ambientales y genéticas. El presente estudio está direccionado a esta laguna en la literatura haciendo uso de un abordaje de puntos de diferencias de gemelos monocigóticos para explorar la asociación entre coeficiente intelectual y una gran variedad de resultados medidos, incluyendo la salud general, el uso de drogas, relaciones, comportamientos sexuales, el nivel educativo, el bienestar económico, y contactos con la justicia penal. El análisis de parejas de gemelos monocigóticos del National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) reveló que, entre gemelos, las diferencias de CI tienen poco efecto en la mayoría de los resultados examinados. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos y se dan sugerencias para futuras investigaciones.(AU)