Surgical reconstruction of major bile duct injuries: Long-term results and risk factors for restenosis.

BACKGROUND: A single-institution retrospective analysis was undertaken to assess long-term results of definitive surgical reconstruction for major bile duct injuries and risk factors for restenosis. METHODS: Patients treated between January 1995 and October 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. The primary outcome measure was patency. RESULTS: Of 417 patients referred to a tertiary center, 290 (69.5%) underwent surgical reconstruction; mostly in the form of a hepaticojejunostomy (n = 281, 96.8%). Major liver resection was undertaken in 18 patients (6.2%). There were 7 postoperative deaths (2.4%). Patency was achieved in 97.4% of primary repairs and 88.8% of re-repairs. Primary patency at three months (including postoperative deaths and stents removed afterwards) in primary repairs was significantly higher than secondary patency attained during the same period in re-repairs (89.3% vs 76.5%, p < 0.01). The actuarial primary patency was also significantly higher compared to the actuarial secondary patency 10 years after reconstruction (86.7% vs 70.4%, p = 0.001). Vascular disruption was the only independent predictor of loss of patency after reconstruction (OR 7.09, 95% CI 3.45-14.49, p < 0.001), showing interaction with injuries at or above the biliary bifurcation (OR 9.52, 95% CI 2.56-33.33, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term outcome of surgical reconstruction for major bile duct injuries was superior in primary repairs compared to re-repairs. Concomitant vascular injury was independently associated with loss of patency requiring revision.

Choledochal cysts: Management and long-term follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Choledochal cysts are congenital anomalies that can occur at any level of the biliary tree. They carry long-term risk of biliary complications and cancer development. Complete excision of all involved bile ducts is recommended. METHODS: Patients treated between 1995 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Sixty patients; 46 female and 14 male with a median age of 41 years (range 13-83) were included in the study. Mild abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom (60%). Majority of the patients had Todani type I cysts (67%). Concomitant biliary malignancy was diagnosed in five patients (9%). Eight patients were followed-up conservatively (13%). Twenty-five patients were treated by excision of the extrahepatic bile ducts and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, liver resection was added in seven, pancreatoduodenectomy was done in three and liver transplantation in one. There was no perioperative mortality. Postoperative complications developed in 17 patients (34%), two requiring surgical treatment. Four of the five patients with malignancies died at a median 42 months (range 6-95) following surgery. Median 62 months (range 8-280) follow-up was available in 45 surgically treated patients, 19 followed-up for more than 10 years. None of the patients developed malignancy during follow-up. Four patients (17%) were readmitted for anastomotic strictures requiring treatment. CONCLUSION: The majority of choledochal cysts are Todani type-I and early cyst excision is the mainstay of management, which may decrease the risk of malignant transformation.

Clinical significance of serum ADP-ribosylation and NAD glycohydrolase activity in patients with colorectal cancer.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of serum ADP-ribosylation and NAD glycohydrolase activity in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 108 patients with CRC who underwent curative surgery and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. ADP-ribosylation and NAD glycohydrolase activity levels were determined. The association of ADP-ribosylation and NAD glycohydrolase with clinical and laboratory factors and their impact on overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) were shown. The preoperative ADP-ribosylation and NAD glycohydrolase activity levels were significantly higher in patients with CRC than in the control group (p<0.001). ADP-ribosylation and NAD glycohydrolase activity levels were correlated with tumor stage (p=0.05, p=0.001), stage of disease (p<0.001, p<0.001), serum CEA level (p<0.001, p<0.001), and site of lesion (p<0.001, p<0.001), respectively. Patients with high ADP-ribosylation had significantly unfavorable OS and DFS compared with those with lower levels (p<0.001, p<0.001), respectively. Moreover, the patients with high NAD glycohydrolase activity showed significantly worse OS and DFS rates, similar to ADP-ribosylation. Serum levels of ADP-ribosylation and NAD glycohydrolase activity correlate well with tumor stage, stage of disease, serum CEA level, and site of lesion. In conclusion, elevated levels of preoperative ADP-ribosylation and NAD glycohydrolase levels in serum are associated with poor prognosis in patients with CRC.

Is Endoscopic Sphincterotomy Sufficient in the Treatment of Sump Syndrome? A 25-Year Experience.

Background: Sump syndrome is one of the rare long-term complications of side-to-side choledochoduodenostomy (CD) leading to attacks of cholangitis due to accumulation of food and debris in the common bile duct distal to the anastomosis is one of the rare long-term complications after CD. Methods: Fifteen patients treated with the Sump syndrome in our institution between 1996 and 2023 were retrospectively evaluated for long-term outcome. Results: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with sphincterotomy and bile duct clearance was done in 11 patients, while four were subjected to revisional surgery in the form of a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. No complications were recorded. There were 5 (38%) recurrences in a median follow-up period of 8 years (10 months-23 years). Of those, 3 patients were treated surgically and two with repeat ERCP. None of the patients developed any cholangiocarcinoma during follow-up. Conclusion: We conclude that although a high recurrence rate was observed, endoscopic treatment may be a valid approach in the treatment of Sump syndrome, with revisional surgery in the form of a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy as salvage therapy in recurrences.

An atypically localized gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a case report of pancreas gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. They can arise from any part of the tract as well as the omentum, mesentery or retroperitoneum. In this study, we present a case of a GIST originating from an extraordinary site, the pancreas. Evaluation of 30-year-old man with complaints of abdominal distension revealed a cystic, distal pancreatic lesion 13 cm in diameter. There were no intra-abdominal or distant organ metastases. The patient was operated with a diagnosis of cystic pancreas tumor, distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy was performed. The lesion was diagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumor upon histopathological examination. He was discharged on the sixth postoperative day without any complications and is being followed up for 21 months without systemic or local recurrence. Extragastrointestinal GISTs are reported rarely. To our knowledge, only one pancreatic GIST has been reported previously in the English literature.

Spontaneous regression of liver hemangiomas: a single-institution analysis of 46 patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the nature of spontaneous regression of liver hemangiomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of the liver hemangioma patients who attended the out-patient clinic between 1988 and 2018 were evaluated. The data of the 716 adult patients who were followed for at least 3 years with cross-sectional imaging were analyzed. RESULTS: Spontaneous regression was documented in 46 patients (6.4%). Twenty-eight patients had a single hemangioma (61%), eight (17%) had two hemangiomas; the other 10 patients had 3-6 hemangiomas. Of the 87 lesions in 46 patients, 69 actually regressed during the study. Twelve patients with more than one lesion exhibited discordant courses - one of the hemangiomas of a patient with multiple lesions regressed, whereas the other enlarged or remained stable. Eleven of the regressed hemangiomas exhibited enlargement first, followed by spontaneous regression. Fourteen (20%) of the regressed hemangiomas acquired atypical characteristics that would have suggested a malignancy had the original films been unavailable. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous regression of liver hemangiomas is an underrecognized phenomenon. Enlargement should not be a straightforward indication for intervention because it may be followed by regression. A regressed hemangioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of liver lesions suspicious for malignancy.

Complementary Roles of Cadaveric and Living Donor Liver Transplantation in Acute Liver Failure.

BACKGROUND: Living donor liver transplantation may complement cadaveric transplantation in acute liver failure (ALF) patients. METHODS: Between 2008 and 2017, 89 patients were treated for ALF; 15 patients (17%) recovered with intensive care treatment; 31 (35%) died without transplant. The records of the remaining 43 patients (median (range) age: 14 (1-62)) who underwent transplantation were evaluated. RESULTS: The etiologic factors were toxic agents (10; mushrooms: 8; herbs: 2), hepatitis viruses (7; A: 1; B: 6), Wilson's disease (7), autoimmune hepatitis (4), and Budd-Chiari syndrome (2); 13 cases were idiopathic. Cadaveric organs (whole, split, reduced) were transplanted to 32 patients; 11 patients underwent living donor transplantation. One patient (2%) died of septic shock on the second postoperative day. Bacterial infection was the most common early (< 3 months) complication in the remaining patients (31/42; 74%), followed by delirium (5/42; 12%) and acute rejection requiring steroid pulse (5/42; 12%). Seven other patients died during median (range) follow-up of 94 (14-142) months: various infections (5), leukemia (1), and acute myocardial infarction (1). The 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 100%, 96%, and 92% in children and 94%, 82%, and 65% in adults respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Cadaveric organ sharing and transplantation from living donors when appropriate yield a high survival rate, despite high early morbidity, in ALF patients whose conditions deteriorate despite intensive care treatment. Efforts to eliminate preventable causes of acute liver failure will lead to more efficient use of health care resources.

Is There Still a Role for Surgical Shunts in the Treatment of Budd-Chiari Syndrome? A 25-Year Experience.

PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term results of shunt surgery in the treatment of Budd-Chiari Syndrome. METHODS: Medical records of patients treated with Budd-Chiari Syndrome between 1993 and 2006 were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients (26 female, 11 male) were identified, with a median age of 30 years (range 14-51). Median duration of symptoms was 3 months (range 1 month to 10 years). Twenty-five patients, all in acute or subacute stages of disease, were treated surgically. Constructed shunts were mesoatrial in 17, portocaval in five (one was converted from a failed portorenal shunt) and mesocaval in three. Median portal pressure decreased from 44 cm H2O (range 31-55) to 20 cm H2O (range 5-27). Seven patients (28%) died in the perioperative period. Eighteen patients (72%) were followed up for a median of 186 months (24-241 months). Seven patients died during follow-up, five due to reasons related to the underlying cause and treatment. Remaining 11 patients (61%) were alive at a median of 18 years (13-25 years) with patent shunts. One-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates in patients undergoing shunt surgery were 78%, 72%, and 66%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Portosystemic shunts may still be considered when expertise for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt or liver transplantation is not available.

Challenges in Retrorectal Cysts: Is Preoperative Diagnosis Essential?

Developmental cysts are a subgroup of perirectal cysts seen extremely rarely. They have no symptoms in 50% of cases, and mostly occur among middle-aged women. The ratio of male to female is approximately 1/3. In the differential diagnosis, malignancies and pilonidal cysts are common. Although they usually occur as benign lesions, 30% of cases are reported as malignant in literature. Preoperative diagnosis is quite challenging, but may be essential for appropriate treatment. The main treatment is surgical removal of the entire cyst for the prevention of complications and the potential for malignancy. In addition to the trans-sacral or perineal approach, anterior laparoscopy can be performed as an optional surgical technique. Herein, we report two consecutive patients with two different developmental cyst pathologies. A 17-year girl, who had no specific symptoms for a retrorectal giant cyst, was admitted to this clinic because of pilonidal cyst disease. A giant retrorectal cyst was diagnosed through pelvic MRI,which was performed upon her reporting a mild fullness feeling. The other cyst was diagnosed in a 30-year woman who had mild gastrointestinal symptoms that could not be related to the cyst. Both underwent surgery via the trans-sacral approach. The cysts were completely removed without abdominal intervention. Key Words: Epidermoi cyst, Pilonidal cyst, Tail-gut cyst, Retrorectal Space.

Does Helicobacter pylori infection influence the major postoperative complication rate after sleeve gastrectomy? A retrospective cohort study in an endemic region.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Helicobacter pylori infection is very common in Eastern countries. Little is known about the impact this infection has on bariatric surgery outcomes. This retrospective cohort study conducted on obese Turkish adults who underwent sleeve gastrectomy at a single center aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection and the effect of this infection on the rate of early major postoperative complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All consecutive patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy for obesity between 2014 and 2015 and who had complete data were enrolled. A single surgeon performed all procedures. All resected specimens were sent to pathology for analysis. RESULTS: Of the 460 patients who met the eligibility criteria, 326 (71%) were female. The average (±standard deviation) age and body mass index were 37.5±10.0 years and 42.7±7.7 kg/m2, respectively. Histology revealed that 150 (33%) patients had H. pylori infection. The H. pylori-infected group developed two complications (leakage and intra-abdominal collection). The uninfected group developed three complications (all bleeding related). The two groups did not differ significantly regarding postoperative complication rates (1.3% vs. 1.0%; p=0.717). CONCLUSION: H. pylori infection did not affect the rate of early complications after sleeve gastrectomy. This suggests that H. pylori screening or eradication policy is not essential for asymptomatic candidates who have undergone sleeve gastrectomy.

Pituitary Adenoma and Hyperprolactinemia Accompanied by Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis.

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the breast, and its etiology remains not fully elucidated. IGM is observed more often in patients with autoimmune disease. Hyperprolactinemia is observed during pregnancy, lactation, and a history of oral contraceptive use. A 39-year-old patient with no history of oral contraceptive use presented with complaints such as redness, pain, and swelling in her left breast. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a suspicious inflamed mass lesion. Core biopsy was performed to exclude breast cancer and to further diagnose. The breast abscess was drained and steroids were given for treatment. In order to monitor any progression during the three months of treatment, hormone levels were routinely examined. Prolactin level was above the reference range, and pituitary MRI revealed a pituitary prolactinoma. After treatment with prolactin inhibitors, IGM also improved with hyperprolactinemia. This report emphasizes attention to hyperprolactinemia in cases of IGM diagnosis and treatment.

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Improves Olfaction Sensitivity in Morbidly Obese Patients.

BACKGROUND: Olfactory abilities of the patients are known to be altered by eating and metabolic disorders, including obesity. There are only a number of studies investigating the effect of obesity on olfaction, and there is limited data on the changes in olfactory abilities of morbidly obese patients after surgical treatment. Here we investigated the changes in olfactory abilities of 54 morbidly obese patients (M/F, 22/32; age range 19-57 years; body mass index (BMI) range 30.5-63.0 kg/m(2)) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. METHOD: A laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was performed by the same surgeon using five-port technique. Olfactory abilities were tested preoperatively and 1, 3, and 6 months after the surgery using a standardized Sniffin' Sticks Extended Test kit. RESULTS: Analyses of variance indicated statistically significant improvement in T, D, and I scores of morbidly obese patients within time factors (preoperative vs. 1, 3, and 6 months; 1 vs. 3 and 6 months; and 3 vs. 6 months; p < 0.001 for all). There was a statistically significant improvement in overall TDI scores with an increase from 25 to 41 during the 6 months follow-up period (p < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Here, for the first time in literature, we were able to show the significant improvement in olfactory abilities of morbidly obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Outcomes of 750 Patients: A 2.5-Year Experience at a Bariatric Center of Excellence.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is gaining popularity worldwide. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the outcomes of a large cohort of patients with obesity who underwent LSG in a Bariatric Center of Excellence. All consecutive patients who underwent LSG between July 2013 and April 2016 were identified retrospectively. Preoperative and postoperative variables and comorbidities were recorded. The study consisted of 750 patients. Their mean age was 37.4 years; 72% were women, and the mean body mass index was 42.8 kg/m. The most common preoperative comorbidities were diabetes (23.3%), hyperlipidemia (21.9%), hypertension (21.1%), and obstructive sleep apnea (21.1%). The rates of comorbidity resolution during follow-up were 80.6%, 74.4%, 82.9%, and 94.3%, respectively. The percentage average excess weight loss 1, 3, and 6 months and 1 and 2 years after surgery was 29.4%±11.3%, 54.4%±17.7%, 76.9%±20.9%, 85.5%±23.6%, and 89.7%±27.6%, respectively. There was no mortality. LSG effectively and safely induced weight loss and comorbidity resolution.

Robotic versus laparoscopic surgery for mid or low rectal cancer in male patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy: comparison of short-term outcomes.

The aim of our study was to compare short-term outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic sphincter-saving total mesorectal excision (TME) in male patients with mid-low rectal cancer (RC) after neadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT). The study was conducted as a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database, and we analyzed 14 robotic and 65 laparoscopic sphincter saving TME (R-TME and L-TME, respectively) performed by one surgeon between 2005 and 2013. Patient characteristics, perioperative recovery, postoperative complications and and pathology results were compared between the two groups. The patient characteristics did not differ significantly between the two groups. Median operating time was longer in the R-TME than in the L-TME group (182 min versus 140 min). Only two conversions occurred in the L-TME group. No difference was found between groups regarding perioperative recovery and postoperative complication rates. The median number of harvested lymph nodes was higher in the RTME than in the L-TME group (32 versus 23, p = 0.008). The median circumferential margin (CRM) was 10 mm in the R-TME group, 6.5 mm in the L-TME group (p = 0.047. The median distal resection margin (DRM) was 27.5 mm in the R-TME, 15 mm in the L-TME group (p = 0.014). Macroscopic grading of the specimen in the R-TME group was complete in all patients. In the L-TME group, grading was complete in 52 (80%) and incomplete in 13 (20%) cases (p = 0.109). R-TME is a safe and feasible procedure that facilitates performing of TME in male patients with mid-low RC after NCRT.

Standardized laparoscopic sphincter-preserving total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: long-term oncologic outcome in 217 unselected consecutive patients.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the impact of a standardized laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) on the long-term oncologic outcome of unselected patients with rectal cancer (RC). METHODS: Unselected consecutive patients with histologically proven RC underwent a standardized laparoscopic TME with medial to lateral approach encompassing 9 sequential steps: (1) ligation of inferior mesenteric vessels, (2) mobilization of the left colon and sigmoid colon (medial to lateral), (3) posterior dissection of the rectum, (4) lateral mobilization of the sigmoid, left colon, and splenic flexure, (5) left and right side dissection of the rectum, (6) anterior dissection of the rectum, (7) transection of the rectum, (8) delivery of the specimen, and (9) colorectal anastomosis. RESULTS: From 2005 to June 2012, laparoscopic sphincter-preserving TME was attempted in 217 patients with a 6.5% conversion rate. There were 91 women and 126 men, aged 58.3 years (range, 22 to 84 y), with body mass index of 26.10 (range, 20 to 45), operative time was 150.4 minutes (range, 60 to 330 min), and 24.7 (range, 4 to 98) lymph nodes were harvested. Length of stay was 7.56 days (range, 3 to 32 d). Complication rate was 17.05%. The mean follow-up time of all patients was 36.12 months (range, 1 to 89 mo). Local recurrence rate was 3.6% and distant recurrence rate was 8.7%. The 5-year disease-free survival rates were 81.5%. CONCLUSIONS: A standardized laparoscopic sphincter-preserving TME resulted in a favorable short-term outcome in unselected patients with RC.

Unexpected colonic perforation in a renal recipient: a case report.

Gastrointestinal complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation due to immunosuppressant use are seen more frequently after solid organ transplantation. A 52-year-old male was admitted on the 7th day of a living donor renal transplantation with serous drainage at the incision site. He had no abdominal complaints. He was on triple immunosuppressant therapy. Abdominal plain X-ray and ultrasonography were normal, but diffuse extraluminal air was detected on the computed tomography scan. There were no pathological laboratory findings regarding the function of the renal allograft. We began the operation laparoscopically and then converted to laparotomy. Sigmoid colonic perforation was detected on the antimesenteric side. Neither diverticulitis nor ischemia was observed, and no evidence of iatrogenic injury was seen. There was no transrectal instrumentation history. Omentoplasty and sigmoid loop colostomy were performed. He was discharged on the 9th day following the operation. His colostomy was closed one year after the operation. Gastrointestinal complications can be fatal, but do not seem to influence the long-term survival or renal allograft function. Most of them are seen after using high doses of immunosuppressants to manage the early postoperative period or episodes of acute rejection. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment play an important role in survival.

Curative surgery for locally advanced retroperitoneal mature teratoma in an adult. Case report.

INTRODUCTION: Primary teratomas of retroperitoneum are not usual in the adult population. These tumors most commonly seen at the gonadal and sacrococcygeal regions. Herein we describe a case of an 18-year-old female who had a benign cystic teratoma at the retroperitoneum. PRESENTATION OF CASE: The patient underwent an operation at another hospital following a misdiagnosis of hydatid cyst. The patient was referred to our hospital because of the detection of an unresectable tumor during her operation. A computerized tomography (CT)-angiography revealed a cystic mass, with a diameter of 14cm which was invaded into the retrohepatic suprarenal inferior vena cava and also extended to the posterior aspect of the liver. Additionally the mass invaded the posterior wall of the inferior vena cava and the right renal vein. The tumor was completely resected with a vascular resection. The inferior vena cava was reconstructed with a 12cm Dacron(®) graft and the renal vein was implanted. The patient's postoperative period was uneventful. DISCUSSION: Germ cell tumors of retroperitoneum are usually seen in children, but there are also some reports of adult cases in the literature. Adult cases are especially seen in females. Imaging studies are paramount for diagnosis, preoperative strategy and safe surgical excision. CT scans and MRIs can identify various components of these tumors. CONCLUSION: Even though primary retroperitoneal teratomas are quite rare in adults. Preoperative radiology imaging and strategy is critical for performing a safe surgery. The gold standard treatment strategy for this neoplasm is the surgical resection.

Iatrogenic major vascular injury during lumbar discectomy: report of three cases.

Iatrogenic vascular injury rarely occurs during lumbar disc surgery and can be fatal if it is not recognized instantly. In this paper we aim to introduce three iatrogenic vascular injuries that occurred during the lumbar disc surgery. The first case was consulted because of the sudden hypotension attack during lumbar disc surgery. The left common iliac artery and bilateral common iliac vein injuries were detected in emergency laparotomy, and repaired primarily. The second case was consulted to our clinic because of the hypotension attack at the first postoperative day. Left common iliac artery and vein injuries were diagnosed by CT angiography. Left common iliac vein was ligated and left common iliac arterial injury was repaired primarily by laparotomy. The third case was referred to our clinic for left lower extremity ischemia. Left common iliac artery injury was diagnosed by simple physical examination. Reconstruction by PTFE graft interposition was performed. The first patient died due to disseminated intravascular coagulation at the early postoperative period. Pulmonary embolus developed in the iliac vein ligated patient but was well treated by anticoagulant therapy. The last patient was discharged without any problem. Two of the patients are well on long-term follow-up.

Intrahepatic biliary cystic neoplasms: Surgical results of 9 patients and literature review.

AIM: To investigate the eligible management of the cystic neoplasms of the liver. METHODS: The charts of 9 patients who underwent surgery for intrahepatic biliary cystic liver neoplasms between 2003 and 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. Informed consent was obtained from the patients and approval was obtained from the designated review board of the institution. RESULTS: All patients were female with a median (range) age of 49 (27-60 years). The most frequent symptom was abdominal pain in 6 of the patients. Four patients had undergone previous laparotomy (with other diagnoses) which resulted in incomplete surgery or recurrences. Liver resection (n = 6) or enucleation (n = 3) was performed. The final diagnosis was intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma in 8 patients and cystadenocarcinoma in 1 patient. All symptoms resolved after surgery. There has been no recurrence during a median (range) 31 (7-72) mo of follow up. CONCLUSION: In spite of the improvement in imaging modalities and increasing recognition of biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma, accurate preoperative diagnosis may be difficult. Complete surgical removal (liver resection or enucleation) of these lesions yields satisfying long-term results.