Characterizing dynamic cerebral vascular reactivity using a hybrid system combining time-resolved near-infrared and diffuse correlation spectroscopy.

This study presents the characterization of dynamic cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in healthy adults by a hybrid optical system combining time-resolved (TR) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS). Blood flow and oxygenation (oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin) responses to a step hypercapnic challenge were recorded to characterize dynamic and static components of CVR. Data were acquired at short and long source-detector separations (r SD) to assess the impact of scalp hemodynamics, and moment analysis applied to the TR-NIRS to further enhance the sensitivity to the brain. Comparing blood flow and oxygenation responses acquired at short and long r SD demonstrated that scalp contamination distorted the CVR time courses, particularly for oxyhemoglobin. This effect was significantly diminished by the greater depth sensitivity of TR NIRS and less evident in the DCS data due to the higher blood flow in the brain compared to the scalp. The reactivity speed was similar for blood flow and oxygenation in the healthy brain. Given the ease-of-use, portability, and non-invasiveness of this hybrid approach, it is well suited to investigate if the temporal relationship between CBF and oxygenation is altered by factors such as age and cerebrovascular disease.

Effects of Dose Rate on the Reproductive Cell Death and Early Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Different Human Epithelium-Derived Cells Exposed to Gamma Rays.

Dose rate is one of the most varied experimental parameters in radiation biology research. In this study, effects of dose rates on the radiation responses of 2 different types of human epithelium-derived cells, immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT), and colorectal cancer cells (HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53-/-) were systematically studied. Cells were γ-irradiated at one of the 4 dose rates (24.6, 109, 564, and 1168 mGy/min) to a total dose of 0.5 to 2 Gy. Clonogenic survival and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured to assess the levels of reproductive cell death and damage to mitochondrial physiology, respectively. It was found that clonogenic survival was similar at all 4 tested dose rates in the 3 cell lines. The loss of MMP occurred at all tested dose rates in all 3 cell lines except for one case where the MMP increased in HCT116 p53+/+cells after exposure to 0.5 Gy at 24.6 mGy/min. In HCT116 cells, the loss of MMP was the most severe at high dose/dose rate combination exposure and when p53 was expressed. In contrast, no effect in dose rate was observed with HaCaT cells as the reduction level of MMP was similar at the tested dose rates.