The association between major dietary patterns and severe mental disorders symptoms among a large sample of adults living in central Iran: Baseline data of YaHS-TAMYZ cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The diet's role in developing psychological disorders has been considered by researchers in recent years. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between major dietary patterns and severe mental disorders symptoms in a large sample of adults living in Yazd city, central Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used the baseline data of a population-based cohort study (Yazd Health study: YaHS). Dietary intakes were assessed by a multiple-choice semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ, Yazd nutrition survey called TAMYZ). Psychological assessments were also done by using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire. Major dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis (PCA). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between dietary patterns and mental disorders symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 7574 adults were included in the current analysis. Four major dietary patterns were identified: "Sugar and Fats", "Processed Meats and Fish", "Fruits" and "Vegetables and Red Meat". After adjustment for all confounding variables, participants in the fifth quintile of "Fruits" dietary pattern which was highly correlated with dried fruits, canned fruits, fruit juice, olive, hydrogenated fats and fruits intake, had a lower odds of severe depression (OR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.45-0.81, p for trend=0.057), anxiety (OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.50-0.80, p for trend=0.007), and stress, (OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.30-0.68, p for trend=0.081). CONCLUSIONS: The intake of a dietary pattern high in dried fruits, canned fruits, fruit juice, olive, hydrogenated fats, and fruits might be inversely associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Future prospective studies are needed to warrant this finding.

Effects of orange juice intake on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.

Previous investigations exploring the effects of orange juice (OJ) as a nutrient-dense beverage on cardiovascular risk factors were inconsistent. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of OJ intake on major cardiometabolic markers including anthropometric indices, blood pressure, lipid profile, inflammation, and glycemic control markers. PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were searched from inception until January 2021. Fifteen eligible trials with 639 participants were included in the present study. The meta-analysis showed that OJ intake significantly reduces circulating total cholesterol levels (10 trials; weighted mean difference [WMD] = -6.84 mg/dl; 95% CI: -12.38 to -1.29; p = .01) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (four trials; WMD = -0.39, 95% CI: -0.77 to -0.006; p = .04) compared to control group. The analyses failed to reveal a significant effect of OJ intake on other cardiometabolic risk factors (p > .05). This review suggests that the intake of OJ might be associated with improved serum total cholesterol and insulin sensitivity. Due to low-to-moderate quality of meta-evidence, our results must be interpreted with caution and more well-designed studies are still needed to confirm the current findings.

Hesperidin supplementation has no effect on blood glucose control: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.

AIMS: To the best of our knowledge, no study has tried to quantitatively summarize the published evidence regarding the effect of hesperidin supplementation on blood glucose control. The present systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials aimed to determine the effectiveness of hesperidin supplementation in improving blood glucose control in adults. METHODS: Electronic databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched up to February 2019. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration's tool. The overall estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Six trials with 318 participants were reviewed in the present systematic review. The results showed that hesperidin had no significant effect on serum fasting blood glucose (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -1.10 mg/dL, 95% CI: -3.79, 1.57), plasma insulin (WMD = -0.01 µU/mL, 95% CI: -1.20, 1.19), glycated haemoglobin A1c (WMD = -0.04%, 95% CI: -0.14, 0.04), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (WMD = 0.117, 95% CI: -0.06, 0.29) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (WMD = 0.135; 95% CI: -0.13, 0.39), with no significant between-study heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses also indicated that the effects were not different based on the studies' design and duration, or the health status of the participants. CONCLUSION: Although several animal studies have proposed that hesperidin supplementation might improve blood glucose control, the present study could not confirm this benefit in humans.