Direct Degradation of Fresh and Dried Macroalgae by Agarivorans albus B2Z047.

Marine macroalgae are increasingly recognized for their significant biological and economic potential. The key to unlocking this potential lies in the efficient degradation of all carbohydrates from the macroalgae biomass. However, a variety of polysaccharides (alginate, cellulose, fucoidan, and laminarin), are difficult to degrade simultaneously in a short time. In this study, the brown alga Saccharina japonica was found to be rapidly and thoroughly degraded by the marine bacterium Agarivorans albus B2Z047. This strain harbors a broad spectrum of carbohydrate-active enzymes capable of degrading various polysaccharides, making it uniquely equipped to efficiently break down both fresh and dried kelp, achieving a hydrolysis rate of up to 52%. A transcriptomic analysis elucidated the presence of pivotal enzyme genes implicated in the degradation pathways of alginate, cellulose, fucoidan, and laminarin. This discovery highlights the bacterium's capability for the efficient and comprehensive conversion of kelp biomass, indicating its significant potential in biotechnological applications for macroalgae resource utilization.

The management of spontaneous isolated celiac artery dissection: A case report and literature review.

OBJECTIVES: Spontaneous isolated celiac artery dissection (SICAD) without associated aortic dissection is a rare disease. Complications are ischemia, aneurysm formation, and rupture. Different treatment options have been reported for managing SICAD, including conservative management, endovascular intervention, and open surgery. Despite the increased recognition of this disease, there are no consensus guidelines on management of this condition. To improve the knowledge and treatment of this disease, a case of SICAD was reported. METHODS AND RESULTS: We describe the case of a 57-year-old woman with SICAD whose symptoms improved after endovascular treatment when conservative treatment failed and systematically analyze the management strategy for patients with SICAD. CONCLUSIONS: SICAD is a rare disease and has no universally agreed upon guidelines for treatment. Most patients can be first treated conservatively for dissection with strict blood pressure control, antithrombotic therapy, and intensive surveillance. For SICAD patients with aneurysms located in the celiac trunk, stent grafts can be used in such patients without affecting the branch blood supply.

Psychrobacter halodurans sp. nov. and Psychrobacter coccoides sp. nov., two new slightly halophilic bacteria isolated from marine sediment.

In this study, two bacterial strains designated F2608T and F1192T, isolated from marine sediment sampled in Weihai, PR China, were characterized using a polyphasic approach. Strains were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative and motile. According to the results of phylogenetic analyses based on their 16S rRNA genes, these two strains should be classified under the genus Psychrobacter and they both show <98.5% sequence similarity to their closest relative, Psychrobacter celer JCM 12601T. Moreover, strain F2608T showed 97.5% sequence similarity to strain F1192T. Strain F2608T grew at 4-37 °C (optimum, 30-33 °C) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) in the presence of 0-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 4.0-5.0%). Strain F1192T grew at 4-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-7.5) in the presence of 0.5-12% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3.0-4.0%). The genomic DNA G+C contents of strain F2608T and strain F1192T were 47.4 and 44.9 %, respectively. Genomic characteristics including average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values clearly separated strain F2608T from strain F1192T. The sole isoprenoid quinone in these two strains was ubiquinone 8 and the major cellular fatty acids (>10.0%) were C18:1 ω9c and C17:1 ω8c. The major polar lipids of these two strains were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol. Based on the results of polyphasic analysis, the two strains represent two novel species of the genus Psychrobacter, for which the names Psychrobacter halodurans sp. nov. and Psychrobacter coccoides sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are F2608T (=MCCC 1K05774T=KCTC 82766T) and F1192T (=MCCC 1K05775T=KCTC 82765T), respectively.

Degradation of Alginate by a Newly Isolated Marine Bacterium Agarivorans sp. B2Z047.

Alginate is the main component of brown algae, which is an important primary production in marine ecosystems and represents a huge marine biomass. The efficient utilization of alginate depends on alginate lyases to catalyze the degradation, and remains to be further explored. In this study, 354 strains were isolated from the gut of adult abalones, which mainly feed on brown algae. Among them, 100 alginate-degrading strains were gained and the majority belonged to the Gammaproteobacteria, followed by the Bacteroidetes and Alphaproteobacteria. A marine bacterium, Agarivorans sp. B2Z047, had the strongest degradation ability of alginate with the largest degradation circle and the highest enzyme activity. The optimal alginate lyase production medium of strain B2Z047 was determined as 1.1% sodium alginate, 0.3% yeast extract, 1% NaCl, and 0.1% MgSO4 in artificial seawater (pH 7.0). Cells of strain B2Z047 were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile by flagella, short rod-shaped, and approximately 0.7-0.9 µm width and 1.2-1.9 µm length. The optimal growth conditions were determined to be at 30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0, and in 3% (w/v) NaCl. A total of 12 potential alginate lyase genes were identified through whole genome sequencing and prediction, which belonged to polysaccharide lyase family 6, 7, 17, and 38 (PL6, PL7, PL17, and PL38, respectively). Furthermore, the degradation products of nine alginate lyases were detected, among which Aly38A was the first alginate lyase belonging to the PL38 family that has been found to degrade alginate. The combination of alginate lyases functioning in the alginate-degrading process was further demonstrated by the growth curve and alginate lyase production of strain B2Z047 cultivated with or without sodium alginate, as well as the content changes of total sugar and reducing sugar and the transcript levels of alginate lyase genes. A simplified model was proposed to explain the alginate utilization process of Agarivorans sp. B2Z047.

Systematic identification of the interventional mechanism of Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan (QFXYW) in treatment of the cytokine storm in acute lung injury using transcriptomics-based system pharmacological analyses.

CONTEXT: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex, severe inflammation disease with high mortality, and there is no specific and effective treatment for ALI. Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan (QFXYW) has been widely used to treat lung-related diseases for centuries. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the potential effects and elucidates the therapeutic mechanism of QFXYW against LPS induced ALI in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BALB/c Mice in each group were first orally administered medicines (0.9% saline solution for the control group, 0.5 mg/kg Dexamethasone, or 1.3, 2.6, 5.2 g/kg QFXYW), after 4 h, the groups were injected LPS (1.0 mg/kg) to induce ALI, then the same medicines were administered repeatedly. The transcriptomics-based system pharmacological analyses were applied to screen the hub genes, RT-PCR, ELISA, and protein array assay was applied to verify the predicted hub genes and key pathways. RESULTS: QFXYW significantly decreased the number of leukocytes from (6.34 ± 0.51) × 105/mL to (4.01 ± 0.11) × 105/mL, accompanied by the neutrophil from (1.41 ± 0.19) × 105/mL to (0.77 ± 0.10) × 105/mL in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Based on Degree of node connection (Degree) and BottleNeck (BN), important parameters of network topology, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network screened hub genes, including IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2, TLR2, CXCL1, and MMP-9. The results of RT-PCR, ELISA, and protein chip assay revealed that QFXYW could effectively inhibit ALI via multiple key targets and the cytokine-cytokine signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that QFXYW decreased the number of leukocytes and neutrophils by attenuating inflammatory response, which provides an important basis for the use of QFXYW in the treatment of ALI.

Gelidibacter maritimus sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, gliding, rod-shaped bacterial strain, was isolated from costal sediment, designated as F6074T. The strain F6074T grows optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.5, and 3.0% (w/v) NaCl. Cells of strain F6074T are 0.2-0.5 µm wide and 1.0-2.0 µm long. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain F6074T belonged to the genus Gelidibacter, with the highest sequence similarity to Gelidibacter japonicus JCM 31967T (98.0%), followed by G. flavus JCM 31135T (97.7%), and similarity between strain F6074T and the type species G. algens DSM 12408T was 96.0%. Genome sequencing results revealed a genome size of 47,07,621 bp. The DNA G + C content was 37.8 mol%. The ANI and dDDH values between strain F6074T and G. japonicus JCM 31967T were 83.9 and 27.8%, the values between strain F6074T and G. algens DSM 12408T were 77.5% and 31.5%, and the values between strain F6074T and G. flavus JCM 31135T were 84.3 and 27.9%, respectively. The predominant quinone was MK-6 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:1G, iso-C17:0 3-OH, anteiso-C15:0 and summed feature 3. The polar lipids were consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unidentified aminolipids (AL) and three unidentified lipids (L1, L2, L3). Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain F6074T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Gelidibacter, for which the name Gelidibacter maritimus sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is F6074T (MCCC 1H00427T = KCTC 72942T).

Tenacibaculum pelagium sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment.

A novel bright yellow pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, gliding, aerobic and rod-shaped marine bacterium, designated strain S7007T, was isolated from a marine sediment sample taken from Jingzi Wharf, Weihai, China. The bacterium was able to grow at 4-33 °C (optimum 28 °C), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum 7.0) and with 2.0-4.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3.0%). According to the phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain S7007T was associated with the genus Tenacibaculum and showed highest similarity to Tenacibaculum adriaticum JCM 14633T (98.0%). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) scores of strain S7007T with T. adriaticum JCM 14633T and T. maritimum NBRC 110778T were 78.3% and 77.1%, respectively and the Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator (dDDH) scores were 20.5% and 19.9%, respectively. The sole isoprenoid quinone was MK-6 and the major cellular fatty acids (> 10.0%) were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:0 3-OH, iso-C15: 1 G and summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c). The major polar lipids of strain S7007T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, one unidentified lipid and two unidentified aminolipids. The genomic DNA G + C content was 30.9 mol %. The combined phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference that strain S7007T should be classified as a novel species in the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculum pelagium sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S7007T (= MCCC 1H00428T = KCTC 72941T).

Salibaculum halophilum gen. nov., sp. nov. and Salibaculum griseiflavum sp. nov., in the family Rhodobacteraceae.

Two Gram-stain-negative, moderately halophilic, non-motile, rod-shaped, pale yellow, and aerobic strains, designated WDS1C4T and WDS4C29T, were isolated from a marine solar saltern in Weihai, Shandong Province, PR China. Growth of strain WDS1C4T occurred at 10-45 °C (optimum, 37 °C), with 4-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 %) and at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5). Growth of strain WDS4C29T occurred at 10-45 °C (optimum, 40 °C), with 2-18 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %) and at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5). Q-10 was the sole respiratory quinone of the two strains. The major polar lipids of strains WDS1C4T and WDS4C29T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The major cellular fatty acid in strains WDS1C4T and WDS4C29T was C18 : 1 ω7c, and the genomic DNA G+C contents of strains WDS1C4T and WDS4C29T were 67.6 and 63.3 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains WDS1C4T and WDS4C29T were members of the family Rhodobacteraceae and showed 94.3 and 95.3 % similarities to their closest relative, Celeribacter indicus, respectively. The similarity between WDS1C4T and WDS4C29T was 97.3 %. Differential phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the two isolates from recognized genera showed that the two strains should be classified as representing two novel species in a new genus for which the names Salibaculum halophilum gen. nov., sp. nov. (type species, type strain WDS1C4T=MCCC 1H00179T=KCTC 52542T) and Salibaculum griseiflavum sp. nov. (WDS4C29T=MCCC 1H00175T=KCTC 52541T) are proposed.

Gelidibacter pelagius sp. nov., Isolated from Coastal Sediment.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated, and gliding bacterial strain, designated DF109T, was isolated from the coastal sediment of Jingzi Wharf, Weihai, China. The optimal growth occurs at 28°C, pH 7.0-7.5, and 1.0% (w/v) NaCl environment. The colony was yellow-colored, convex, non-transparent, and circular on 2216E Agar. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequence of this newly isolated strain revealed that it is a member of the genus Gelidibacter within the family Flavobacteriaceae. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DF109T has the highest sequence similarity to Gelidibacter japonicus JCM 31967T (98.0%). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between genomes of DF109T and G. japonicus JCM 31967T and G. algens DSM 12408T were 86.3% and 78.7% and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values were 31.4% and 22.4%, respectively. The sole isoprenoid quinone was MK-6 and the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:1G, iso-C17:0 3-OH, anteiso-C15:0, and iso-C16:0 3-OH. The major polar lipids of strain DF109T were an aminolipid, a phosphatidylethanolamine, and four unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.5 mol%. Strain DF109T is suggested to represent a novel species in the genus Gelidibacter, for which the name Gelidibacter pelagius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DF109T (=MCCC 1H00454T=KCTC 82420T).

Ruegeria haliotis sp. nov., Isolated from the Gut of the Abalone Haliotis rubra.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, white-pigmented, short rod-shaped, and alginate-degrading bacterium, designated B1Z28T, was isolated from the gut of the abalone Haliotis rubra obtained at Weihai, China. Strain B1Z28T was found to grow at 4-35 °C, pH 6.5-9.0, and in the presence of 0.5-8.0% (w/v) NaCl. Cells were positive for oxidase and catalase activity. The 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain B1Z28T were Tritonibacter scottomollicae MCCC 1A06440T (98.1%), Ruegeria faecimaris KCTC 23044T (98.0%), and Ruegeria meonggei KCTC 32450T (97.8%). Based on phylogenomic analysis, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain B1Z28T and the neighbor strains were 71.6, 77.2, and 78.1%, respectively; the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values based on the draft genomes between strain B1Z28T and its closest neighbors were 20.5, 20.8, and 21.6%, respectively. Ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) was detected as the predominant respiratory quinone. The dominant cellular fatty acids were Summed feature 8 (contained C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c). The polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phospholipid (PL), aminolipid (AL), and three unidentified lipids. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain B1Z28T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ruegeria, for which the name Ruegeria haliotis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B1Z28T (= KCTC 72686T = MCCC 1H00393T).

Primary leiomyosarcoma is a rare cause of femoral triangle mass: A case report.

OBJECTIVES: Primary leiomyosarcoma in the femoral vein is an extremely rare vascular disorder and is often misdiagnosed. In order to improve the knowledge and treatment of this disease, a case of leiomyosarcoma in the femoral vein was reported. METHODS: We report the case of a 58-year-old woman with a leiomyosarcoma of the femoral vein and treated successfully by surgical resection. After surgery, no recurrence had been noted follow-up.Subsequently, we reviewed information derived from 31 previously published cases from 1954 to 2019. RESULTS: A total of 31 patients diagnosed with femoral vein leiomyosarcoma were presented in previous studies; in all of these patients, 14 (45.2%, 14/31) patients were men. Of these, the median age was 51.6 years old (ranging from 3 to 84). CONCLUSIONS: Complete resection with adjuvant chemotherapeutic was the main strategy to treat the disease. Prognosis remains poor if metastasis was present, especially pulmonary metastasis.

Outcome of AngioJet mechanical thrombus aspiration in the treatment of acute lower extremities deep venous thrombosis.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety in patients with acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis who underwent pharmacomechanical thrombectomy (PMT, AngioJet mechanical thrombus aspiration). METHODS: In this retrospective, 424 consecutive patients with acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis from three institutions were enrolled in the study from January 2015 to December 2018. Of these, patients were divided into two groups, AngioJet group (n = 186) and catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) group (n = 238). Evaluation indexes including limb circumference difference, length of stay (LOS), urokinase dosage, periprocedural complications, follow-up imaging findings and villalta scores were analyzed from the medical records. RESULTS: A total of 424 patients diagnosed with acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis were collected in this study. These patients were categorized into AngioJet group and CDT group. Significant differences were observed between the two groups with respect to the thigh circumference difference (5.32 ± 1.85 cm vs. 4.69 ± 2.15 cm; p = 0.04), calf circumference difference (2.79 ± 1.54 cm vs. 2.35 ± 1.25 cm; p = 0.01), thigh detumescence rate (72.19 ± 19.55% vs. 65.35 ± 17.26%; p = 0.00) and calf detumescence rate (62.79 ± 18.56% vs. 55.75 ± 17.27%; p = 0.00). The mean dose of urokinase in AngioJet group was 95.16 ± 45.89 million IU significantly less than that in the CDT group 293.76 ± 42.71 million IU (p = 0.00). The overall bleeding complication rate was 9.91% (19 patients in AngioJet group and 23 patients in CDT group), which included three major (0.71%, 3/424) and 39 minor (9.2%,39/424) events. In the AngioJet group, serum creatinine (sCr) concentration and urine erythrocyte from the hemolysis caused by the mechanical process were higher than baseline data at admission (p = 0.00, p = 0.00). The postoperative red blood cell and hemoglobin in two groups were lower than baseline data (p = 0.00, p = 0.00). Compared with CDT, AngioJet thrombectomy has significantly lower estimated incidence of PTS in the follow-up. CONCLUSION: AngioJet thrombectomy has stronger clearance ability for acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis leading to significant reduction in the consumption of hospital resources, total dose of thrombolytic agents, and infusion time, thereby preventing adverse bleeding events, but patients with renal insufficiency should be careful. Ideal short-term and medium-term efficacy and safety are certain.

Outcomes and radiographic findings of symptomatic isolated mesenteric artery dissection with conservative management.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the computed tomography follow-up outcomes and radiographic findings of symptomatic isolated mesenteric artery dissection (IMAD) after conservative management. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 130 consecutive patients with symptomatic IMAD from three institutions were enrolled from January 2011 to December 2019. The general epidemiological data, clinical manifestations, first-episode symptoms, imaging findings, and treatment strategy selection were analyzed from the medical records. RESULTS: Among 130 patients diagnosed with symptomatic IMAD, positive remodeling of the SMA was achieved in 75.38% (98/130), and negative remodeling of the SMA was achieved in 24.62% (32/130). In the positive remodeling group, complete remodeling was achieved 39.23% (51/130) (type I 6 patients, type IIa 10 patients, type IIb 35 patients), in which type IIb was the most (p = 0.004). Moreover, of the 32 patients in whom negative remodeling of the SMA was achieved, significant differences were observed between the type IIa with respect to dissecting aneurysm formation (p = 0.04).Of the seven factors analyzed with a logistic regression model identified three factors significantly associated with negative remodeling: length of dissection (Waldχ2 13.331; OR 6.945; 95% CI 2.762-10.498; p = 0.014), true lumen residual diameter (TLRD) (Waldχ2 9.626; OR 7.85; 95% CI 1.892-19.063; p = 0.022), and branch involvement (Waldχ2 11.812; OR 7.247; 95% CI 1.245-14.830; p = 0.011). CONCLUSION: The prognosis of most symptomatic IMAD has a tendency to positive remodeling after conservative management, in which the initial type IIb classification is common. In contrast, risk factors for negative remodeling were type IIa, length of dissection, TLRD, and branch involvement. Patients with these morphological characteristics may not benefit from conservative management.

Clinical features and management strategy of symptomatic spontaneous isolated celiac artery dissection.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and management strategy for patients with symptomatic spontaneous isolated celiac artery dissection (SICAD). METHODS: In this retrospective study, consecutive patients with symptomatic SICAD from two institutions were included. The demographics, clinical manifestations, comorbidities, imaging findings and treatment strategy selection were obtained from the medical records. The general epidemiological data, treatment regimens and clinical and follow-up outcomes were analysed. RESULTS: Patients were divided into the conservative treatment group (group A, n = 26) and endovascular treatment group (group B, n = 11). Of these 37 patients, extent of dissection in both groups included only celiac trunk (61.54%% vs. 18.18%, p = 0.03), common hepatic artery (CHA) and splenic artery (SA) (3.85%% vs. 54.55%, p = 0.001), CHA (7.69% vs. 18.18%, p = 0.57), SA (23.08% vs. 9.09, p = 0.65) and left gastric artery (LGA) (3.85% vs. 54.55%, p = 0.99). Of note, the extension of the lesion in group A was shorter than that in group B. In addition, there were significantly more type IIb in group A than in group B (42.31% vs. 9.09%, p = 0.06) and the mean length of dissection in group A was 42.3 ± 54.71 mm which was significantly shorter than that in the group B 58.45 ± 3.71 mm (p =0.04). During a median follow-up of 11.5 months, the 1, 3, 6 and 12 month follow-ups were completed in 100% (37/37), 100% (37/37), 94.59% (35/37) and 91.19% (34/37) of patients, respectively. The cumulative rate of persistent disease stability in patients with endovascular treatment group was higher than in that conservative treatment group at the 3, 6, 9 and 12 months (50% vs. 16.67%, p = 0.001; 80% vs. 37.5%, p =0.03; 100% vs. 62.5%, p = 0.012;100% vs. 91.67%, p = 0.02 respectively). CONCLUSION: Most symptomatic SICAD have a tendency to persistent disease stability after conservative treatment. Risk factors for failed conservative treatment were length of dissection and branch involvement. Furthermore, endovascular treatment was associated with a high technical success and persistent disease stability rate, which might be reserved for patients with failed conservative treatment.

Mid-term outcomes of symptomatic isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection with endovascular management.

OBJECTIVES: The clinical outcomes, safety, and efficacy of endovascular management are explored for symptomatic isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (ISMAD). METHODS: In this retrospective study, 51 consecutive patients with symptomatic ISMAD received endovascular management from three institutions between January 2011 and December 2019.These patients were categorized into group A (endovascular treatment was used as the first-line therapy) and group B(endovascular treatment was used as the second-line therapy). The general epidemiological data, clinical manifestations, first-episode symptoms, treatment process, imaging findings, follow-up outcomes were analyzed from the medical records. RESULTS: A total of 51 patients with endovascular management were collected in this study. Significant differences were observed between the two groups with respect to the course (150 h vs. 57 h; p < 0.001), intestinal ischemia (26.32% vs. 6,25%; p = 0.04) and dissection length (45.26 ± 13.78 mm vs. 63.37 ± 12.73 mm; p < 0.001). Technical success rate was 90.2% (46/51). There was significant difference in the MOD (42.27 ± 23.41 min vs. 76.63 ± 28.62 min p < 0.001), MPSRT (4.67 ± 2.65 h vs. 7.32 ± 2.49 h, p = 0.02), LOS (9.52 ± 3.72 days vs. 11.86 ± 4.13 days; p = 0.01) between the two groups. The bleeding complication rate was 7.84% (one patient in group A and three patients in group B). A total of 48 (94.12%, 48/51) patients were followed up for a median of 36.51 months (range, 4-87 months). Positive events of the SMA were achieved in 81.25% (39/48), and negative events of the SMA were achieved in 18.75% (8/48) based on the follow-up contrast-enhanced CT scan. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular management of symptomatic ISMAD has a high technical success rate and efficient at controlling symptoms. Furthermore, as more positive events occur, endovascular management should be encouraged early when pain persists after conservative management or there are signs of disease progression.

Pancreatic cancer cell-derived exosomal microRNA-27a promotes angiogenesis of human microvascular endothelial cells in pancreatic cancer via BTG2.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a primary cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Existing literature has highlighted the oncogenic role of microRNA-27a (miR-27a) in multiple cancers. Hence, the current study aimed to clarify the potential therapeutic role of PC cell-derived exosomal miR-27a in human microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) angiogenesis in PC. Initially, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRs related to PC were identified by microarray analysis. Microarray analysis provided data predicting the interaction between miR-27a and BTG2 in PC, which was further verified by the elevation or depletion of miR-27a. Next, the expression of miR-27a and BTG2 in the PC tissues was quantified. HMVECs were exposed to exosomes derived from PC cell line PANC-1 to investigate the effects associated with PC cell-derived exosomes carrying miR-27a on HMVEC proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis. Finally, the effect of miR-27a on tumorigenesis and microvessel density (MVD) was analysed after xenograft tumour inoculation in nude mice. Our results revealed that miR-27a was highly expressed, while BTG2 was poorly expressed in both PC tissues and cell lines. miR-27a targeted BTG2. Moreover, miR-27a silencing inhibited PC cell proliferation and invasion, and promoted apoptosis through the elevation of BTG2. The in vitro assays revealed that PC cell-derived exosomes carrying miR-27a stimulated HMVEC proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis, while this effect was reversed in the HMVECs cultured with medium containing GW4869-treated PANC-1 cells. Furthermore, in vivo experiment revealed that miR-27a knockdown suppressed tumorigenesis and MVD. Taken together, cell-derived exosomes carrying miR-27a promotes HMVEC angiogenesis via BTG2 in PC.

Management Strategy Based on Disease Stages for Patients with Symptomatic Isolated Mesenteric Artery Dissection.

BACKGROUND: An optimal treatment regimen is sought for symptomatic isolated mesenteric artery dissection (IMAD) on the basis of its clinical staging. METHODS: From January 2011 to December 2018, 120 patients with symptomatic IMAD from two institutions were collected retrospectively. We reviewed the clinical features, risk factors, computed tomography (CT) images, treatment modalities, and follow-up results to propose a new management strategy based on the clinical stages of the disease. RESULTS: A total of 120 patients were collected in this study; 77 patients (69 men, 8 women; median age, 52.53 years; range, 39-73 years) who had undergone successful conservative management with antithrombotic agents were included in group A. The remaining 43 patients (34 men, 9 women; median age, 52.63 years; range, 26-66 years) who underwent invasive therapy were included in group B. Significant differences were observed between the two groups with respect to dissection length (50.72 ± 27.72 mm vs. 62 ± 24.3 mm; P = 0.02), true lumen residual diameter (3.31 ± 1.05 mm vs. 2.83 ± 2.05 mm; P = 0.01), and branch involvement (8 and 19, respectively; P < 0.001). Success was achieved in 76.24% (77/101) of patients treated by conservative management with antithrombotic agents in the acute stage; 43 patients underwent invasive interventional therapy in different stages of symptomatic IMAD. In group A, 6 patients had recurrent abdominal pain, three of whom underwent invasive intervention, and the remaining patients improved after conservative treatment. Positive remodeling was observed in 80.33% (49/61) of patients treated with conservative management alone versus 19.67% (12/61) of patients who experienced negative remodeling. Endovascular intervention in group B, CT angiography, or mesenteric angiography yielded complete remodeling in 23 (76.67%, 23/30) patients and evidence of stent restenosis in 7 (23.33%, 7/30) patients. Among the surgical patients, 7 patients showed improvement in the luminal diameter. However, 3 patients with short bowel syndrome require long-term parenteral nutrition. CONCLUSIONS: Conservative management with antithrombotic agents should be a first-line regimen for symptomatic IMAD in the acute stage. If symptoms persist, endovascular intervention is a safe and feasible treatment in the subacute or chronic stage. When peritonitis is present, surgical treatment should be promptly performed, regardless of the disease stage.

Intravascular Leiomyomatosis Extending to Right Atrium: A Rare Caused Syncope.

Intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a variant of leiomyoma characterized by intravascular proliferation of a histologically benign smooth muscle tumor extending beyond the uterus into distant great vessels or the heart. It is a rare disease and results in death. Here, we reported the case of 48-year-old, otherwise well woman, who presented to the emergency department with syncope. Pulmonary computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a large low-density shadow originating from the inferior vena cava (IVC) extending into the right atrium (RA). Magnetic resonance venography (MRV) showed that a neoplasm was "snakelike," which completely occluded the right internal iliac vein (RIIV), the common iliac vein (CIV), and IVC. A multidisciplinary team of specialists consisting of vascular surgeons, cardiac surgeons, gynecologists, anesthesiologists, and radiologists reviewed the history, clinical examination findings, and diagnostic imaging of the patient. A decision was made to proceed with one-stage surgery (resection of thoracoabdominal tumor extension at one operative setting). After surgery, the patient's vital signs were restored, and her symptoms were disappeared. She was discharged on hospital day 21 without complications. One-stage surgical approach to completely remove an IVL with RA involvement is an optimal choice if the patient's physical condition permits.

Defective Association of the Platelet Glycoprotein Ib-IX Complex with the Glycosphingolipid-Enriched Membrane Domain Inhibits Murine Thrombus and Atheroma Formation.

Localization of the platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX complex to the membrane lipid domain is essential for platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor and subsequent platelet activation in vitro. Yet, the in vivo importance of this localization has never been addressed. We recently found that the disulfide linkage between Ibα and Ibß is critical for the association of Ibα with the glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane domain; in this study, we established a transgenic mouse model expressing this mutant human Ibα that is also devoid of endogenous Ibα (HαSSMα(-/-)). Characterization of this model demonstrated a similar dissociation of Ibα from murine platelet glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane to that expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, which correlates well with the impaired adhesion of the transgenic platelets to von Willebrand factor ex vivo and in vivo. Furthermore, we bred our transgenic mice into an atherosclerosis-prone background (HαSSMα(-/-)ApoE(-/-) and HαWTMα(-/-)ApoE(-/-)). We observed that atheroma formation was significantly inhibited in mutant mice where fewer platelet-bound CD11c(+) leukocytes were circulating (CD45(+)/CD11c(+)/CD41(+)) and residing in atherosclerotic lesions (CD45(+)/CD11c(+)), suggesting that platelet-mediated adhesion and infiltration of CD11c(+) leukocytes may be one of the mechanisms. To our knowledge, these observations provide the first in vivo evidence showing that the membrane GEM is physiologically and pathophysiologically critical in the function of the glycoprotein Ib-IX complex.

The Transmembrane Domains of ß and IX Subunits Mediate the Localization of the Platelet Glycoprotein Ib-IX Complex to the Glycosphingolipid-enriched Membrane Domain.

We have previously reported that the structural elements of the GP Ib-IX complex required for its localization to glycosphingolipid-enriched membranes (GEMs) reside in the Ibß and IX subunits. To identify them, we generated a series of cell lines expressing mutant GP Ibß and GP IX where 1) the cytoplasmic tails (CTs) of either or both GP Ibß and IX are truncated, and 2) the transmembrane domains (TMDs) of GP Ibß and GP IX were swapped with the TMD of a non-GEMs associating molecule, human transferrin receptor. Sucrose density fractionation analysis showed that the removal of either or both of the CTs from GP Ibß and GP IX does not alter GP Ibα-GEMs association when compared with the wild type. In contrast, swapping of the TMDs of either GP Ibß or GP IX with that of transferrin receptor results in a significant loss (∼ 50%) of GP Ibα from the low density GEMs fractions, with the largest effect seen in the dual TMD-replaced cells (> 80% loss) when compared with the wild type cells (100% of GP Ibα present in the GEMs fractions). Under high shear flow, the TMD-swapped cells adhere poorly to a von Willebrand factor-immobilized surface to a much lesser extent than the previously reported disulfide linkage dysfunctional GP Ibα-expressing cells. Thus, our data demonstrate that the bundle of GP Ibß and GP IX TMDs instead of their individual CTs is the structural element that mediates the ß/IX complex localization to the membrane GEMs, which through the α/ß disulfide linkage brings GP Ibα into the GEMs.