Newborn Screening for Severe T and B Cell Lymphopenia Using TREC/KREC Detection: A Large-Scale Pilot Study of 202,908 Newborns.

Newborn screening (NBS) for severe inborn errors of immunity (IEI), affecting T lymphocytes, and implementing measurements of T cell receptor excision circles (TREC) has been shown to be effective in early diagnosis and improved prognosis of patients with these genetic disorders. Few studies conducted on smaller groups of newborns report results of NBS that also include measurement of kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KREC) for IEI affecting B lymphocytes. A pilot NBS study utilizing TREC/KREC detection was conducted on 202,908 infants born in 8 regions of Russia over a 14-month period. One hundred thirty-four newborns (0.66‰) were NBS positive after the first test and subsequent retest, 41% of whom were born preterm. After lymphocyte subsets were assessed via flow cytometry, samples of 18 infants (0.09‰) were sent for whole exome sequencing. Confirmed genetic defects were consistent with autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia in 1/18, severe combined immunodeficiency - in 7/18, 22q11.2DS syndrome - in 4/18, combined immunodeficiency - in 1/18 and trisomy 21 syndrome - in 1/18. Two patients in whom no genetic defect was found met criteria of (severe) combined immunodeficiency with syndromic features. Three patients appeared to have transient lymphopenia. Our findings demonstrate the value of implementing combined TREC/KREC NBS screening and inform the development of policies and guidelines for its integration into routine newborn screening programs.

GABRA1-Related Disorders: From Genetic to Functional Pathways.

OBJECTIVE: Variants in GABRA1 have been associated with a broad epilepsy spectrum, ranging from genetic generalized epilepsies to developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. However, our understanding of what determines the phenotype severity and best treatment options remains inadequate. We therefore aimed to analyze the electroclinical features and the functional effects of GABRA1 variants to establish genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS: Genetic and electroclinical data of 27 individuals (22 unrelated and 2 families) harboring 20 different GABRA1 variants were collected and accompanied by functional analysis of 19 variants. RESULTS: Individuals in this cohort could be assigned into different clinical subgroups based on the functional effect of their variant and its structural position within the GABRA1 subunit. A homogenous phenotype with mild cognitive impairment and infantile onset epilepsy (focal seizures, fever sensitivity, and electroencephalographic posterior epileptiform discharges) was described for variants in the extracellular domain and the small transmembrane loops. These variants displayed loss-of-function (LoF) effects, and the patients generally had a favorable outcome. A more severe phenotype was associated with variants in the pore-forming transmembrane helices. These variants displayed either gain-of-function (GoF) or LoF effects. GoF variants were associated with severe early onset neurodevelopmental disorders, including early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. INTERPRETATION: Our data expand the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of GABRA1 epilepsies and permit delineation of specific subphenotypes for LoF and GoF variants, through the heterogeneity of phenotypes and variants. Generally, variants in the transmembrane helices cause more severe phenotypes, in particular GoF variants. These findings establish the basis for a better understanding of the pathomechanism and a precision medicine approach in GABRA1-related disorders. Further studies in larger populations are needed to provide a conclusive genotype-phenotype correlation. ANN NEUROL 2023.

Challenging Diagnosis of a Patient with Two Novel Variants in the SYNE1 Gene.

We report a case of SYNE1-associated autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia (SCAR8) presenting with a complex multisystemic phenotype, including highly elevated creatine kinase levels and lower-leg muscle atrophy. In addition to identifying two novel pathogenic variants in the SYNE1 gene, whole-exome sequencing revealed three variants of uncertain significance in the DYSF gene. Electromyography and muscle magnetic resonance imaging indicated a neurogenic pattern of muscle involvement. These findings, along with the segregation analysis of the variants, allowed us to exclude DYSF-associated muscular dystrophy; however, we cannot entirely rule out the possibility that the DYSF gene variants may act as modifiers of the patient's phenotype.

The Study of the Inheritance Mechanisms of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) in Families from the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystem disorder with progressive myopathy and myotonia. The clinical study was conducted in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (RNOA), and in it 39 individuals from 17 unrelated families were identified with DM1. Clinical presentations varied, including muscle weakness, fatigue, intellectual disability, hypersomnia, ophthalmological abnormalities, and alopecia. Using clinical and genotyping data, we confirmed the diagnosis and enabled the study of CTG-repeat anticipation and DM1 prevalence in the Ossetian and Ingush populations. CTG expansion correlated with age of onset, with clinical severity, and with offspring showing more severe symptoms than parents. In many families, the youngest child had a more severe DM1 phenotype than older siblings. The prevalence was 14.17 per 100,000 in Ossetians and 18.74 per 100,000 in Ingush people, aligning with global data. Segregation analysis showed a higher frequency of maternal transmission. The study highlights the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of DM1 and its dependence on repeat expansion and paternal and maternal age.

Genetic Landscape and Clinical Features of Hyperphenylalaninemia in North Ossetia-Alania: High Frequency of P281L and P211T Genetic Variants in the PAH Gene.

This study, conducted in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (RNOA), aimed to explore the genetic landscape of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and phenylketonuria (PKU) in the Ossetian population using data from newborn screening (NBS). Through comprehensive molecular genetic analysis of 29 patients with HPA from diverse ethnic backgrounds, two major genetic variants in the PAH gene, P281L and P211T, were identified, constituting 50% of all detected pathogenic alleles in Ossetian patients. Remarkably, these variants exhibited an exceptionally high frequency in the Ossetian population, surpassing global prevalence rates. This study unveiled a notable prevalence of mild forms of HPA (78%), underscoring the importance of genetic counseling for carriers of pathogenic variants in the PAH gene. Moreover, the findings emphasized the necessity for ongoing monitoring of patients with mild forms, as they may lack significant symptoms for diagnosis, potentially impacting offspring. Overall, this research offers valuable insights into the genetic landscape of HPA and PKU in the Ossetian population.

Masks of Albinism: Clinical Spectrum of Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome.

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare disease inherited in the autosomal recessive mode, including 11 clinical genetic subtypes. They are associated with impaired function of the BLOC protein complex (Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complexes), and the subunits of the AP-3 complex (adaptor protein complex). Each has its own clinical features, but they are all characterized by albinism, bleeding disorder, and visual abnormalities. Eleven patients from eight unrelated families with an incoming diagnosis of albinism were examined and novel and previously described genetic variants in HPS1, HPS6, and BLOC1S6 genes (types HPS1, HPS6, and HPS9) were found. To determine the optimal therapy and recommendations for further follow up, it is necessary to consider the entire clinical spectrum and genetic polymorphism of the disease. An interdisciplinary approach, combined with the use of non-routine diagnostic techniques such as RNA analysis, is essential for achieving accurate diagnoses in certain complex cases.

Step-by-Step Double-Trouble OBAIRH and DMD Diagnosis in a One-Year-Old Boy.

We present a case of a combination of two rare hereditary disorders: obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair syndrome (OBAIRH) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in a boy. Both diseases were diagnosed during the first year of life. OBAIRH was suggested based on the ethnicity and family history of the patient, while DMD was based on an extreme increase in transaminase and CK (creatine kinase) levels during a biochemical analysis of his blood. The OBAIRH syndrome was caused by a pathogenic homozygous variant in the regulatory region of the POMC gene (NM_001035256.3): c.-71+1G>A, while DMD was caused by the de novo deletion of exons 38-45 of the DMD (NM_004006.3) gene (NC_000023.10:g.(?_32380941)(31950285_?)del).

Evaluation of Pathogenicity and Causativity of Variants in the MPZ and SH3TC2 Genes in a Family Case of Hereditary Peripheral Neuropathy.

The implementation of NGS methods into clinical practice allowed researchers effectively to establish the molecular cause of a disorder in cases of a genetically heterogeneous pathology. In cases of several potentially causative variants, we need additional analysis that can help in choosing a proper causative variant. In the current study, we described a family case of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) type 1 (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease). DNA analysis revealed two variants in the SH3TC2 gene (c.279G>A and c.1177+5G>A), as well as a previously described variant c.449-9C>T in the MPZ gene, in a heterozygous state. This family segregation study was incomplete because of the proband's father's unavailability. To evaluate the variants' pathogenicity, minigene splicing assay was carried out. This study showed no effect of the MPZ variant on splicing, but the c.1177+5G>A variant in the SH3TC2 gene leads to the retention of 122 nucleotides from intron 10 in the RNA sequence, causing a frameshift and an occurrence of a premature stop codon (NP_078853.2:p.Ala393GlyfsTer2).

Clinical Presentation of a Patient with a Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation, Type IIs (ATP6AP1), and Liver Transplantation.

The congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIs (ATP6AP1-CDG; OMIM# 300972) is a rare X-linked recessive complex syndrome characterized by liver dysfunction, recurrent bacterial infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, and defective glycosylation of serum proteins. Here, we examine the case of a 1-year-old male patient of Buryat origin, who presented with liver dysfunction. At the age of 3 months, he was hospitalized with jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly. Whole-exome sequencing identified the ATP6AP1 gene missense variant NM_001183.6:c.938A>G (p.Tyr313Cys) in the hemizygous state, which was previously reported in a patient with immunodeficiency type 47. At the age of 10 months, the patient successfully underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. After the transplantation, the use of Tacrolimus entailed severe adverse effect (colitis with perforation). Replacing Tacrolimus with Everolimus led to improvement. Previously reported patients demonstrated abnormal N- and O-glycosylation, but these data were collected without any specific treatment. In contrast, in our patient, isoelectric focusing (IEF) of serum transferrin was performed only after the liver transplant and showed a normal IEF pattern. Thus, liver transplantation could be a curative option for patients with ATP6AP1-CDG.

Pathogenic Variants and Genotypes of the CFTR Gene in Russian Men with Cystic Fibrosis and CBAVD Syndrome.

Pathogenic CFTR variants cause cystic fibrosis (CF), and CF-related disorders (CF-RD), including bilateral aplasia of the vas deferens (CBAVD). The spectrum of clinical manifestations depends on the CFTR genotype. The frequency and spectrum of the CFTR variants vary between populations and clinical groups. CFTR variants and genotypes were analyzed in Russian men with CF (n = 546) and CBAVD syndrome (n = 125). Pathogenic variants were detected in 93.95% and 39.2% of the CF and CBAVD alleles, respectively. The most frequent c.1521_1523del (F508del; p.Phe508del) variant was found in 541 (49.5%) CF alleles. A total of 162 CFTR genotypes were revealed in CF patients, including 152 homozygous and 394 compound-heterozygous. The most common CF-genotype was F508del/F508del (24.9%). Other frequent CF-genotypes were F508del/3849+10kbC>T, F508del/CFTRdele2,3, and F508del/E92K. CF-causing variants and/or 5T allele were found in 88% of CBAVD patients: 5T/CFTRmut (48.0%), CFTRmut/N (17.6%), CFTRmut/CFTRmut (6.4%), 5T/5T (10.4%), 5T/N (5.6%) and N/N (12.0%), with the most common CBAVD-genotype being F508del/5T (29.6%). The allele frequencies of F508del, CFTRdele2,3 394delTT, and 3849+10kbC>T were significantly higher in CF patients. L138ins/L138ins, 2184insA/E92K, and L138ins/N genotypes were found in CBAVD, but not in CF patients. The results indicate certain differences in the frequency of some CFTR variants and genotypes in Russian CF and CBAVD patients.

Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Calvarial Doughnut Lesions with Bone Fragility in Three Families with a Reccurent SGMS2 Gene Variant.

Calvarial doughnut lesions (CDL) with bone fragility with or without spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (MIM: #126550) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mineral density, spinal and peripheral fractures, and specific sclerotic lesions of the cranial bones. In the current classification of skeletal disorders, the disease is included in the group of bone fragility disorders along with osteogenesis imperfecta. The disease is caused by pathogenic variants in the SGMS2 gene, the protein product of which is sphingomyelin synthase 2, which primarily contributes to sphingomyelin (SM) synthesis-the main lipid component of the plasma membrane essential for bone mineralization. To date, 15 patients from eight families with CDL with bone fragility have been described in the literature, and a recurrent variant c.148C>T (p.Arg50Ter) in the SGMS2 gene has been identified, which was found in patients from six families. We diagnosed the disease in 11 more patients from three unrelated families, caused by the same heterozygous nonsense variant c.148C>T (p.Arg50Ter) in the SGMS2 gene. Our results show wide interfamilial and intrafamilial phenotypic variability in patients with a detected recurrent variant in the SGMS2 gene, the presence of which must be taken into consideration in the diagnosis of the disease. The primary analysis of this variant will contribute to optimal molecular genetic diagnostics, which can reduce diagnostic costs and time.

Palmoplantar Keratoderma: A Molecular Genetic Analysis of Family Cases.

Palmoplantar keratoderma is a clinically polymorphic disorder with a heterogeneous etiology characterized by marked hyperkeratotic lesions on the surface of palms and soles. Hereditary forms of palmoplantar keratoderma usually have autosomal dominant inheritance and are caused by mutations in dozens of genes, most of which belong to the keratin family. We carried out clinical and molecular genetic analysis of the affected and healthy members of four families with autosomal dominant palmoplantar keratoderma. In three out of four family cases of autosomal dominant palmoplantar keratoderma, the following molecular genetic causes were established: in two families­previously non-described missense mutations in the AQP5 gene (NM_001651.4): c.369C>G (p.(Asn123Lys)) and c.103T>G (p.(Trp35Gly)); in one family­a described splice site mutation in the KRT9 gene (NM_000226.4): c.31T>G. In one family, the possible cause of palmoplantar keratoderma was detected­a variant in the KRT1 gene (NM_006121.4): c.931G>A (p.(Glu311Lys)).

Specificities of the DMD Gene Mutation Spectrum in Russian Patients.

Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy, accounting for over 50% of all cases. In this regard, in Russia we carry out a program of selective screening for DMD/BMD, which mainly involves male patients. The main inclusion criteria are an increase in the level of creatine phosphokinase (>2000 U/L) or an established clinical diagnosis. At the first stage of screening, patients are scanned for extended deletions and duplications in the DMD gene using multiplex ligase-dependent probe amplification (MLPA SALSA P034 and P035 DMD probemix, MRC-Holland). The second stage is the search for small mutations using a custom NGS panel, which includes 31 genes responsible for various forms of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. In a screening of 1025 families with a referral Duchenne/Becker diagnosis, pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in the DMD gene were found in 788 families (in 76.9% of cases). In the current study, we analyzed the mutation spectrum of the DMD gene in Russian patients and noted certain differences between the examined cohort and the multi-ethnic cohort. The analysis of the DMD gene mutation spectrum is essential for patients with DMD/BMD because the exact mutation type determines the application of a specific therapeutic method.

Targeted NGS in Diagnostics of Genodermatosis Characterized by the Epidermolysis Bullosa Symptom Complex in 268 Russian Children.

The pathogenic variants of genes encoding proteins, participating in the formation and functioning of epidermis and dermo-epidermal junctions, create a large variety of clinical phenotypes from: small localized to severe generalized dermatitis, as well as early, or even, prenatal death due to extensive epidermis loss. The diagnostic panel in this study was developed for the purposes of identifying these pathogenic genetic variants in 268 Russian children, who possessed the epidermolysis bullosa symptom complex in a selection of 247 families. This panel included the targeted areas of 33 genes, which are genetic variants that can lead to the development of the phenotype mentioned above. The usage of next generation sequencing allowed the revelation of 192 various altered alleles (of which 109 alleles were novel, i.e., had not been described previously). In addition, it allowed the definition of the genetic variants that are both typical for most of the examined children and for the separate ethnic groups inhabiting modern Russia. We found that the most characteristic mutations for the Dargin and Chechen ethnic groups are the c.3577del deletion in the COL7A1 gene and the c.2488G>A missense mutation in the COL17A1 gene, respectively. In addition, the study of haplotypes of microsatellite markers, which we managed to conduct in the Dargin population, confirmed the presence of the founder effect.

Complex Diagnostics of Non-Specific Intellectual Developmental Disorder.

Intellectual development disorder (IDD) is characterized by a general deficit in intellectual and adaptive functioning. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying the genetic structure of IDD. Of particular difficulty are patients with non-specific IDD, for whom it is impossible to establish a clinical diagnosis without complex genetic diagnostics. We examined 198 patients with non-specific IDD from 171 families using whole-exome sequencing and chromosome microarray analysis. Hereditary forms of IDD account for at least 35.7% of non-specific IDD, of which 26.9% are monogenic forms. Variants in the genes associated with the BAF (SWI/SNF) complex were the most frequently identified. We were unable to identify phenotypic features that would allow differential diagnosis of monogenic and microstructural chromosomal rearrangements in non-specific IDD at the stage of clinical examination, but due to its higher efficiency, exome sequencing should be the diagnostic method of the highest priority study after the standard examination of patients with NIDD in Russia.

The Presentation of Two Unrelated Clinical Cases from the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania with the Same Previously Undescribed Variant in the COL6A2 Gene.

Here, we described three affected boys from two unrelated families of Ossetian-Digor origin from the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania who were admitted to the Research Centre for Medical Genetics with unspecified muscular dystrophy. High-throughput sequencing was performed and revealed two novel frameshift variants in the COL6A2 gene (NM_001849.3) in a heterozygous state each in both cases: c.508_535delinsCTGTGG and c.1659_1660del (case 1) and c.1689del and c.1659_1660del (case 2). In two cases, the same nucleotide variant in the COL6A2 gene (c.1659_1660del) was observed. We have suggested that the variant c.1659_1660del may be common in the Ossetian-Digor population because two analyzed families have the same ancestry from the same subethnic group of Ossetians). The screening for an asymptomatic carriage of the nucleotide variant c.1659_1660del in 54 healthy donors from Ossetian-Digor population revealed that the estimated carrier frequency is 0.0093 (CI: 0.0002-0.0505), which is high for healthy carriers of the pathogenic variant. Molecular genetic, anamnestic data and clinical examination results allowed us to diagnose Ullrich muscular dystrophy in those affected boys. Genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic diversity of muscular dystrophies complicate diagnosis. It is important to make a differential diagnosis of such conditions and use HTS methods to determine the most accurate diagnosis.

Recessive myotonia congenita caused by a homozygous splice site variant in CLCN1 gene: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Myotonia congenita is a rare neuromuscular disease, which is characterized by a delay in muscle relaxation after evoked or voluntary contraction. Myotonia congenita can be inherited in a dominant (Thomsen disease) and recessive form (Becker disease) and both are caused by pathogenic variants in the CLCN1 gene. Noncanonical splice site variants are often classified as variants of uncertain significance, due to insufficient accuracy of splice-predicting tools. Functional analysis using minigene plasmids is widely used in such cases. Moreover, functional analysis is very useful in investigation of the disease pathogenesis, which is necessary for development of future therapeutic approaches. To our knowledge only one noncanonical splice site variant in the CLCN1 gene was functionally characterized to date. We further contribute to this field by evaluation the molecular mechanism of splicing alteration caused by the c.1582 + 5G > A in a homozygous state. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a clinical case of an affected 6-y.o boy with athletic appearance due to muscle hypertrophy, calf muscle stiffness, cramping and various myotonic signs in a consanguineous family with no history of neuromuscular disorders. The neurological examination showed percussion-activated myotonia in the hands and legs. Plasma creatine kinase enzyme and transaminases levels were normal. Electromyography at the time of examination shows myotonic runs in the upper and lower extremities. CONCLUSIONS: Functional analysis of the variant in a minigene system showed alteration of splicing leading to loss of function, thereby confirming that the variant is pathogenic.

Prenatal diagnosis of Norrie disease after whole exome sequencing of an affected proband during an ongoing pregnancy: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Hereditary ophthalmic pathology is a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases that occur either as an isolated eye disorder or as a symptom of hereditary syndromes (chromosomal or monogenic). Thus, a diagnostic search in some cases of ophthalmic pathology can be time- and cost-consuming. The most challenging situation can arise when prenatal diagnosis is needed during an ongoing pregnancy. CASE PRESENTATION: A family was referred to the Research Centre for Medical Genetics (RCMG) for childbirth risk prognosis at 7-8 week of gestation because a previous child, a six-year-old boy, has congenital aniridia, glaucoma, retinal detachment, severe psychomotor delay, and lack of speech and has had several ophthalmic surgeries. The affected child had been previously tested for PAX6 mutations and 11p13 copy number variations, which revealed no changes. Considering the lack of pathogenic changes and precise diagnosis for the affected boy, NGS sequencing of clinically relevant genes was performed for the ongoing pregnancy; it revealed a novel hemizygous substitution NM_000266.3(NDP):c.385G > T, p.(Glu129*), in the NDP gene, which is associated with Norrie disease (OMIM #310600). Subsequent Sanger validation of the affected boy and his mother confirmed the identified substitution inherited in X-linked recessive mode. Amniotic fluid testing revealed the fetus was hemizygous for the variant and lead to the decision of the family to interrupt the pregnancy. Complications which developed during the termination of pregnancy required hysterectomy due to medical necessity. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical polymorphism of hereditary ophthalmic pathology can severely complicate establishment of an exact diagnosis and make it time- and cost-consuming. NGS appears to be the method-of-choice in complicated cases, and this could substantially hasten the establishment of a diagnosis and genetic risk estimation.

Genetic Landscape of SH3TC2 variants in Russian patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Introduction: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4C (CMT4C) OMIM#601596 stands out as one of the most prevalent forms of recessive motor sensory neuropathy worldwide. This disorder results from biallelic pathogenic variants in the SH3TC2 gene. Methods: Within a cohort comprising 700 unrelated Russian patients diagnosed with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, we conducted a gene panel analysis encompassing 21 genes associated with hereditary neuropathies. Among the cohort, 394 individuals exhibited demyelinating motor and sensory neuropathy. Results and discussion: Notably, 10 cases of CMT4C were identified within this cohort. The prevalence of CMT4C among Russian demyelinating CMT patients lacking the PMP22 duplication is estimated at 2.5%, significantly differing from observations in European populations. In total, 4 novel and 9 previously reported variants in the SH3TC2 gene were identified. No accumulation of a major variant was detected. Three previously reported variants, c.2860C>T p. (Arg954*), p. (Arg658Cys) and c.279G>A p. (Lys93Lys), recurrently detected in unrelated families. Nucleotide alteration p. (Arg954*) is present in most of our patients (30%).

Common Variants in the TYR Gene with Unclear Pathogenicity as the Cause of Oculocutaneous Albinism in a Cohort of Russian Patients.

Background: oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a hereditary impairment of skin, hair, and eye pigmentation. The most common form of albinism is autosomal recessive albinism, caused by mutations in the TYR gene, accounting for approximately 40-50% of all cases of the disease in European populations. Common hypomorphic variants in the TYR gene could lead to a mild form of albinism in a compound heterozygous state with a pathogenic variant. Methods: we examined by allele specific MLPA a cohort consisting of 118 unrelated patients with albinism and 10 parents of these patients. The control cohort consisted of 200 unexamined Russian residents. Results: the patients with albinism were divided into three groups: without pathogenic variants in the TYR gene-70 patients, with one pathogenic variant in the TYR gene-20 patients, and with two pathogenic variants in the TYR gene-28 patients. Among the 20 patients with a single heterozygous variant in the TYR gene, 15 patients had the c.575C>A p.(Ser192Tyr) variant, and 15 had the c.1205G>A p.(Arg402Gln) variant. Both the c.575C>A p.(Ser192Tyr) and c.1205G>A p.(Arg402Gln) variants were identified in 12 patients. In addition to the aforementioned variants, an intronic variant c.1185-6208A>G (rs147546939) was identified in seven patients. Conclusions: the frequencies and the number of alleles c.575A, c.1205A, and c.1185-6208G in different groups of patients and the control group were compared. In this study, we demonstrate that the complex alleles [c.575C>A p.(Ser192Tyr); c.1205G>A p.(Arg402Gln)] and [c.575C>A p.(Ser192Tyr); c.1185-6208A>G; c.1205G>A p.(Arg402Gln)] are associated with oculocutaneous albinism, which is consistent with findings from other researchers.