RESUMO
The association between schizophrenia and nicotine addiction becomes evident during adolescence. Here, to investigate interactive events that might underlie the early establishment of this comorbidity, we used phencyclidine-evoked locomotor sensitization, a proxy model of psychotic behavior, and nicotine minipump infusions in adolescent mice. Considering the involvement of dopamine D2 receptors in both schizophrenia and addiction, we further tested their role by exposing mice to raclopride. Adolescent mice that were either exposed to nicotine (24 mg/Kg/day) or not, received single daily raclopride (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) or saline followed by phencyclidine injections (10 mg/Kg, s.c.) during open field testing for 6 consecutive days (Acquisition phase, ACQ). Phencyclidine and nicotine challenges (Sensitization Test, ST) were carried out after a 5-day withdrawal. Ambulation escalated in response to repeated phencyclidine exposure during ACQ and was increased after phencyclidine challenge, evidencing development and expression of locomotor sensitization. Raclopride prevented phencyclidine-evoked development of sensitization. However, raclopride pre-exposure during ACQ only shortened its expression in phencyclidine-challenged mice. Nicotine failed to interfere with phencyclidine stimulatory effects during ACQ but potentiated raclopride inhibition during the first ACQ days. During ST, nicotine history shortened the expression of phencyclidine-evoked sensitization. Nicotine challenge had no impact on locomotion, which is consistent with a lack of nicotine/phencyclidine cross-sensitization. In conclusion, our results show that nicotine does not worsen, and may even ameliorate phencyclidine-sensitized psychotic-like behavior in adolescent mice. The potentiation of raclopride-mediated inhibition further suggests that nicotine transiently improves the therapeutic efficacy of medication on psychotic symptoms through mechanisms that converge on D2 receptors.
Assuntos
Nicotina , Fenciclidina , Camundongos , Animais , Fenciclidina/toxicidade , Nicotina/toxicidade , Racloprida/farmacologia , Locomoção , Atividade Motora , Receptores DopaminérgicosRESUMO
Violence is a growing public health problem worldwide. Nurses increasingly must perform forensic procedures with the responsibility to collect, document, preserve, and store evidence that may be used in the investigation of a violent crime. However, few nurses receive education in forensic evidence collection as part of their training. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between nurses' knowledge and performance of forensic evidence procedures. This is a descriptive survey study of nurses working in a prehospital emergency care service in Aracaju, Brazil. A 32-question survey related to forensic evidence knowledge and procedures was completed by 128 nurses. Descriptive statistics and Kendall's Tau-b were used to describe the sample and evaluate correlations. Results revealed an overall linear relationship between knowledge and performance of forensic evidence procedures (r = .69). The strongest correlation was between knowledge and documentation (r = .71). Weaker correlations were demonstrated between knowledge and evidence collection (r = .47), evidence preservation (r = .47), and overall evidence procedure execution (r = .53). Forensic nursing knowledge is related to forensic evidence procedure performance. Although the study showed that nurses agreed forensic evidence procedures are important for criminal investigations, most reported they were unprepared to carry out these procedures. The need for additional training and adherence to established institutional protocols are identified as contributing factors.
Assuntos
Documentação/métodos , Documentação/normas , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/métodos , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/normas , Enfermagem Forense/métodos , Enfermagem Forense/normas , Manejo de Espécimes/normas , Adulto , Brasil , Documentação/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Enfermagem Forense/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Manejo de Espécimes/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Violência/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Sex-biased differences in schizophrenia are evident in several features of the disease, including symptomatology and response to pharmacological treatments. As a neurodevelopmental disorder, these differences might originate early in life and emerge later during adolescence. Considering that the disruption of the glutamatergic system during development is known to contribute to schizophrenia, we hypothesized that the neonatal phencyclidine model could induce sex-dependent behavioral and neurochemical changes associated with this disorder during adolescence. C57BL/6 mice received either saline or phencyclidine (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) on postnatal days (PN) 7, 9, and 11. Behavioral assessment occurred in late adolescence (PN48-50), when mice were submitted to the open field, social interaction, and prepulse inhibition tests. Either olanzapine or saline was administered before each test. The NMDAR obligatory GluN1 subunit and the postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) were evaluated in the frontal cortex and hippocampus at early (PN30) and late (PN50) adolescence. Neonatal phencyclidine evoked dose-dependent deficits in all analyzed behaviors and males were more susceptible. Males also had reduced GluN1 expression in the frontal cortex at PN30. There were late-emergent effects at PN50. Cortical GluN1 was increased in both sexes, while phencyclidine increased cortical and decreased hippocampal PSD-95 in females. Olanzapine failed to mitigate most phencyclidine-evoked alterations. In some instances, this antipsychotic aggravated the deficits or potentiated subthreshold effects. These results lend support to the use of neonatal phencyclidine as a sex-biased neurodevelopmental preclinical model of schizophrenia. Olanzapine null effects and deleterious outcomes suggest that its use during adolescence should be further evaluated.
Assuntos
Antipsicóticos , Esquizofrenia , Masculino , Feminino , Animais , Camundongos , Fenciclidina/farmacologia , Esquizofrenia/induzido quimicamente , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Olanzapina/uso terapêutico , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Antipsicóticos/farmacologia , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antineoplastic agent clinically employed for treating breast cancer patients. Despite its effectiveness, its inherent adverse toxic side effects often limit its clinical application. To overcome these drawbacks, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPNP) arise as promising nanoplatforms that combine the advantages of both liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles into a single delivery system. Alpha-tocopherol succinate (TS) is a derivative of vitamin E that shows potent anticancer mechanisms, and it is an interesting approach as adjuvant. In this study, we designed a pH-sensitive PLGA-polymer-core/TPGS-lipid-shell hybrid nanoparticle, loaded with DOX and TS (LPNP_TS-DOX). Nanoparticles were physicochemically and morphologically characterized. Cytotoxicity studies, migration assay, and cellular uptake were performed in 4T1, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Antitumor activity in vivo was evaluated in 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice. In vitro studies showed a significant reduction in cell viability, cell migration, and an increase in cellular uptake for the 4T1 cell line compared to free DOX. In vivo antitumor activity showed that LPNP-TS-DOX was more effective in controlling tumor growth than other treatments. The high cellular internalization and the pH-triggered payload release of DOX lead to the increased accumulation of the drugs in the tumor area, along with the synergic combination with TS, culminating in greater antitumor efficacy. These data support LPNP-TS-DOX as a promising drug delivery system for breast cancer treatment.
RESUMO
This study aims to demonstrate the applicability and importance of zebrafish (Danio rerio) model to study acute and chronic inflammatory responses induced by different stimuli: carrageenan phlogogen (nonimmune); acute infection by bacteria (immune); foreign body reaction (chronic inflammation by round glass coverslip implantation); reaction induced by xenotransplantation. In addition to the advantages of presenting low breeding cost, high prolificity, transparent embryos, high number of individuals belonging to the same spawning and high genetic similarity that favor translational responses to vertebrate organisms like humans, zebrafish proved to be an excellent tool, allowing the evaluation of edema formation, accumulation of inflammatory cells in the exudate, mediators, signaling pathways, gene expression and production of specific proteins. Our studies demonstrated the versatility of fish models to investigate the inflammatory response and its pathophysiology, essential for the successful development of studies to discover innovative pharmacological strategies.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Edema/prevenção & controle , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Edema/etiologia , Edema/genética , Edema/metabolismo , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Inflamação/etiologia , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/metabolismo , Masculino , Transdução de Sinais , Fatores de Tempo , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
PURPOSE: Nanotheranostic platforms, i.e., the combination of both therapeutic and diagnostic agents on a single platform, are emerging as an interesting tool for the personalized cancer medicine. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the in vivo properties of a Tc-99m-labeled nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulation, co-loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), for theranostic applications. PROCEDURES: NLC-DHA-DOX were prepared busing the hot melting homogenization method using an emulsification-ultrasound and were radiolabeled with Tc-99m. Biodistribution studies, scintigraphic images, and antitumor activity were performed in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS: NCL was successfully radiolabeled with Tc-99m. Blood clearance showed a relatively long half-life, with blood levels decaying in a biphasic manner (T1/2 α = 38.7 min; T1/2 ß = 516.5 min). The biodistribution profile and scintigraphic images showed higher tumor uptake compared to contralateral muscle in all time-points investigated. Antitumor activity studies showed a substantial tumor growth inhibition ratio for NLC-DHA-DOX formulation. In addition, the formulation showed more favorable toxicity profiles when compared to equivalent doses of free administered drugs, being able to reduce heart and liver damage. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, NLC-DHA-DOX formulation demonstrated feasibility in breast cancer treatment and diagnosis/monitoring, leading to a new possibility of a theranostic platform.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/química , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Nanoestruturas/química , Nanomedicina Teranóstica , Animais , Peso Corporal , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Doxorrubicina/farmacocinética , Feminino , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Tamanho da Partícula , Análise de Regressão , Eletricidade Estática , Distribuição Tecidual , Carga TumoralRESUMO
Combination-based chemotherapies have been the standard treatment for multiple solid tumors since the 1960s. Combined therapies where both agents have toxicity results in dose-limiting effects. α- tocopherol succinate (TS) is an analogue of vitamin E that exhibits antitumor properties in the absence of toxicity. Hence, its combination with a frontline chemotherapy, doxorubicin (DOX) is an alternative to increase antitumor efficacy. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the antitumor activity of nanostructed lipid carriers (NLC) loaded with TS and DOX. The NLC-TS-DOX were prepared, characterized and radiolabeled with technetium-99m. Cytotoxicity studies were performed in vitro, using two breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and 4T1. Biodistribution and antitumor activity were evaluated in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. The results showed that NLC-TS-DOX had a small diameter (85â¯nm) and a long blood clearance (T1/2ßâ¯=â¯1107.71â¯min) that consequently resulted in a higher tumor uptake compared to contralateral muscle for up to 48â¯h. Drug combination studies in MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells showed a combination index below 0.8 at ED50-90 for both cell lines. Interestingly, a high synergism was found at ED90. Antitumor activity showed a better control of tumor growth for animals treated with NLC-ST-DOX. The small particle size, along with the EPR effect and the controlled release of DOX from the particle, associated with the synergic combination between TS and DOX led to an increase of the antitumor efficacy. Therefore, NLC-TS-DOX can be considered a plausible alternative to improve antitumor efficacy in DOX therapeutic regimens.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Lipídeos/química , Nanopartículas/química , alfa-Tocoferol/análogos & derivados , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Tamanho da Partícula , Eletricidade Estática , Distribuição Tecidual , alfa-Tocoferol/farmacologia , alfa-Tocoferol/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Early undernutrition causes long lasting alterations that affect the response to psychoactive drugs. Particularly, undernutrition during lactation affects the acute locomotor response to nicotine during adolescence, but the reward effect of continued exposure to nicotine remains unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of undernutrition during lactation on the nicotine susceptibility indexed via conditioned place preference (CPP), on dopamine content and turnover and on nicotine-induced nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) upregulation in the cerebral cortex, midbrain and hippocampus of adolescent mice. The impact of undernutrition and nicotine exposure on stress-related hormones and leptin was also investigated. From postnatal day 2 (PN2) to weaning (PN21), dams were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: Control (C) - free access to standard laboratory diet (23% protein); Protein Restricted (PR) - free access to isoenergenetic diet (8% protein); Calorie Restricted (CR) - access to standard laboratory diet in restricted quantities (mean ingestion of PR). PR and CR groups showed less mass gain and less visceral fat mass. While C and CR were equally susceptible to nicotine-induced place preference conditioning, PR failed to show a conditioning pattern. In contrast, all groups presented a nicotine-evoked nAChR upregulation in the cerebral cortex. While dopamine and DOPAC levels did not differ between groups, the DOPAC/dopamine ratio was increased in CR animals. No differences in endocrine parameters were observed. Taken together, our results indicate that undernutrition during lactation programs for brain alterations later in life. Our data also suggest that early undernutrition does not affect the rewarding associative properties of nicotine at adolescence.
Assuntos
Ácido 3,4-Di-Hidroxifenilacético/metabolismo , Córtex Cerebral , Dopamina/metabolismo , Nicotina/farmacologia , Agonistas Nicotínicos/farmacologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/patologia , Recompensa , Corticosteroides/metabolismo , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/metabolismo , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Córtex Cerebral/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Condicionamento Operante/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Masculino , Desnutrição/complicações , Desnutrição/patologia , Camundongos , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/fisiopatologia , Ligação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Nicotínicos/genética , Receptores Nicotínicos/metabolismo , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Nowadays cancer is one of the most common causes of deaths worldwide. Conventional antitumor agents still present various problems related to specificity for tumor cells often leading to therapeutic failure. Nanoscale particles are considered potential alternative to direct access of drugs into tumor cells, therefore increasing the drug accumulation and performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor activity of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) versus liposomes against a breast cancer animal experimental model. NLC-DOX and liposomes-DOX were successfully prepared and characterized. Tumor-bearing mice were divided into five groups (blank-NLC, blank-liposome, DOX, NLC-DOX, liposome-DOX). Each animal received by the tail vein four doses of antitumoral drugs (total dose, 16mg/kg), every 3 days. Antitumor efficacy was assessed by measuring 1) tumor volume, calculating the inhibitory ratio (TV-IR, see after) and 2) acquiring scintigraphic images of the tumor using doxorubicin radiolabeled with technetium-99m as an imaging tumor probe. Liposome-DOX and free DOX did not showed differences in the tumor mean volume, whereas NLC-DOX proved to be the best treatments in controlling the tumor growth. NLC-DOX showed an inhibition ration (TV-IR) of 73.5% while free DOX and liposome-DOX decreased TV-RI of 48.8% and 68.0%, respectively. Tumor was clearly visualized in controls, DOX, and liposome-DOX groups. Yet, regarding the NLC-DOX group, tumor was barely identified by the image, indicating antitumor efficacy. Moreover, both NLC and liposomes proved to be able to delay the occurrence of lung metastasis. In conclusion, results of this study indicated that NLC-DOX might be an alternative strategy to achieve an efficient antitumor activity.
Assuntos
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Doxorrubicina/análogos & derivados , Lipídeos/química , Nanopartículas , Animais , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/química , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/química , Doxorrubicina/metabolismo , Composição de Medicamentos , Feminino , Injeções Intravenosas , Lipossomos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Polietilenoglicóis/administração & dosagem , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Polietilenoglicóis/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Carga TumoralRESUMO
PURPOSE: Therapeutic agents used in chemotherapy have low specificity leading to undesired severe side effects. Hence, the development of drug delivery systems that improve drug specificity, such as liposome moieties, is an alternative to overcome chemotherapy limitations and increase antitumor efficacy. In this study, the biodistribution profile evaluation of pH-sensitive long-circulating liposomes (SpHL) containing [99mTc]DOX in 4T1 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice is described. PROCEDURES: [99mTc]DOX was radiolabeled by direct method. Liposomes were prepared and characterized. [99mTc]DOX was encapsulated into liposomes by freezing and thawing. Circulation time for SpHL-[99mTc]DOX was determined by measuring the blood activity from healthy animals. Biodistribution studies were carried out in tumor-bearing mice at 1, 4, and 24 h after injection. RESULTS: Blood levels of the SpHL-[99mTc]DOX declined in a biphasic manner, with an α half-life of 14.1 min and ß half-life of 129.0 min. High uptake was achieved in the liver and spleen, due to the macrophages captured. Moreover, tumor uptake was higher than control tissue, resulting in high tumor-to-muscle ratios, indicating higher specificity for the tumor area. CONCLUSION: [99mTc]DOX was successfully encapsulated in liposomes. Biodistribution indicated high tumor-to-muscle ratios in breast tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. In summary, these results showed the higher accumulation of SpHL-[99mTc]DOX in the tumor area, suggesting selective delivery of doxorubicin into tumor.
Assuntos
Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Lipossomos/química , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Músculos/patologia , Neoplasias/sangue , Tecnécio/química , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
AIM: More sensitive and accurate imaging approaches for early detection and therapy monitoring of lung tumours are needed to ameliorate prognosis and outcome. Lung tumours are known to overexpress receptors for bombesin-like peptides. However, thus far, no study has demonstrated the potential role of bombesin-like peptides in identifying A549 lung tumour cells in xenograft animal models. Thus, we evaluate the feasibility of Tc-HYNIC-ßAla-Bombesin(7-14) as an imaging probe in lung cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS: Xenograft lung tumours were implanted in nude mice and evaluated by histopathological analysis. Tumours were easily visualized by Tc-HYNIC-ßAla-Bombesin(7-14) within 30 days after inoculation of the A549 cell line into mice. Scintigraphic images showed high tumour-to-background ratio. DISCUSSION: The data obtained in this study indicate that Tc-HYNIC-ßAla-Bombesin(7-14) may be useful as an imaging probe to detect A549 lung cancer cells. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this specific radiocompound has been used to visualize non-small-cell lung cancer A549 in mice. Further translational research in humans is required to establish the potential role of this radiocompound in clinical practice.
Assuntos
Alanina/química , Bombesina/análogos & derivados , Bombesina/química , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos de Organotecnécio/química , Células A549 , Animais , Bombesina/farmacocinética , Transformação Celular Neoplásica , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
The aim of our study was to compare serum levels and protein tissue of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 proto-oncogene (HER2) and mucin 1 (MUC1) using an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in canine mammary carcinomas and investigate how the 2 markers correlate with dogs with metastasis and without metastasis to a regional lymph node. Forty-eight female dogs were selected, including 14 with non-metastatic cancer, 14 with lymph node metastasis, and 20 healthy animals. Serum samples were collected from all the animals and tissues from 28 dogs with malignant mammary tumor with or without metastasis for evaluated HER2 and MUC1 expression. Tissue sample were evaluated for MUC1 and HER2 immunoexpression by IHC. The results showed measurable serum levels of MUC1 and HER2 in all groups. While serum MUC1 levels were significantly higher in animals with metastasis than the other 2 groups, no increase was observed in HER2 serum levels. The MUC1 IHC results showed that only membrane immunostaining was significantly different between the groups. Statistically, there was an association between immunostaining and the serum HER2 levels. Our results indicate that serum concentrations of HER2 and the IHC staining pattern for HER2 in primary tumor do not correlate with the presence of regional metastasis. However, increased concentrations of MUC1 in the serum of dogs with mammary cancer are associated with the presence of metastasis to regional lymph nodes. A membrane pattern of IHC staining for MUC1 in the primary tumor suggests that metastases to regional lymph node are present.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/diagnóstico , Mucina-1/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Animais , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Doenças do Cão/metabolismo , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Metástase Linfática , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/sangue , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/patologia , Mucina-1/genética , Metástase Neoplásica , Prognóstico , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Receptor ErbB-2/genéticaRESUMO
Undernutrition during brain development causes long lasting alterations in different neurotransmitter systems that may alter responses to psychoactive drugs. Despite the recognized effects of early undernutrition on the cholinergic system, no evidence that demonstrates the influence of this insult on nicotine susceptibility has been reported. We investigated the effects of protein/calorie restriction during lactation on the susceptibility to nicotine in adolescent mice. Dams were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: Control (C, 20 litters)--free access to standard laboratory diet (23% protein); Protein Restricted (PR, 12 litters)--free access to a isoenergetic, 8% protein diet; Calorie Restricted (CR, 12 litters)--access to standard laboratory diet in restricted quantities (mean ingestion of PR: pair-fed group). Undernutrition extended from postnatal day 2 (PN2) to weaning (PN21). At PN30, animals either received an i.p. injection of nicotine (0.5mg/Kg) or saline and were immediately placed in open field (OF). After the OF, adrenal glands and serum were collected for the analyses of stress-related endocrine parameters and leptin concentration. PR and CR offspring showed less body mass gain and visceral fat mass. PR offspring presented reduced serum leptin concentration. In the OF, nicotine increased locomotor activity of C and PR, but not of CR. CR and PR offspring showed decreased adrenal catecholamine content, which was not dependent on nicotine exposure. Our results indicate that early undernutrition interferes with nicotine-elicited locomotor effects in adolescent mice and suggest that endocrine parameters alterations in malnourished animals do not influence the behavioral response to nicotine.
Assuntos
Lactação/efeitos dos fármacos , Locomoção/efeitos dos fármacos , Desnutrição/fisiopatologia , Nicotina/farmacologia , Agonistas Nicotínicos/farmacologia , Medula Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Restrição Calórica , Catecolaminas/metabolismo , Dieta com Restrição de Proteínas , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Exploratório/efeitos dos fármacos , Gorduras/metabolismo , Feminino , Hormônios/sangue , Leptina/metabolismo , Masculino , CamundongosRESUMO
We evaluated the epidemiology of Acinetobacter spp. recovered from patients diagnosed with bloodstream infections in 9 tertiary hospitals located in all Brazilian geographic regions between April and August 2014. Although OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter baumannii clones were disseminated in most hospitals, it was observed for the first time the spread of OXA-72 among clonally related A. baumannii isolated from distinct hospitals. Interestingly, Acinetobacter pittii was the most frequent species found in a Northern region hospital. Contrasting with the multisusceptible profile displayed by A. pittii isolates, the tetracyclines and polymyxins were the only antimicrobials active against all A. baumannii isolates.
Assuntos
Infecções por Acinetobacter/epidemiologia , Infecções por Acinetobacter/microbiologia , Acinetobacter/enzimologia , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , beta-Lactamases/metabolismo , Acinetobacter/classificação , Acinetobacter/genética , Acinetobacter/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Análise por Conglomerados , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tipagem Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Adulto Jovem , beta-Lactamases/genéticaRESUMO
The purpose of this paper is to establish criteria that could guide the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of canine mammary neoplasias. It was elaborated during the Mammary Pathology Meeting: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of the Canine Mammary Neoplasm, held on November 6th and 7th, 2010 in Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil, sponsored by the Laboratory of Comparative Pathology UFMG, with the support of the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Pathology (ABPV) and Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET). Academics from several regions of Brazil were present and contributed to this work.(AU)