In situ ruminal degradability of forage cactus-based diets associated with pornunça silage / Degradabilidade ruminal in situ de dietas a base de palma forrageira associada à silagem de pornunça

The knowledge of ruminal degradation kinetics of forage cactus-based diets associated with Euphorbiaceae species of the genus Manihot assist in understanding nutrient quality and use, contributing to the indication of combinations of these ingredients in ruminant diets. This study aimed to evaluate the in situ ruminal degradability of diets with increasing association of forage cactus Elephant Ear (MEE) and pornunça (Manihot sp.) silage, as well as to analyze and evaluate the indigestible neutral detergent fiber (FDNi) content of forage cactus MEE and pornunça silage. The treatments consisted of diets with cactus pear associated with pornunça silage in the roughage portion in the proportions of 375, 250, 125 and 0 g kg-1 of DM. The feed was composed of 50% roughage and 50% concentrate of dry matter. Incubation times of 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, and 144 hours were evaluated for the ingredients and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours for the diets. Incubation to obtain the iNDF was given for 288 hours. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with three replications. Regarding roughage ingredients, MEE showed higher average disappearance, potential degradability (PD), and effective degradability (ED) in relation to pornunça silage, as well as lower NDFi content. The proportion of 375 g kg-1 MEE and 125 g kg-1 pornunça silage provided higher fractions a, b, and c, increasing ED considering the three passage rates, with higher PD. In conclusion, the association between MEE and pornunça silage at a proportion of 375 g kg-1 MEE and125g kg-1 pornunça silage of the roughage portion increases the in situ degradability of dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber.

O conhecimento da cinética de degradação ruminal de dietas compostas por palma-forrageira associadas com espécies de Euphorbiaceae do gênero Manihot auxiliam na compreensão da qualidade e aproveitamento dos nutrientes, com contribuição para a indicação de combinações destes ingredientes em dietas para ruminantes. Objetivou-se avaliar a degradabilidade ruminal in situ de dietas com crescente associação de palma-forrageira Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) e silagem de pornunça (Manihot sp.), assim como, avaliar o teor de fibra em detergente neutro indigestível (FDNi) da palma OEM e da silagem de pornunça. Os tratamentos consistiram em dietas com palma forrageira associada à silagem de pornunça na porção volumosa nas proporções de 375, 250, 125 e 0 g kg-1 na MS. A dieta foi composta por 50% de volumoso e 50% de concentrado da matéria seca. Foram avaliados os tempos de incubação de 0, 6,12, 24, 48, 96 e 144 para os ingredientes e 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 ,12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 para as dietas. A incubação para a obtenção do FDNi foi realizada por 288 horas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Quanto aos ingredientes volumosos, a palma OEM apresentou maior desaparecimento médio, degradabilidade potencial (DP) e degradabilidade efetiva (DE) em relação à silagem de pornunça, bem como menor teor de FDNi. A proporção de 375 g kg-1 OEM e 125 g kg-1 de silagem de pornunça propiciou maiores frações a, b e c, atuando no aumento da DE considerando as três taxas de passagem, com maior DP. Conclui-se que à associação de palma OEM e silagem de pornunça na proporção de 375 g kg-1 OEM e 125 g kg-1 da silagem de pornunça da porção volumosa aumenta a degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro.

Maniçoba for sheep and goats - forage yield, conservation strategies, animal performance and quality of products / Maniçoba para ovinos e caprinos: produção de forragem, estratégias de conservação, desempenho do animal e qualidade dos produtos

In dry regions worldwide, providing feed for ruminants has been a great challenge, with a need to use plants which contribute to the resilience of production systems. Maniçoba is seen as a potential forage resource in the Brazilian semiarid, being used as hay or silage to feed ruminants. This review summarized results regarding forage production of maniçoba, in addition to dry matter (DM) intake, productive performance, and quality of animal products obtained providing maniçoba based diets, when compared to diets composed by other roughages for goats and sheep. Considering the evaluated studies, the average yield of maniçoba varied from 367 to 1,592 kg DM ha-¹, enhancing the forage yield by increasing plant fertilization and planting density. Diets based on maniçoba promoted similar or higher intake of DM and productive performance for goats and sheep, when compared to diets comprising other forage resources. The quality of animal products was also similar to the ones obtained with diets based on traditional roughages, such as Tifton 85 hay or spineless cactus. Therefore, maniçoba allows a forage production that may contribute to ruminant production systems in semiarid environment and promote productive performance and animal product quality compatible to the ones provided by traditional forage plants.

Nas regiões secas mundiais, fornecer alimentos para ruminantes tem sido um grande desafio, havendo necessidade de utilizar plantas que contribuam para a resiliência dos sistemas de produção. A maniçoba é vista como um potencial recurso forrageiro no semiárido brasileiro, sendo utilizada como feno ou silagem para alimentação de ruminantes. O objetivo desta revisão foi sumarizar os resultados quanto à produção de forragem da maniçoba, além do consumo de matéria seca (MS), desempenho produtivo e qualidade dos produtos de origem animal obtidos com dietas à base de maniçoba, quando comparados com dietas compostas por outros volumosos para caprinos e ovinos. Considerando os estudos avaliados, a produtividade média da maniçoba variou de 367 a 1.592 kg de MS ha-¹, com aumento da produção de forragem pela maior fertilização da planta e densidade de plantio. As dietas à base de maniçoba promoveram resultados semelhantes ou superiores para ingestão de matéria seca e desempenho produtivo de caprinos e ovinos, quando comparadas às dietas compostas por outros recursos forrageiros. A qualidade dos produtos de origem animal também foi semelhante às proporcionadas por dietas à base de volumosos tradicionais, como feno Tifton 85 ou palma-forrageira. Portanto, a maniçoba apresenta produção de forragem que pode contribuir com os sistemas de produção de ruminantes em ambiente semiárido, e promover desempenho produtivo e qualidade dos produtos de origem animal compatíveis com as proporcionadas pelas forrageiras tradicionais.

Effect of different gonadotropins on in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes / Efeito de diferentes gonadotrofinas na maturação in vitro de oócitos ovinos

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of replacing the use of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of sheep oocytes. After sheep ovaries were collected (n=300), the cumulus-oocyte complexes were aspirated, selected, and divided into four groups according to the IVM medium: CON group, in which the basic IVM medium was used; and eCG, hCG, and FSH groups, in which the oocytes were immersed in basic IVM medium with 10 IU/mL eCG, 10 IU/mL hCG, and 10 µg/mL FSH-p, respectively. In vitro maturation of the oocytes was performed at 38.5 °C, in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air, for 24 h. Subsequently, the oocytes were evaluated for the degree of cumulus-cell expansion, chromatin configuration, GSH levels, and active mitochondria. There were no significant differences for the rate of cumulus cell expansion. The percentage of oocytes in MII was higher in the eCG group than in the CON and hCG groups (P<0.05) and similar to that of the FSH group. In conclusion, eCG can be used as a substitute for FSH in IVM of sheep oocytes.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) e da gonadotrofina coriônica humana (hCG), em substituição ao uso de hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH) na maturação in vitro (MIV) de oócitos ovinos. Após a coleta de ovários (n=300) ovinos, os complexos cúmulus-oócitos (CCOs) foram aspirados, selecionados e divididos em quatro grupos de acordo com o meio de MIV: grupo CON, em que foi utilizado o meio MIV base; e grupos ECG, HCG e FSH, em que os oócitos foram imersos em meio MIV base adicionado de 10 UI/mL de eCG, 10 UI/mL de hCG e 10 µg/mL de FSH-p, respectivamente. A MIV dos oócitos foi realizada a 38,5°C, em atmosfera umidificada de 5% de CO2 em ar, durante 24 horas. Posteriormente, os oócitos foram avaliados, quanto grau de expansão das células do cumulus, configuração da cromatina, níveis de GSH e mitocôndrias ativas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas com relação à taxa de expansão de células do cumulus. A percentagem de oócitos em MII foi maior no grupo ECG do que no grupo CON e HCG (P<0,05) e semelhante ao grupo FSH. Em conclusão, a eCG pode ser utilizada em substituição ao FSH na MIV de oócitos ovinos.

Efeito da estimulação hormonal ovariana e polivinilpirrolidona sobre a maturação in vitro de oócitos de cabras Anglo Nubiana / Effect of hormonal ovarian stimulation and polyvinylpyrrolidone on in vitro maturation of oocytes of Anglo Nubian goats

To evaluate the effect of hormonal stimulation treatments with PVP on the production and maturationof COCs, 27 goats received intravaginal devices (CIDR) for 10 days and 125 µg cloprostenol on day 8 oftreatment. The goats were distributed in the following groups: FSH-eCG, 300 IU of eCG and 70 mg pFSH, 36 hprior to the withdrawal of CIDR; FSH, receiving 180 mg (40/40; 35/35, 30 mg) at 12 h intervals; FSH-PVP10and FSH-PVP40 receiving 70 mg FSH dissolved in PVP 10,000 MW (24 hours before CIDR) and PVP MW40,000 (48 hours before CIDR), respectively. After follicular aspiration, COCs of grade I and II were submittedto IVM. Recovery rate from the FSH-PVP10 was higher (73.33%) than FSH-PVP40 (44.26%) and FSH-eCG(27.14%). COCs with grades I and II, were more frequently observed (P < 0.05) in FSH-PVP40 than FSH-eCG.FSH-PVP40 is an alternative to recovery and mature oocytes in vitro.

Efeito da melatonina na maturação in vitro de oócitos caprinos / Effect of melatonin on in vitro maturation of goat oocytes

To evaluate the effect of melatonin on in vitro maturation of goat oocytes, 12 females were used asoocyte donor. They were subjected to ovarian stimulation and ovum pickup by laparotomy. Oocytes wereevaluated and allocated into three groups of in vitro maturation: M0 (oocytes matured in TCM199 andsupplements); M10 and M50 (oocytes matured in M0 medium supplemented with 10 μM and 50 μM melatonin,respectively). All groups were subjected to the cell incubator for 24 hours at 38.5°C with a humidifiedatmosphere containing 5% CO2. For data analysis, Chi-square test was used, with a probability of 5% and acorrelation test. In conclusion, melatonin reduced in vitro maturation rates of goat oocytes.

Efeito da melatonina na maturação in vitro de oócitos caprinos / Effect of melatonin on in vitro maturation of goat oocytes

To evaluate the effect of melatonin on in vitro maturation of goat oocytes, 12 females were used asoocyte donor. They were subjected to ovarian stimulation and ovum pickup by laparotomy. Oocytes wereevaluated and allocated into three groups of in vitro maturation: M0 (oocytes matured in TCM199 andsupplements); M10 and M50 (oocytes matured in M0 medium supplemented with 10 μM and 50 μM melatonin,respectively). All groups were subjected to the cell incubator for 24 hours at 38.5°C with a humidifiedatmosphere containing 5% CO2. For data analysis, Chi-square test was used, with a probability of 5% and acorrelation test. In conclusion, melatonin reduced in vitro maturation rates of goat oocytes.(AU)

Efeito da estimulação hormonal ovariana e polivinilpirrolidona sobre a maturação in vitro de oócitos de cabras Anglo Nubiana / Effect of hormonal ovarian stimulation and polyvinylpyrrolidone on in vitro maturation of oocytes of Anglo Nubian goats

To evaluate the effect of hormonal stimulation treatments with PVP on the production and maturationof COCs, 27 goats received intravaginal devices (CIDR) for 10 days and 125 µg cloprostenol on day 8 oftreatment. The goats were distributed in the following groups: FSH-eCG, 300 IU of eCG and 70 mg pFSH, 36 hprior to the withdrawal of CIDR; FSH, receiving 180 mg (40/40; 35/35, 30 mg) at 12 h intervals; FSH-PVP10and FSH-PVP40 receiving 70 mg FSH dissolved in PVP 10,000 MW (24 hours before CIDR) and PVP MW40,000 (48 hours before CIDR), respectively. After follicular aspiration, COCs of grade I and II were submittedto IVM. Recovery rate from the FSH-PVP10 was higher (73.33%) than FSH-PVP40 (44.26%) and FSH-eCG(27.14%). COCs with grades I and II, were more frequently observed (P < 0.05) in FSH-PVP40 than FSH-eCG.FSH-PVP40 is an alternative to recovery and mature oocytes in vitro.(AU)