Herbicide and Cytogenotoxic Activity of Inclusion Complexes of Psidium gaudichaudianum Leaf Essential Oil and ß-Caryophyllene on 2-Hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin.

The present investigation aimed to develop inclusion complexes (ICs) from Psidium gaudichaudianum (GAU) essential oil (EO) and its major compound ß-caryophyllene (ß-CAR), and to evaluate their herbicidal (against Lolium multiflorum and Bidens pilosa) and cytogenotoxic (on Lactuca sativa) activities. The ICs were obtained using 2-hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HPßCD) and they were prepared to avoid or reduce the volatility and degradation of GAU EO and ß-CAR. The ICs obtained showed a complexation efficiency of 91.5 and 83.9% for GAU EO and ß-CAR, respectively. The IC of GAU EO at a concentration of 3000 µg mL-1 displayed a significant effect against weed species B. pilosa and L. multiflorum. However, the ß-CAR IC at a concentration of 3000 µg mL-1 was effective only on L. multiflorum. In addition, the cytogenotoxic activity evaluation revealed that there was a reduction in the mitotic index and an increase in chromosomal abnormalities. The produced ICs were able to protect the EO and ß-CAR from volatility and degradation, with a high thermal stability, and they also enabled the solubilization of the EO and ß-CAR in water without the addition of an organic solvent. Therefore, it is possible to indicate the obtained products as potential candidates for commercial exploration since the ICs allow the complexed EO to exhibit a more stable chemical constitution than pure EO under storage conditions.

Genetic diversity and structure of landrace accessions, elite lineages and cultivars of common bean estimated with SSR and SNP markers.

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important source of proteins, fibers and minerals for humans, being grown mainly in developing countries and representing a source of income for small farmers. In this work, a set of 206 Brazilian landraces and 59 elite lineages and cultivars were genotyped with 23 SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) and 251 SNPs (Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism) markers. The ideal number of groups, according to STRUCTURE, was K = 2 for both SNPs and SSRs. This could be expected considering the two original gene pools-Andean (AND) and Mesoamerican (MES). The matrices of genetic simple matching dissimilarity for SSRs and SNPs were highly correlated; therefore, the allelic data of the markers was combined and analyzed to understand the genetic relationships of the studied collection. The neighbor-joining analysis considering the genetic distance of simple matching grouped the 265 genotypes into 17 subgroups. The markers SSR and SNP presented high power to discriminate among the genotypes. The ample genetic diversity observed in the work collection makes it a valuable source for the conservation, sustainable management and exploration in breeding programs of the crop.

Exploring the versatility of sesquiterpene biosynthesis in guava plants: a comparative genome-wide analysis of two cultivars.

Psidium guajava L., a fruit crop belonging to the Myrtaceae family, is highly valued for its nutritional and medicinal properties. The family exhibits a diverse chemical profile of essential oils and serves as a valuable resource due to its ecological interactions, adaptability, and dispersal capacity. The Myrtaceae family has been extensively studied for its terpenoids. Genetic studies have focused on foliar terpene yield in species from the Eucalypteae and Melaleucaceae tribes. To understand the evolutionary trends in guava breeding, this study predicted terpene synthase genes (TPS) from different cultivars. Through this analysis, 43 full-length TPS genes were identified, and approximately 77% of them exhibited relative expression in at least one of the five investigated plant tissues (root, leaf, bud, flower, and fruit) of two guava cultivars. We identified intra-species variation in the terpene profile and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in twelve TPS genes, resulting in the clustering of 62 genotypes according to their essential oil chemotypes. The high concentration of sesquiterpenes is supported by the higher number of TPS-a genes and their expression. The expansion for TPS sub-families in P. guajava occurred after the expansion of other rosids species. Providing insight into the origin of structural diversification and expansion in each clade of the TPS gene family within Myrtaceae. This study can provide insights into the diversity of genes for specialized metabolites such as terpenes, and their regulation, which can lead to a diverse chemotype of essential oil in different tissues and genotypes. This suggests a mode of enzymatic evolution that could lead to high sesquiterpene production, act as a chemical defense and contribute to the adaptive capacity of this species to different habitats.

["I do not wish to be controversial": the arrival of the plague in Brazil; analysis of a controversy, 1899]. / "Não é meu intuito estabelecer polêmica": a chegada da peste ao Brasil, análise de uma controvérsia, 1899.

This article analyzes a debate brought to the public arena by Jornal do Commercio newspaper in August and September 1899 involving two sanitation officials: Nuno de Andrade, Director-General of Public Health, and Jorge Pinto, Director of Hygiene and Public Welfare of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The issue in question was the measures taken by the federal government to prevent bubonic plague reaching Brazil from Porto, Portugal, where there was an epidemic. The theoretical framework for the analysis is Pierre Bourdieu's notion of field, and Bruno Latour's studies into scientific controversy.

Introduction: Disease Reservoirs: From Colonial Medicine to One Health.

The introduction of the special issue "Disease Reservoirs: Anthropological and Historical Approaches" sets out the origins and trajectories of disease reservoir frameworks. First, it charts the emergence and elaborations of the reservoirs concept within and across early 20th-century colonial contexts, emphasising its configuration within imperial projects that sought to identify, map and control spaces of contagion among humans, animals, and pathogens. Following this, it traces the position the reservoir framework assumed within post-colonial practices and imaginaries of global health, with particular reference to the emerging infectious disease paradigm. The introduction shows that, in contemporary usages, while the concept continues to frame animals, humans and their bodies as containers of previously identified pathogens, it also emphasises the imperative of anticipating as-of-yet unknown diseases, harboured in the bodies of certain animals, through networks and techniques of surveillance. Consequently, the introduction argues that the notion of disease reservoirs remains intimately intertwined with concerns over the classification, organization, and management of peoples, pathogens, animals, and space. Finally, the introduction outlines the seven papers that form this special issue, stressing how they dialogue, complement, and challenge previous historical and anthropological approaches to disease reservoirs, with an eye to opening up new avenues for cross-disciplinary exploration.

Genomic and epigenomic variation in Psidium species and their outcome under the yield and composition of essential oils.

Diploid and polyploid species derived from the euploid series x = 11 occur in the genus Psidium, as well as intraspecific cytotypes. Euploidy in the genus can alter the gene copy number, resulting in several "omics" variations. We revisited the euploidy, reported genomic (nuclear 2C value, GC%, and copy number of secondary metabolism genes) and epigenomic (5-mC%) differences in Psidium, and related them to essential oil yield and composition. Mean 2C values ranged from 0.90 pg (P. guajava) to 7.40 pg (P. gaudichaudianum). 2C value is intraspecifically varied in P. cattleyanum and P. gaudichaudianum, evidencing cytotypes that can be formed from euploid (non-reduced) and/or aneuploid reproductive cells. GC% ranged from 34.33% (P. guineense) to 48.95% (P. myrtoides), and intraspecific variations occurred even for species without 2C value intraspecific variation. Essential oil yield increased in relation to 2C value and to GC%. We showed that P. guajava (diploid) possesses two and P. guineense (tetraploid) four copies of the one specific TPS gene, as well as eight and sixteen copies respectively of the conserved regions that occur in eight TPS genes. We provide a wide "omics'' characterization of Psidium and show the outcome of the genome and epigenome variation in secondary metabolism.

Aseptic leptomeningitis induced by azathioprine in systemic lupus erythematosus: a rare manifestation.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune systemic disease and these patients can have neurological involvement; however, aseptic leptomeningitis is considered to be a very rare feature, observed in 1.4-2.0% of patients. Here, we described a case of a young male with SLE treated with azathioprine with progressive headache, which revealed diffuse posterior fossa leptomeningitis, relatively sparing the supratentorial compartment, that represent an adverse drug reaction - a rare manifestation of central nervous system involvement in SLE. Treatment with azathioprine was interrupted and methylprednisolone was initiated and the patient has significant improvement of his neurological state in 5 days later, demonstrating total involution of the leptomeningeal enhancement on MRI follow-up.

Isolated Area Postrema Syndrome Preceding the Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis: A Case Report.

OBJECTIVE: We report a case of biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis after an initial presentation of area postrema syndrome. METHODS: A 65-year-old man was evaluated using MRI, temporal artery biopsy, and ultrasound. RESULTS: The patient presented with refractory nausea, vomiting, and hiccups that caused weight loss without any other neurologic or clinical symptoms. His MRI scan 15 days later revealed a hyperintense sign on the area postrema with no abnormal diffusion or contrast enhancement, compatible with isolated area postrema syndrome. An extensive workup for inflammation and other etiologies including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disorder, and multiple sclerosis (MS) showed negative results. The patient responded to treatment with methylprednisolone. Two months after the initial clinical manifestation, the patient developed fatigue, headache, and scalp tenderness. He was diagnosed with giant cell arteritis after ultrasonography and biopsy were performed. He responded well to oral glucocorticoids and had only 1 relapse during tapering. He has not had arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy or any new episodes of area postrema syndrome. DISCUSSION: This case demonstrates the importance of expanding the differential diagnosis in patients with area postrema syndrome and no other signs of NMOSD.

Diffuse spinal cord metastasis after resection of SMARCB1 sinonasal carcinoma manifesting with a right foot drop-a case report.

INTRODUCTION: The sinonasal carcinoma are rare tumors of the head and neck. The undifferentiated sinonasal carcinoma subtypes are constantly being explored and new mutations, with different prognosis markers and biological behaviors are being described. The SMARCB1 negative sinonasal carcinoma subtypes have been recently described with few reports of leptomeningeal and spinal cord invasion. CASE PRESENTATION: This study presents the case of a 59-year-old woman, with no previous disease, presenting initially with epistaxis that evolved to cranial nerve deficits and a left eye complete oftalmoplegia. After diagnostic investigation, she had a diagnosis of a left ethmoid sinus sinonasal carcinoma. Following resection of the tumor, she evolved with a right foot drop that eventually has been linked to diffuse spinal cord impairment. The histopathological diagnosis confirmed a SMARCB1 negative sinonasal carcinoma. Due to the diffuse metastasis, she underwent palliative care and died eight months after the surgery. DISCUSSION: Spinal cord metastasis may manifest with different clinical signs. Our case shows a rare manifestation of SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma, a new subtype of sinonasal carcinoma, summarizing the importance of a high grade of suspicion of spinal cord invasion on these patients. SMARCB1 sinonasal carcinomas are rare new tumors of the head and neck, whose biological behaviors are yet to be explored. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the few case reports describing simultaneous spread of this tumor to the central nervous system and spinal cord.

From Bombay to Rio de Janeiro: the circulation of knowledge and the establishment of the Manguinhos laboratory, 1894-1902. / De Bombaim ao Rio de Janeiro: circulação de conhecimento e a criação do Laboratório de Manguinhos, 1894-1902.

In order to understand the 1900 establishment of the Federal Serum Therapy Institute of Manguinhos and its earliest scientific work, we must analyze the circulation of knowledge and international disputes surrounding antiplague serums and vaccines. This article discusses the development of the first antiplague serum, in Paris, and the trials conducted in India, which started in 1897. It also examines the invention of an antiplague vaccine in Bombay around the same time and the ensuing controversy involving it and the French serum. The article then explores the pathways by which these objects reached Brazil and also looks at how local issues there meshed with the international scientific dispute, ultimately justifying reconfigurations of the two objects in Rio de Janeiro.

Para se compreender a fundação, em 1900, e os primeiros trabalhos científicos do Instituto Soroterápico Federal, é necessário analisar a circulação de conhecimento e a disputa internacional envolvendo os soros antipestosos e as vacinas antipestosas. O artigo discute a criação do primeiro soro antipestoso, em Paris, e os testes realizados a partir de 1897 na Índia. Paralelamente, examina a invenção da vacina antipestosa na mesma época em Bombaim e a oposição construída entre ela e o soro antipestoso francês. Em seguida, observa os diferentes caminhos pelos quais esses objetos chegaram ao Brasil e como questões locais se conectaram à disputa científica internacional e justificaram, no Rio de Janeiro, reconfigurações em torno desses dois objetos.

Trayectorias y desafíos en la historiografía de la ciencia y de la medicina en América Latina / Tracks and challenges in the historiography of the science and medicine in Latin America

El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir a la historiografía de la ciencia y la medicina Latinoamericana analizando cuatro perspectivas utilizadas por los investigadores desde mediados del siglo XX hasta comienzos del siglo XXI. La primera perspectiva fue fuertemente influenciada por un supuesto eurocéntrico según el cual la ciencia era un producto intelectual moderno, una forma de conocimiento racional superior y deseable a todas las culturas. La segunda y tercera perspectivas consideraron a la ciencia como un emprendimiento social y cultural que tenía una dinámica propia en los países latinoamericanos. Estas dos perspectivas le dieron mucha importancia a las nociones de recepción, negociación e interacción. Asimismo, resaltaron la capacidad proactiva de actores locales y nacionales. La cuarta perspectiva -asociada a una corriente más amplia conocida como Historia Global- enfatiza la circulación transnacional del conocimiento entre culturas que a veces va más allá de la región latinoamericana, desafiando algunas de las bases de las perspectivas anteriores como la centralidad del Estado Nación

The purpose of this article is to contribute to the historiography of science and medicine in Latin America by analyzing four perspectives used by researchers since the mid-20th century to the early 21st century. The first perspective was strongly influenced by an eurocentric assumption according to which science was a modern intelectual product, a higher form of rational knowledge and an aspiration of all cultures. The second and third perspectives considered science as a social and cultural venture that had a unique dynamic in Latin American countries. These two perspectives gave much importance to the notions of reception, negotiation and interaction. In addition, they highlighted the proactive capacity of local and national actors. The fourth perspective-associated to a broader perspective known as Global History-emphasizes the transnational circulation of knowledge among cultures and goes beyond the Latinamerican region, challenging some of the basis of previous perspectives such as the centrality of the Nation State

De Bombaim ao Rio de Janeiro: circulação de conhecimento e a criação do Laboratório de Manguinhos, 1894-1902 / From Bombay to Rio de Janeiro: the circulation of knowledge and the establishment of the Manguinhos laboratory, 1894-1902

Para se compreender a fundação, em 1900, e os primeiros trabalhos científicos do Instituto Soroterápico Federal, é necessário analisar a circulação de conhecimento e a disputa internacional envolvendo os soros antipestosos e as vacinas antipestosas. O artigo discute a criação do primeiro soro antipestoso, em Paris, e os testes realizados a partir de 1897 na Índia. Paralelamente, examina a invenção da vacina antipestosa na mesma época em Bombaim e a oposição construída entre ela e o soro antipestoso francês. Em seguida, observa os diferentes caminhos pelos quais esses objetos chegaram ao Brasil e como questões locais se conectaram à disputa científica internacional e justificaram, no Rio de Janeiro, reconfigurações em torno desses dois objetos.(AU)

De Bombaim ao Rio de Janeiro: circulação de conhecimento e a criação do Laboratório de Manguinhos, 1894-1902 / From Bombay to Rio de Janeiro: the circulation of knowledge and the establishment of the Manguinhos laboratory, 1894-1902

Resumo Para se compreender a fundação, em 1900, e os primeiros trabalhos científicos do Instituto Soroterápico Federal, é necessário analisar a circulação de conhecimento e a disputa internacional envolvendo os soros antipestosos e as vacinas antipestosas. O artigo discute a criação do primeiro soro antipestoso, em Paris, e os testes realizados a partir de 1897 na Índia. Paralelamente, examina a invenção da vacina antipestosa na mesma época em Bombaim e a oposição construída entre ela e o soro antipestoso francês. Em seguida, observa os diferentes caminhos pelos quais esses objetos chegaram ao Brasil e como questões locais se conectaram à disputa científica internacional e justificaram, no Rio de Janeiro, reconfigurações em torno desses dois objetos.

Abstract In order to understand the 1900 establishment of the Federal Serum Therapy Institute of Manguinhos and its earliest scientific work, we must analyze the circulation of knowledge and international disputes surrounding antiplague serums and vaccines. This article discusses the development of the first antiplague serum, in Paris, and the trials conducted in India, which started in 1897. It also examines the invention of an antiplague vaccine in Bombay around the same time and the ensuing controversy involving it and the French serum. The article then explores the pathways by which these objects reached Brazil and also looks at how local issues there meshed with the international scientific dispute, ultimately justifying reconfigurations of the two objects in Rio de Janeiro.

“Não é meu intuito estabelecer polêmica”: a chegada da peste ao Brasil, análise de uma controvérsia, 1899 / “I do not wish to be controversial”: the arrival of the plague in Brazil; analysis of a controversy, 1899

Analisa um debate trazido a público pelo Jornal do Commercio, entre agosto e setembro de 1899, envolvendo duas autoridades sanitárias, Nuno de Andrade, diretor-geral de Saúde Pública, e Jorge Pinto, diretor de Higiene e Assistência Pública do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. No cerne da questão as medidas tomadas pelo governo federal para evitar a chegada da peste bubônica ao Brasil, a partir de uma epidemia existente na cidade do Porto, Portugal. O referencial teórico para a análise foi a noção de campo de Pierre Bourdieu e os estudos sobre controvérsia científica de Bruno Latour. (AU)

"Não é meu intuito estabelecer polêmica": a chegada da peste ao Brasil, análise de uma controvérsia, 1899 / "I do not wish to be controversial": the arrival of the plague in Brazil; analysis of a controversy, 1899

Analisa um debate trazido a público pelo Jornal do Commercio, entre agosto e setembro de 1899, envolvendo duas autoridades sanitárias, Nuno de Andrade, diretor-geral de Saúde Pública, e Jorge Pinto, diretor de Higiene e Assistência Pública do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. No cerne da questão as medidas tomadas pelo governo federal para evitar a chegada da peste bubônica ao Brasil, a partir de uma epidemia existente na cidade do Porto, Portugal. O referencial teórico para a análise foi a noção de campo de Pierre Bourdieu e os estudos sobre controvérsia científica de Bruno Latour.

A peste bubônica no Rio de Janeiro e as estratégias públicas no seu combate (1900-1906) / The bubonic plague in the city of Rio de Janeiro and the public strategies to combat it (1900-1906)

Esse artigo analisa a epidemia de peste bubônica ocorrida na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no período de 1900 a 1906, a partir das estratégias públicas para o seu combate. Se no inicio, o governo tomou medidas conservadoras já utilizadas para debelar epidemias, foram a reformulação das leis sanitárias, o saneamento da cidade e, especialmente, a caça aos ratos que lograram êxito na extinção da peste bubônica na Capital Federal. As fontes principais para essa análise são os relatórios da Diretoria Geral de Saúde Publica e do Ministério da Justiça e Negócios Interiores.

A peste bubônica em Portugal e Brasil: uma análise comparada (1899-1906) / Bubonic plague in Portugal and Brazil: a comparative analysis (1899-1906)

O objetivo desse artigo é comparar alguns aspectos das epidemias de peste bubônica no Porto, em 1899, e no Brasil, mais especificamente no Rio de Janeiro, de 1900 a 1906. Em primeiro lugar, compararemos como se realizou o diagnóstico oficial da doença em cada país. Em segundo, as medidas governamentais para combater as epidemias no Porto e no Rio de Janeiro. Em terceiro, a reação da população carioca e portuense diante das medidas governamentais.

"Não é meu intuito estabelecer polêmica": a chegada da peste ao Brasil, análise de uma controvérsia, 1899 / "I do not wish to be controversial": the arrival of the plague in Brazil; analysis of a controversy, 1899

Analisa um debate trazido a público pelo Jornal do Commercio , entre agosto e setembro de 1899, envolvendo duas autoridades sanitárias, Nuno de Andrade, diretor-geral de Saúde Pública, e Jorge Pinto, diretor de Higiene e Assistência Pública do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. No cerne da questão as medidas tomadas pelo governo federal para evitar a chegada da peste bubônica ao Brasil, a partir de uma epidemia existente na cidade do Porto, Portugal. O referencial teórico para a análise foi a noção de campo de Pierre Bourdieu e os estudos sobre controvérsia científica de Bruno Latour.

This article analyzes a debate brought to the public arena by Jornal do Commercio newspaper in August and September 1899 involving two sanitation officials: Nuno de Andrade, Director-General of Public Health, and Jorge Pinto, Director of Hygiene and Public Welfare of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The issue in question was the measures taken by the federal government to prevent bubonic plague reaching Brazil from Porto, Portugal, where there was an epidemic. The theoretical framework for the analysis is Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of field, and Bruno Latour’s studies into scientific controversy.

Caça ao rato: no início do século XX, os cariocas trocavam roedores por dinheiro e ajudavam no combate à peste / Mouse Hunt: in the begin of the twentieth century, the cariocas exchanged rodents for money and helped to combat the plague

“Rato, rato, rato!” Ao ouvir esse grito no Rio de Janeiro no início do século XX, nada de olhar para o chão nem ficar em um pé só. O melhor seria correr atrás do rato, dar-lhe uma paulada e entregá-lo ao “ratoeiro”, provável autor do grito. Esse funcionário pagava a quem recolhesse ratos na rua e revendia os animais para o governo. A simples iniciativa tirou de circulação mais de 1,6 milhão desses animais entre 1903 a 1907, diminuindo os casos de peste bubônica. Mas também aguçou a malandragem dos cariocas: muitos chegaram a fabricar ratos de papelão e cera para vender. O artigo trata sobre os tempos de peste bubônica no Rio de Janeiro, mostrando como muita gente tentou se dar bem vendendo ratos. (AU)