Examining methods, messengers and behavioural theories to disseminate physical activity information to individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Many individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia are not active and lack the necessary knowledge and confidence to become and stay active. To develop effective physical activity promotion interventions, it is necessary to identify credible messengers and effective methods to disseminate physical activity information to this population. AIMS: The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and examine knowledge mobilization theories, messengers and methods used to disseminate physical activity information to individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. METHOD: This scoping review followed the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. RESULTS: In total, 43 studies and 7 reviews identified multiple messengers and methods used to disseminate physical activity information to individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, but few attempts to structure information theoretically. Findings do not point to which messengers or methods are most effective or which theories should be used to construct information interventions. Studies show that physical activity information should be provided in an individualised manner from staff who could easily connect with patients. CONCLUSIONS: Few researchers have addressed the physical activity information needs of individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Researchers need to examine and implement effective knowledge mobilization strategies for this population.

Older adult's experiences of navigating healthcare whilst living with multimorbidity.

OBJECTIVE: The way older adults navigate their healthcare is critical to supporting positive health outcomes. However, navigating healthcare with multimorbidity is typically disjointed due to complexities in treatment, management, and service provision. This study sought to examine how older patients navigate healthcare whilst living with multimorbidity. METHODS AND MEASURES: Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with five older adults, aged 65 or older, living with multimorbidity in residential care in England. An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was undertaken. RESULTS: Overall, participants experienced navigating healthcare whilst living with multimorbidity as challenging. Group Experiential Themes included 'Health knowledge and understanding', 'Relationships and expectations' and 'Navigating health care with a single lens'. Collectively these themes represented narratives involving how having limited understanding of health conditions, experiencing challenges in communication with health professionals, and receiving segmented care in a health care system driven by a single condition focus interfered with navigation. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight experiences of older adults living with multimorbidity navigating healthcare and illustrate several ways older adults living with multimorbidity may be supported to navigate services with less challenges. The research also promotes the need for future research in this area.