Use of Teledermatology to Improve Dermatological Access in Rural Areas.

Introduction: Dermatological access in rural regions has been impacted due to an acute, global dermatologist shortage coupled with a striking disparity in dermatologist density between urban and rural areas. As a result, the dermatological arena has been under notable pressure to amplify access. Teledermatology has entailed the use of technology to provide dermatological services to individuals located at a remote distance. The purpose of this literature review was to examine the effect of utilization of teledermatology to determine enhancement of dermatological access to residents of rural areas. Materials and Methods: This review followed a systematic approach and utilized five electronic databases to obtain peer-reviewed journal articles. A PRISMA approach was used and a total of 86 references were employed. Results: Teledermatology programs have been able to complement conventional dermatological care to enhance dermatological access to rural areas that have suffered from a shortage of dermatologists and could aid in supplementing traditional care as well. Within rural settings, the results of three studies in this review indicated the importance of improved quality for diagnostic precision, whereas one study reported that clinical images might not provide sufficient insight to deliver clear-cut diagnoses. In addition, enhancements in diagnostic precision could be obtained by upgrades in phone cameras to capture images. Finally, to most of the existing literature, in using teledermatology, physician satisfaction has been stronger than patient satisfaction. Conclusions: Teledermatology has had a beneficial impact in improving dermatological access to rural areas. The success of this technology is contingent upon the commitment and willingness of the dermatologist in utilizing it.

Can serial rapists be distinguished from one-off rapists?

There are investigative advantages to being able to determine early in a police investigation whether a rape has been committed by a serial or a one-off rapist. Previous research has found some differences in the crime-scene behaviors of serial and one-off rapists; however, this research suffers from the limitation of utilizing a sample of rapes within which there was a mixture of victim-offender relationships. To address this limitation, this study sampled 38 serial (two or more convictions) and 50 one-off (one conviction) stranger rapists and compared their crime scene behavior across four domains (control, sex, escape and style behaviors). Serial and one-off rapists differed in some control and sexual behaviors, in particular, in the type of victim targeted, the offense locations, methods of control and the sexual acts forced upon the victim. However, the results did not indicate a striking difference in the offending behavior of the two groups. The implications of these findings for criminal investigations are discussed.

MACRA and Accountable Care Organizations: Is It Working?

The purpose of this study was to examine how the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA) has improved health care delivery and to determine its impact on Accountable Care Organization (ACO) goals. ACOs have provided quality care through the reduction in readmission rates, coordinated care, and cost savings. With the passage of the MACRA, it has been estimated that it would further decrease Medicare spending on physician and hospital services. Also, ACOs have had a positive impact on improving health care delivery and have played a significant role in providing exceptional quality of care while also managing to increase the cost savings.

Cautiously optimistic: A survey of radiation oncology professionals' perceptions of automation in radiotherapy planning.

INTRODUCTION: While there is evidence to show the positive effects of automation, the impact on radiation oncology professionals has been poorly considered. This study examined radiation oncology professionals' perceptions of automation in radiotherapy planning. METHOD: An online survey link was sent to the chief radiation therapists (RT) of all Australian radiotherapy centres to be forwarded to RTs, medical physicists (MP) and radiation oncologists (RO) within their institution. The survey was open from May-July 2019. RESULTS: Participants were 204 RTs, 84 MPs and 37 ROs (response rates ∼10% of the overall radiation oncology workforce). Respondents felt automation resulted in improvement in consistency in planning (90%), productivity (88%), quality of planning (57%), and staff focus on patient care (49%). When asked about perceived impact of automation, the responses were; will change the primary tasks of certain jobs (66%), will allow staff to do the remaining components of their job more effectively (51%), will eliminate jobs (20%), and will not have an impact on jobs (6%). 27% of respondents believe automation will reduce job satisfaction. 71% of respondents strongly agree/agree that automation will cause a loss of skills, while only 25% strongly agree/agree that the training and education tools in their department are sufficient. CONCLUSION: Although the effect of automation is perceived positively, there are some concerns on loss of skillsets and the lack of training to maintain this. These results highlight the need for continued education to ensure that skills and knowledge are not lost with automation.

Brief report: prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among individuals with an autism spectrum disorder.

Currently, both the DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10 preclude the diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in cases that present with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This criterion will be removed in the upcoming DSM-V, but the relationship between ASD and ADHD, and in particular the prevalence of ADHD among the ASD population, remains controversial. Previous studies have reported clinically significant ADHD symptoms in one-third to three-quarters of ASD-affected individuals (probands). In our sample of 1,838 simplex children and adolescents with ASD, we found that less than 16% met clinically significant levels of ADHD symptoms, per parent report. When both parent and teacher reports were considered, the comorbidity rate was even lower, at 2%.