RESUMO
Delivery of local anaesthetic at the time of castration and tail docking (marking) could improve welfare outcomes in lambs. This study examined pain responses in lambs marked using rubber rings, with or without local anaesthetic precision injected using the Numnuts® instrument. On each of two commercial farms, 150 prime lambs aged 4 to 10 weeks, balanced for sex, were randomly allocated to 3 treatments: handled in a lambing cradle (Sham), handled and marked with rubber rings (Ring) or handled and marked with rubber rings and treated with 30 mg lignocaine using the Numnuts® instrument (NNLA). Time to mother up (one trial site only), acute pain related behaviours at 5, 20, 35 and 50 min, and postures at 10 min intervals from 60 to 180 min were recorded. NNLA lambs tended to mother up more quickly than Ring lambs (P = 0.09), and more slowly (P = 0.07) than Sham lambs. Acute pain behaviours were significantly more frequent in Ring and NNLA than Sham (P < 0.001) from 5 to 50 min. NNLA was significantly lower than Ring at 5 min (P < 0.001) and 20 min (P = 0.001). Ring and NNLA did not differ at 35 or 50 min. Abnormal postures were higher in Ring and NNLA than Sham at 60, 70, 80, 90 and 150 min (P < 0.048). Ring and NNLA did not differ at any time point between 60 and 180 min. Delivery of lignocaine with the Numnuts® instrument improved welfare outcome of lambs during the acute pain response caused by castration and tail docking with rubber rings.
Assuntos
Amputação Cirúrgica/veterinária , Anestésicos Locais/uso terapêutico , Lidocaína/uso terapêutico , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Dor/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Cauda/cirurgia , Amputação Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Animais , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Injeções/veterinária , Lidocaína/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Orquiectomia/efeitos adversos , Orquiectomia/métodos , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/etiologia , Borracha , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/etiologia , Carneiro Doméstico , Método Simples-CegoRESUMO
Mulesing is a painful husbandry procedure commonly used to reduce the risk of breech strike in sheep. This study assessed the behavioural (over 6â¯h), cortisol, haptoglobin and haematology responses to surgical mulesing plus tail hot knife docking (mulesing); modulated by a buccal meloxicam formulation (Buccalgesic), a topical local anaesthetic wound dressing (Tri-Solfen) or both agents. 24 lambs were allocated to each of: 1) Placebo and sham handled (Sham); 2) Placebo and mulesing (Mules); 3) Buccalgesic and mulesing (Mulesâ¯+â¯B); 4) Tri-Solfen and mulesing (Mulesâ¯+â¯T); 5) Placebo, Tri-Solfen and mulesing (Mulesâ¯+â¯Tâ¯+â¯P); 6) Buccalgesic, Tri-Solfen and mulesing (Mulesâ¯+â¯Tâ¯+â¯B). Compared with Mules, Mulesâ¯+â¯T had a lower cortisol response (72.5⯱â¯8.7â¯nmol/L v 122.9⯱â¯8.7â¯nmol/L) at 30â¯min, reduced statue standing at 2â¯h (3.9% v 11.4%) and increased lying (20.9-25.0% v 7.3-12.5%). Mulesâ¯+â¯B had reduced cortisol response at 6â¯h (48.1⯱â¯8.5â¯nmol/L), reduced Neutrophil:Lymphocyte ratio at 6â¯h (Mulesâ¯+â¯B: 1.25; Mules: 2.44), reduced statue standing at 2â¯h and 4-6â¯h (4.1-8.3%), and increased lying at 5â¯h (27.4%). Mulesâ¯+â¯Bâ¯+â¯T had lower cortisol concentrations at 30â¯mins (86.51⯱â¯8.71â¯nmol/L), TWCC not significantly different from Sham at 6â¯h (9.07 vs 8.09) and 24â¯h (9.05 vs 8.38). Mulesâ¯+â¯Tâ¯+â¯B had significantly lower TWCC than Mules at 12â¯h (9.56 vs 11.05) and 24â¯h (9.05 vs 10.42). Mulesâ¯+â¯Tâ¯+â¯B did not.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/farmacologia , Bem-Estar do Animal , Comportamento Animal , Manejo da Dor/veterinária , Ovinos/cirurgia , Animais , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Meloxicam , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Cauda/cirurgia , Tiazinas , TiazóisRESUMO
This study was a field-based behavioural assessment of the pain responses to surgical mulesing modulated by a buccal formulation of meloxicam (Buccalgesic) and a topical local anaesthetic wound dressing (Tri-Solfen). 20 lambs were randomly allocated to each of: 1) Placebo and sham handled (Sham); 2) Placebo and mulesing (Mules); 3) Buccalgesic and mulesing (Mules+B); 4) Tri-Solfen and mulesing (Mules+T); 5) Placebo, Tri-Solfen and mulesing (Mules+T+P); 6) Buccalgesic, Tri-Solfen and mulesing (Mules+T+B). Lamb behaviour was observed by scan sampling every 15â¯min for 6â¯h post mulesing then for 1.5â¯h daily over the subsequent 10â¯days. Wound score, wound sensitivity and body weight were recorded on day 4, 7 and 10. On the day of mulesing, abnormal behaviours were reduced for all groups that received the analgesic drugs compared to the Mules group (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). Tri-Solfen reduced expression of abnormal behaviours in the first 4â¯h; Buccalgesic reduced expression of abnormal behaviours between 2 and 6â¯h; and combination treatment reduced expression of abnormal behaviours over the entire observation period. On the subsequent two days, the drug combination resulted in fewer abnormal postures than Tri-Solfen alone. The drug combination tended to result in lower pain sensitivity (965.3â¯g tolerated) than either Mules+T+P (828.8â¯g), or Mules+B (791.2â¯g) on day 7 (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). Use of Tri-Solfen and Buccalgesic singly or in combination improved the welfare of lambs undergoing surgical mulesing. The residual effect of pain and discomfort caused by mulesing, were evident despite provision of analgesic drugs.
Assuntos
Anestésicos Locais/farmacologia , Bem-Estar do Animal , Comportamento Animal , Meloxicam/farmacologia , Ovinos/cirurgia , Cauda/cirurgia , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Animais , Feminino , Meloxicam/administração & dosagem , Manejo da Dor/veterinária , Distribuição Aleatória , TiazinasRESUMO
When vacuum-packed striploins and cube rolls processed by six Australian establishments were stored at 2 0.5°C to determine their shelf life, all product was acceptable organoleptically for at least 26 weeks. The aerobic plate counts and counts of lactic acid bacteria over the storage period did not accord with those established by previous studies, i.e., stationary phase attained at 7 to 8 log CFU/cm(2) after 5 to 8 weeks followed by the development of negative sensory characteristics around 12 to 16 weeks. Rather, counts rarely progressed to 7 log CFU/cm(2) even after 30 weeks. It is believed that the combined effects of meat pH, temperature, and CO(2) concentration may combine to create conditions in which little or no growth occurs.