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1.
Can Vet J ; 65(3): 250-258, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38434170

RESUMO

Objective: This study addressed the current gap in knowledge of neonatal prime-boost immune responses for the control of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) respiratory disease in weaning-age beef cattle. Animals: Study 1 and Study 2 had 33 and 22 commercial cross neonatal beef calves, respectively. Procedures: Study 1 compared BCoV-neutralizing antibody concentrations of control calves with 3 groups of calves differentially vaccinated with mucosal and/or systemic BCoV modified live virus (MLV) vaccines. Study 2 compared specific and neutralizing antibody concentrations among mucosally BCoV primed groups of calves that were differentially systemically boosted. Results: In Study 1, calves that were mucosally primed and systemically boosted had higher BCoV-neutralizing antibody concentrations than the control group at weaning. In Study 2, boosting mucosally primed calves by injecting inactivated or MLV vaccine resulted in anamnestic BCoV-specific antibody responses at weaning. Conclusion: Neonatal mucosal priming and systemic boosting resulted in anamnestic BCoV antibody responses at weaning. Clinical relevance: Prime-boost vaccination should be considered for control of BCoV respiratory disease.


Comparaison des réponses en anticorps ELISA neutralisant le virus et spécifiques du virus chez des nouveau-nés bovins vaccinés par amorces-rappels différenciés contre le coronavirus bovin. Objectif: Cette étude a abordé le manque actuel de connaissances sur les réponses immunitaires néonatales de stimulation pour maitriser la maladie respiratoire à coronavirus bovin (BCoV) chez les bovins de boucherie en âge de sevrage. Animaux: Les études 1 et 2 portaient respectivement sur 33 et 22 veaux de boucherie néonatals croisés commerciaux. Procédures: L'étude 1 a comparé les concentrations d'anticorps neutralisant le BCoV de veaux témoins avec 3 groupes de veaux vaccinés de manière différentielle avec des vaccins à virus vivant modifié (MLV) contre le BCoV pour administration par voie mucosale et/ou systémique. L'étude 2 a comparé les concentrations d'anticorps spécifiques et neutralisants parmi des groupes de veaux sensibilisés au BCoV par voie mucosale et qui ont eu un rappel par voie systémique différentielle. Résultats: Dans l'étude 1, les veaux qui avaient reçu une amorce au niveau des muqueuses et un rappel systémique présentaient des concentrations d'anticorps neutralisant le BCoV plus élevées que le groupe témoin au sevrage. Dans l'étude 2, le rappel des veaux amorcés par voie mucosale par l'injection d'un vaccin inactivé ou MLV a entraîné une réponse anamnestique en anticorps spécifiques du BCoV au sevrage. Conclusion: En période néonatale, l'amorce par voie mucosale et le renforcement systémique ont entraîné des réponses anamnestiques en anticorps BCoV au sevrage. Pertinence clinique: La vaccination de rappel doit être envisagée pour maitriser la maladie respiratoire causée par le BCoV.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Coronavirus Bovino , Bovinos , Animais , Formação de Anticorpos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Vacinação/veterinária , Vacinas Atenuadas
2.
Can Vet J ; 64(4): 337-343, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37008643

RESUMO

Objective: To determine if bovine colostrum and sera have antibodies that react with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Animals: Dairy and beef cattle from North America and Europe, sampled before and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Procedures: Indirect ELISAs using whole bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and SARS-CoV-2; whole SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1, Spike 2, and nucleocapsid proteins; and SARS-CoV-2-specific nucleocapsid peptide as antigens. Virus neutralization assay for BCoV. Surrogate virus neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2. Results: Antibodies reactive to BCoV were highly prevalent in samples collected from cattle before and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Antibodies reactive with SARS-CoV-2 were present in the same samples, and apparently increased in prevalence after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. These antibodies had variable reactivity with the spike and nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 but were apparently not specific for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: Bovine coronavirus continues to be endemic in cattle populations, as indicated by the high prevalence of antibodies to the virus in colostrum and serum samples. Also, the prevalent antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in bovine samples, before and after the pandemic, are likely the result of responses to epitopes on the spike and nucleocapsid proteins that are shared between the 2 betacoronaviruses. Cross-reactive antibodies in bovine colostrum could be examined for prophylactic or therapeutic effects on SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans.


Anticorps réactifs au coronavirus du SRAS 2 dans le colostrum bovin. Objectif: Déterminer si le colostrum et des échantillons de sérum bovins contiennent des anticorps qui réagissent avec le coronavirus 2 du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS-CoV-2). Animaux: Bovins laitiers et bovins de boucherie d'Amérique du Nord et d'Europe, échantillonnés avant et après la pandémie de SARS-CoV-2. Procédures: Épreuves ELISA indirectes utilisant le coronavirus bovin entier (BCoV) et le SARS-CoV-2; ensemble des protéines SARS-CoV-2 Spicule 1, Spicule 2 et nucléocapside; et le peptide de nucléocapside spécifique du SARS-CoV-2 comme antigènes. Test de neutralisation du virus pour le BCoV. Virus de substitution pour le test de neutralisation du SRAS-CoV-2. Résultats: Les anticorps réactifs au BCoV étaient très répandus dans les échantillons prélevés sur les bovins avant et après la pandémie de SRAS-CoV-2. Des anticorps réactifs au SRAS-CoV-2 étaient présents dans les mêmes échantillons et leur prévalence a apparemment augmenté après la pandémie de SRAS-CoV-2. Ces anticorps avaient une réactivité variable avec les protéines de spicule et de nucléocapside du SARS-CoV-2 mais n'étaient apparemment pas spécifiques du SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: Le coronavirus bovin continue d'être endémique dans les populations bovines, comme l'indique la forte prévalence d'anticorps dirigés contre le virus dans les échantillons de colostrum et de sérum. De plus, les anticorps prévalents contre le SRAS-CoV-2 dans les échantillons de bovins, avant et après la pandémie, sont probablement le résultat de réponses à des épitopes sur les protéines de spicule et de nucléocapside qui sont partagées entre les 2 bêtacoronavirus. Les anticorps à réaction croisée dans le colostrum bovin pourraient être examinés pour leurs effets prophylactiques ou thérapeutiques sur les infections par le SRAS-CoV-2 chez l'humain.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Doenças dos Bovinos , Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Animais , Bovinos , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/veterinária , Colostro , Anticorpos Antivirais , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia
3.
Can Vet J ; 57(11): 1166-1168, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27807380

RESUMO

The antimicrobial susceptibility of canine urinary Escherichia coli (n = 113) isolated by a regional diagnostic laboratory over a 1-year period was determined. Antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined, and those isolates resistant to beta-lactams were screened for broad-spectrum beta-lactamases. Isolates were unexpectedly susceptible, 79.6% were susceptible to all drugs tested and no extended-spectrum beta-lactamases were identified. Our findings indicate that empiric treatment of canine urinary tract infections with first line drugs such as amoxicillin or trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole is likely to be successful.


Résistance antimicrobienne et production de bêta-lactamase parEscherichia colicausant des infections des voies urinaires canines : surveillance passive des isolats de laboratoire à Saskatoon, au Canada, en 2014. La susceptibilité antimicrobienne de la bactérie Escherichia coli (n = 113) d'origine urinaire canine isolée par un laboratoire de diagnostique régional pendant une période de 1 an a été déterminée. Les concentrations inhibitrices minimales d'antimicrobiens ont été déterminées et les isolats résistants aux bêta-lactamines ont été vérifiés pour la production de bêta-lactamases à large spectre. Fait inattendu, les isolats étaient sensibles et 79,6 % étaient sensibles à tous les médicaments testés et aucune bêta-lactamase à large spectre prolongé n'a été identifiée. Nos résultats indiquent que le traitement empirique des infections des voies urinaires canines avec des médicaments de première ligne, comme amoxicilline ou triméthoprime + sulfaméthoxazole, se traduira probablement par un succès du traitement.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Infecções Urinárias/veterinária , beta-Lactamases/metabolismo , Animais , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Saskatchewan/epidemiologia , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologia , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia
4.
Front Microbiol ; 13: 841516, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35783405

RESUMO

The global poultry industry has grown to the extent that the number of chickens now well exceeds the number of humans on Earth. Escherichia coli infections in poultry cause significant morbidity and economic losses for producers each year. We obtained 94 E. coli isolates from 12 colibacillosis outbreaks on Saskatchewan farms and screened them for antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. Fifty-six isolates were from broilers with confirmed colibacillosis, and 38 isolates were from healthy broilers in the same flocks (cecal E. coli). Resistance to penicillins, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides was common in isolates from all 12 outbreaks, while cephalosporin resistance varied by outbreak. Most E. coli were able to form biofilms in at least one of three growth media (1/2 TSB, M63, and BHI broth). There was an overall trend that disease-causing E. coli had more antibiotic resistance and were more likely to form biofilms in nutrient-rich media (BHI) as compared to cecal strains. However, on an individual strain basis, there was no correlation between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. The 21 strongest biofilm forming strains consisted of both disease-causing and cecal isolates that were either drug resistant or susceptible. Draft whole genome sequencing indicated that many known antimicrobial resistance genes were present on plasmids, with disease-causing E. coli having more plasmids on average than their cecal counterparts. We tested four common disinfectants for their ability to kill 12 of the best biofilm forming strains. All disinfectants killed single cells effectively, but biofilm cells were more resistant, although the difference was less pronounced for the disinfectants that have multiple modes of action. Our results indicate that there is significant diversity and complexity in E. coli poultry isolates, with different lifestyle pressures affecting disease-causing and cecal isolates.

5.
J Vet Intern Med ; 35(3): 1389-1396, 2021 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33751667

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in dogs and can be caused by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (E coli). OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among E coli causing UTIs in dogs in Western Canada during a 4-year surveillance period. ANIMALS: Urine from 516 dogs. METHODS: From November 2014 to 2018, 516 nonduplicate E coli isolates from the urine of dogs were collected from a diagnostic laboratory. Susceptibility testing was determined for a panel of 14 antimicrobials belonging to 7 drug classes. Resistant isolates were screened for the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC ß-lactamases, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. Epidemiological relationships were assessed by MLST. RESULTS: 80.2% (414/516) of isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. There was no significant increase in the proportion of isolates resistant to any of the tested antimicrobials during the study period. Resistance to ampicillin was the most common (14.9%, 77/516). Overall, 12 isolates had blaCMY-2 -type AmpC ß-lactamases, and 7 produced CTX-M-type ESBLs. A single isolate had the aac(6')-Ib-cr PMQR gene. The qnr and qepA determinants were not detected. A single isolate belonging to the pandemic lineage ST131 was identified. CONCLUSION: Escherichia coli isolated from the urine of dogs in our region remain susceptible to first-line therapies, though resistance, particularly to the aminopenicillins, warrants monitoring. This is the first description of E coli ST131 from a companion animal in Canada.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Infecções por Escherichia coli , Infecções Urinárias , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Escherichia coli/genética , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/veterinária , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus/veterinária , Plasmídeos , Saskatchewan/epidemiologia , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologia , Infecções Urinárias/veterinária
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