RESUMO
Introducción: Actualmente, la población en México atraviesa por problemas de salud y nutrición a consecuencia de la transición en la alimentación. La Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (ENSANUT 2018) reportó una prevalencia de 75.2% combinada de sobrepeso y obesidad, así como altas prevalencias de enfermedades asociadas, sin embargo, no existen reportes de comunidades rurales específicas, así como de un análisis sobre la calidad de la dieta e ingesta demicro y macronutrimentos. Objetivos: Realizar un diagnóstico del estado de nutrición y calidad de la dieta en habitantes de las comunidades rurales Santiago Coltzingo y San Miguel Tianguistenco, Puebla, México. Métodos: Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas, así como parámetros bioquímicos y presión arterial. Por medio dela historia clínico-nutriológica y recordatorio de 24 horas, se evaluó la ingesta energética de macronutrimentos y micronutrimentos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 72 personas con edad de46.58±14.73 años. En base al IMC, el 90.3% de los voluntarios presentaron sobrepeso y obesidad. En hombres y mujeres, la media de índice cintura-cadera (0.96, 0.92) y circunferencia cintura (99.3 cm, 97.8 cm) mostraron alto riesgo cardiovascular, respectivamente. La hipertrigliceridemia (72.2%)fue la más frecuente en ambos sexos, seguido de la hiper-glucemia (58.3%) y la hipercolesterolemia (38.9%). El 15.3%presentó hipertensión. Existe un exceso en el consumo de energía, grasas y colesterol, así como baja ingesta de fibra, vitaminas B6, B9, calcio, potasio, selenio y zinc. Hay un bajo consumo de alimentos recomendables y un alto consumo de alimentos no recomendables. (AU)
Introduction: At present, there are healthy and nutritional problems in the Mexican population, derived from a transition of food patterns. The National Survey on Health and Nutrition (ENSANUT 2018) reported 75.2% of obesity and overweight prevalence, as well as a high prevalence of associated diseases. However, there are no reports about the situation in specific rural communities, including studies on diet quality and the intake of micro and macronutrients. Objectives: To perform a diagnosis of the nutritional status and diet quality, in inhabitants of rural communities Santiago Coltzingo and San Miguel Tianguistenco, Puebla, Mexico. Methods: Anthropometric measurements were recorded, as well as biochemical parameters and blood pressure. Energy intake of macronutrients and micronutrients was assessed through the clinical-nutritional history and a 24-hour reminder. Results: We evaluated 72 participant adults, 46.58 ±14.73 years old. On the basis of the body mass index (BMI), 90.3% of volunteers were overweight and obese. The mean waist/hip index (WHI: 0.96, 0.92) and mean waist circumferences (99.3 cm, 97.8 cm) indicated a higher cardiovascular risk of males and females, respectively. Hypertriglyceridemia (72.2%) was the most frequent in men and women, followed by hyperglycemia (58.3%) and hypercholesterolemia (38.9%). A proportion of participants (15.3%) had hypertension. Excesses in the consumption of energy, fat and cholesterol were recorded, as well as a low intake of fiber, vitamins B6, B9, calcium, potassium, selenium, and zinc. There was alow consumption of recommended food and a high consumption of non-recommended food. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of overweight, obesity and cardiovascular risk in rural communities of Santiago Coltzingo and San Miguel Tianguistenco. Diet quality was not adequate, and the consumption of traditional foods has decreased. Public strategies are needed for improving nutrition in rural areas of Mexico. (AU)