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BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystemic rheumatic disease with different clinical features. Disturbance in apoptosis regulation seems to be a major factor in SLE development. OBJECTIVE: Survivin plays a key role in mitosis and inhibiting apoptosis. A study was conducted to examine the expression level of survivin and miRNAs that affect survivin transcript levels in patients with SLE. METHODS: We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 50 inactive SLE patients and 50 healthy controls. RNA is extracted and converted to cDNA. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction is conducted to assess the expression levels of survivin total and its variants with effective miRNAs in PBMCs. RESULTS: Expression levels of miR-34a-5p (fold change = 1.5, p++ = 0.027), and 218-5p (fold change = 1.5, p++ = 0.020) were significantly increased. While miR-150-5p (fold change = 0.56, p++ = 0.003) was significantly decreased. The mRNA expression of survivin-WT (fold change = 0.63, p++ = 0.002) was significantly downregulated in SLE patients compared to the healthy controls. Survivin total and its two major variants (survivin-2B, and survivin-ΔEx3) did not differ significantly between SLE patients and controls. CONCLUSION: Although survivin-TS and its two variants (survivin-2B, and survivin-ΔEx3) were not differently expressed in SLE patients, survivin-WT had altered expression. Despite aberrant miRNA expression in PBMCs from SLE patients, survivin and miRNA expression were not associated with leukopenia. The pathogenesis of SLE disorder might be linked to survivin's other roles in the immune system aside from anti-apoptotic functions.
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Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered as a subset of mononuclear phagocytes that composed of multiple subsets with distinct phenotypic features. DCs play crucial roles in the initiation and modulation of immune responses to both allo- and auto-antigens during pathogenic settings, encompassing infectious diseases, cancer, autoimmunity, transplantation, as well as vaccination. DCs play a role in preventing autoimmunity via inducing tolerance to self-antigens. This review focus on the most common subsets of DCs in human. Owing to the low frequencies of DC cells in blood and tissues and also the lack of specific DC markers, studies of DCs have been greatly hindered. Human DCs arise by a dedicated pathway of lympho-myeloid hematopoiesis and give rise into specialized subtypes under the influence of transcription factors that are specific for each linage. In humans, the classification of DCs has been generally separated into the blood and cutaneous subsets, mainly because these parts are more comfortable to examine in humans.
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Células Dendríticas/classificação , Autoimunidade , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Tolerância ImunológicaRESUMO
Objective: Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (PSLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder of unknown origin. PTPN22 gene polymorphisms have been associated with SLE in different populations. We investigated the associations of the rs2476601, rs1217414, rs33996649, rs1276457, and rs1310182 SNPs in the PTPN22 gene with PSLE. Materials and methods: 55 PSLE patients and 93 healthy controls were recruited. SNPs were genotyped by the real-time PCR allelic discrimination method. Results: We found that the PTPN22 polymorphisms rs1310182 A allele (p = 0.01, OR = 1.92 95% CI = 1.16-3.18), and rs1310182 AA genotype with (p < 0.001) and rs12760457 TT (p = 0.046) were associated with PSLE. No significant associations were found between other SNPs and PSLE. Conclusions: The PTPN22 rs1310182 A allele and rs1310182 AA genotype were associated with PSLE and may be a possible genetic marker for susceptibility to PSLE. However, further investigation would be required to elucidate the mechanistic role of this association.
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Predisposição Genética para Doença , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 22/genética , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Genótipo , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mostly comprised of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is a condition arising from the combined effects of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. IBD is associated with inflammation and altered cytokine profile. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at assessing the association between T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine polymorphisms (interferon gamma [IFN-γ] +874 A/T, interleukin-12 [IL-12] -1188 A/C, IL-2 -330 G/T, IL-2 +166 G/T) and susceptibility to and clinical features of IBD. METHODS: The study population was composed of 75 IBD patients (40 CD patients and 35 UC patients) and 140 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. RESULTS: The A allele of IFN-γ +874 polymorphism was overrepresented in the whole population of patients with IBD (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.08-2.47; p = 0.020) and as well in the subpopulation of patients with CD (OR 2.14; 95% CI 1.26-3.63; p = 0.004), but not in UC. Multiple pairwise comparisons indicated that genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL-2 and IFN-γ genes are correlated with IBD, CD, and UC, while neither allele nor genotype frequency of th1 IL-12 -1188 polymorphism was associated with IBD, CD, or UC. Haplotype analysis also revealed that the presence of IL-2 -330/+166 TG haplotype versus the remaining haplotypes (GG, TT, and GT) is a protective factor against IBD (OR 0.62; p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: The present study reports (for the first time) significant associations between SNPs within the IFN-γ and IL-2 genes and IBD.
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Colite Ulcerativa/genética , Doença de Crohn/genética , Citocinas/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Células Th1/metabolismo , Adulto , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença de Crohn/imunologia , Feminino , Frequência do Gene/genética , Estudos de Associação Genética , Haplótipos/genética , Humanos , Interleucina-2/genética , Masculino , Modelos GenéticosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Changes in cytokine expression have been frequently found in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Cytokine values outside the normal range may be somewhat related to common polymorphisms within cytokine genes. OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to investigate the possible association between polymorphisms within Interleukin IL-4 and IL-10 genes and susceptibility to and clinical features of IBD. METHODS: The study population was composed of 140 healthy controls and 75 patients with IBD (40 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 35 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC)). Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. RESULTS: Higher frequencies for the C allele of IL-4-590 polymorphism (P < 0.0001; odds ratio [OR], 5.68; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.28-9.83) and for the T allele of IL-4-1098 polymorphism (P = 0.016; OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.11-3.02) were observed in the whole group of IBD patients. The IL-4-590 C allele was also significantly overrepresented when IBD patients were subdivided into CD and UC (P < 0.0001; OR, 5.2-6.28). While the IL-4-1098 T allele was present at higher frequencies in patients with UC (P = 0.05; OR, 1.95), but not in CD (P = 0.09). Multiple pairwise comparisons indicated that genotypes of all polymorphisms investigated within IL-4 gene are correlated with IBD, CD, and UC. Haplotype analysis showed that the IL-4-1098/-590 TC haplotype might predispose individuals to IBD, CD, and UC whereas the IL-4-1098/-590 TT and GC haplotypes have a protective effect. On the contrary, neither allele nor genotype frequencies of IL-10 polymorphisms (IL-10-1082 A > G, IL-10-592 A > C, and IL-10-819 T > C) were associated with IBD, CD, or UC. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that IL-4 polymorphisms might play a role in susceptibility to IBD and its major subtypes in the Iranian population.
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Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/genética , Interleucina-10/genética , Interleucina-4/genética , Adulto , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: PTPN22 plays a crucial role in regulating the function of various cells of the immune system, particularly T cells. Polymorphisms of the PTPN22 gene have been associated with many autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D) which is a T-cell-mediated disease. OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at genotyping of an Iranian population for five polymorphisms of the PTPN22 gene. METHODS: The study population consisted of 99 T1D patients and 100 healthy controls. We genotyped five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs12760457, rs1310182, rs1217414, rs33996649, and rs2476601) of the PTPN22 gene. RESULTS: Regarding the variant rs2476601, genotypes AG and GG were increased and decreased in T1D patients compared with controls, respectively. Further, alleles G and A of this SNP were found to be decreased and increased in T1D patients, respectively (p value = 0.001). However, T1D and control groups did not differ on genotype distribution or allele frequency for other investigated SNPs. CONCLUSIONS: The PTPN22 rs2476601 minor allele (A) was associated with T1D in Iran, accounting for its pathophysiology in autoimmune diseases.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 22/genética , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Irã (Geográfico) , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), the most common cause of chronic arthritis in children, is a complex immune-mediated disease with considerable long-term morbidity and mortality. According to previous studies, PTPN22 gene has been associated with JIA in several populations. In the present study, we attempted to determine the association of PTPN22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to JIA in Iranian population. Using the Real-time PCR allelic discrimination method, samples consisting of 55 unrelated patients and 93 healthy controls were genotyped. Using Fisher exact test or Chi-square test, genotypic and allelic frequencies were estimated. The results of our study indicated a significantly decreased association of rs1310182 (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.36 -0.97, p = 0.037) with JIA. This association may indicate a protective role for rs1310182 SNP against JIA. More research would be needed to elucidate the mechanistic role of this association.
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Artrite Juvenil/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 22/genética , Adolescente , Alelos , Artrite Juvenil/etnologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common disorder with an unclear etiopathogenesis. Involvement of the immune system in the development of this condition is strongly suggested. As the variations in the inflammasome-related NLRP3 gene have been suggested to affect immune system activity, this case-control study was performed to determine whether these genetic variants are associated with RAS. METHODS: We studied a group of 69 Iranian patients with RAS in comparison with 56 healthy controls. We determined four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NLRP3 and performed association analyses of NLRP3. Genotyping was conducted using the TaqMan method. RESULTS: The NLRP3 rs3806265 T allele was significantly more frequent in the patients with RAS than in the healthy controls (P = 0.003). While a significant negative association was found between the C allele at the same position with RAS (P = 0.003), the TT genotype was significantly more frequent at position rs3806265 in NLRP3 in patient group than in the controls (P = 0.002). However, the frequency of CT genotype at the same position was significantly higher in healthy controls than in the case category (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the high frequency of the presence of NLRP3 rs3806265 TT genotype in patients with RAS, it seems that this gene polymorphism could affect individual susceptibility to RAS.
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Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/genética , Estomatite Aftosa/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Interleukin (IL)-1 family members play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There are conflicting results regarding the association of IL-1 gene cluster single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with IBD and its clinical features. The aim of this study was to examine IL-1α -889 C/T, IL-1ß -511 C/T, IL-1ß +3962 C/T, IL-1R Pst-I1970 C/T, and IL-1RA Mspa-I11100 C/T SNPs in Iranian patients. METHODS: In this study, SNPs of IL-1 family members were investigated in 75 patients with IBD (40 CD and 35 UC), using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers method. RESULTS: IL-1ß -511 CC genotype was significantly less present in UC compared to controls, while IL-1RA Mspa-I11100 CC was significantly associated with both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IL-1α -889 TT genotype was more frequently associated with extraintestinal manifestations. A significant association was observed between IL-1ß +3962 TT genotype and the disease activity in IBD. IL-1RA Mspa-I11100 CC was significantly less frequent in CD patients who need immunosuppressive therapy. IL-1RA Mspa-I11100 CT was associated with earlier age of onset in IBD, while TT genotype was associated with higher age of onset in IBD. CONCLUSIONS: IL-1 SNPs seem to be associated with IBD and could affect the disease severity as well.
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Colite Ulcerativa/genética , Doença de Crohn/genética , Proteína Antagonista do Receptor de Interleucina 1/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adulto , Idade de Início , Colite Ulcerativa/diagnóstico , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Colite Ulcerativa/epidemiologia , Colite Ulcerativa/imunologia , Doença de Crohn/diagnóstico , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Crohn/epidemiologia , Doença de Crohn/imunologia , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Interleucina-1alfa/genética , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Fenótipo , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease that predominantly affects young males. AS is a condition in which the spine and sacroiliac joints become inflamed. More specifically, most AS patients experience spine malformations over time, resulting in functional incapability. The etiopathogenesis of AS is a complex combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Extensive studies on AS have revealed the central role of genetics and immune reactions in its etiology. However, an utmost agreement has yet to be created. The available evidence suggests that both autoinflammation and T-cell-mediated autoimmune processes have significant roles in the disease process of AS. So far, B cells have obtained moderately little attention in AS pathogenesis, primarily because of the absence of disease-defining autoantibodies. However, against general dogma, evidence is mounting showing B cell involvement. Disruptions depict this in circulating B cell populations, the increased expression of immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, and IgM, and B cell infiltration within the axial skeleton of AS patients. Meanwhile, compared to many other inflammatory autoimmune disorders, AS has no disease-specific autoantibodies that help disease diagnosis. This study has provided an overview of the B lymphocytes and antibodies' role in AS pathogenesis. It also introduces autoantibodies that can be the prognosis and diagnosis biomarkers of AS.
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Espondilite Anquilosante , Masculino , Humanos , Espondilite Anquilosante/diagnóstico , Autoanticorpos , Coluna Vertebral , Prognóstico , Linfócitos TRESUMO
Background: This study aimed to compare the apical transportation and centering ability of One Curve, HyFlex EDM, and EdgeFile X1 in curved mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals of mandibular first molars. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 60 mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals of the mandibular first molars with a minimum length of 19 mm and 25°-40° curvature were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20) for root canal preparation with One Curve, HyFlex EDM, and EdgeFile X1. After access cavity preparation and confirming the glide path, the baseline micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans were obtained, and the root canals were instrumented with the respective systems according to the manufacturers' instructions. Apical transportation and centering ability were assessed at 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm from the apex by comparing pre- and postinstrumentation micro-CT scans. One-way ANOVA, independent t-test, and Duncan's post hoc test were used to statistically compare the groups, and data were analyzed by SPSS version 24 (alpha = 0.05). Results: The three groups were not significantly different regarding apical transportation at 5 and 7 mm from the apex (P > 0.05). At 1 mm level, One Curve caused significantly lower apical transportation; while, at 3 mm level, HyFlex EDM resulted in significantly higher apical transportation (P < 0.05). No significant difference was noted in the centering ability of the three groups at 1, 3, and 5 mm from the apex (P > 0.05). At 7 mm level, EdgeFile X1 showed significantly lower centering ability (P < 0.05). Conclusion: One Curve caused lower canal transportation in the apical third compared with EdgeFile and HyFlex EDM, but no significant difference was noted among the three in the coronal third of the roots.
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P53 tumor suppressor is a major regulator of various cellular processes and functions. It has been reported that mutation or inactivation of p53 plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis in different types of cancers. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded non-coding RNAs that have significant post-transcriptional effects on the regulation of gene expression in various ways. These molecules can alter the expression and function of multiple genes and proteins. In the present study, we aimed to review circRNAs that regulate the expression, function, and stability of p53 and the possible interactions between these molecules and p53. Considering the importance of p53 in cancer and the network between p53 and circRNAs, future clinical trials targeting these circRNAs as therapeutic agents deserve worthy of attention.
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Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias , RNA Circular , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53 , Humanos , RNA Circular/genética , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/patologia , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disabling disease with the underlying pathophysiology of auto-antibodies attacking the postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors of neuromuscular junctions causing muscle weakness. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that play an important regulative role in immune responses. The human killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) family is one of the receptors on NK cells that can either activate or inhibit NK cells. This study aimed to assess the possible role of KIR and their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligand genes susceptibility to MG in Iranian patients. METHOD: One hundred and sixty-three patients with MG diagnosis based on the presence of clinical symptoms and laboratory tests and 400 healthy volunteers were studied. We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for genotyping 15 KIRs and 5 HLA genes. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the frequency of KIR genes and inhibitory KIR genotypes between controls and patients. In MG patients, HLA-C1Asn80 was significantly less frequent than in matched controls. The frequency of HLA genotype number 7 was significantly lower in MG cases, compared to the controls. Analysis of activating KIR genotypes showed that genotype number 10 was significantly less frequent in MG cases than in matched controls. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the presence HLA-C1Asn80 might play a protective role against the pathogenesis of MG. The significantly decreased prevalence of one activating KIR genotype and one of the HLA genotypes in MG cases suggest that these genotypes can reduce the risk of MG development. To specifically reveal the impact of KIR and HLA in MG, more studies are required.
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Miastenia Gravis , Receptores KIR , Humanos , Genótipo , Imunoglobulinas/genética , Irã (Geográfico) , Ligantes , Miastenia Gravis/genética , Receptores KIR/genética , Antígenos HLA/genética , População do Oriente Médio/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Through investigating genetic variations, it has been demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-23 receptor (IL23R) gene have a critical role in the pathophysiology of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Here, we investigated whether the IL23R variant (rs1884444) is associated with AS in the Iranian population. METHODS AND MATERIAL: In this research, we analyzed rs1884444 in a group of 425 patients with AS and 400 matched controls. For DNA extraction, the phenol/chloroform technique was utilized. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from the whole blood of 39 patients and 43 healthy controls and total RNA was extracted. Genotyping was performed by amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR method. Afterward, the expression level of IL23R was analyzed by the real-time quantitative (Q)-PCR method. RESULTS: We observed no significant association between the distribution of alleles and genotypes of rs1884444 and susceptibility to AS. In addition, the expression level of IL23R did not differ between PBMCs from AS patients compared to the control group (P = 0.167). Furthermore, the relative expression level of IL23R was positively correlated with the BASDAI (P < 0.01) and BASFI (P < 0.05) scores of the patients. CONCLUSION: It appears that IL23R polymorphism (rs1884444) and the level of gene expression might not contribute to the susceptibility to AS in the Iranian population. The correlation of IL23R expression with the level of BASDAI and BASFI scores in patients may be due to the role of the IL-23/IL-23R signaling cascade in inflammation and exert a critical role in the development of AS.
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BACKGROUND: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are involved in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis through pro-inflammatory cytokine production. TAK-242, a TLR4 blocker, has been found to have a significant impact on the gene expression profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL1-ß, IL-6, TNF-α, and TLR4, as well as the phosphorylation of Ikßα, a regulator of the NF-κB signaling pathway, in OA-FLSs. This study aims to investigate this effect because TLR4 plays a crucial role in inflammatory responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten OA patients' synovial tissues were acquired, and isolated FLSs were cultured in DMEM in order to assess the effectiveness of TAK-242. The treated FLSs with TAK-242 and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were analyzed for the mRNA expression level of IL1-ß, IL-6, TNF-α, and TLR4 levels by Real-Time PCR. Besides, we used western blot to assess the protein levels of Ikßα and pIkßα. RESULTS: The results represented that TAK-242 effectively suppressed the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines IL1-ß, IL-6, TNF-α, and TLR4 which were overexpressed upon LPS treatment. Additionally, TAK-242 inhibited the phosphorylation of Ikßα which was increased by LPS treatment. CONCLUSION: According to our results, TAK-242 shows promising inhibitory effects on TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses in OA-FLSs by targeting the NF-κB pathway. TLR4 inhibitors, such as TAK-242, may be useful therapeutic agents to reduce inflammation and its associated complications in OA patients, since traditional and biological treatments may not be adequate for all of them.
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Citocinas , Interleucina-1beta , Interleucina-6 , Lipopolissacarídeos , NF-kappa B , Transdução de Sinais , Sulfonamidas , Sinoviócitos , Receptor 4 Toll-Like , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Humanos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinoviócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinoviócitos/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoartrite/metabolismo , Osteoartrite/tratamento farmacológico , Células Cultivadas , Fosforilação , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Background: This study investigated the number of bacterial colonies in four types of suture threads, including silk, nylon, monocryl, and monocryl plus after periodontal surgery in patients with moderate-to-severe periodontitis. Materials and Methods: In this single-blind randomized clinical trial, a total of 12 patients with periodontitis who required periodontal flap surgery in all quadrants were included. One type of suture, either silk, nylon, monocryl, or monocryl plus (coated with triclosan), was used following each surgery in each quadrant. Sutures (3 mm) were removed from the mid, posterior, and anterior regions of the flap 7 days postoperatively, and placed in a tube-containing buffer medium to transfer to the culture medium in a laboratory. Then, the bacterial colonies on each culture medium were counted manually. Finally, the mean number of grown colonies (anaerobic and aerobic) was computed and compared in each group of sutures. Data were analyzed by SPSS (Version 20) using the repeated measures ANOVA and least significant difference follow-up tests (α = 0.05). Results: The findings of this study indicated a significantly higher mean number of aerobic, anaerobic, and aerobic-anaerobic colonies in silk suture than in the other three types of sutures (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed among other types of sutures (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that silk suture had a higher bacterial adhesion (aerobic, anaerobic, and aerobic-anaerobic) than monofilament sutures, including nylon, monocryl, and monocryl plus. Moreover, no significant difference was found among the monofilament sutures in the number of colonies grown on them.
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BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition that causes progressive inflammation. It seems that alternations in epigenetic modifications contribute to RA development. The present study aimed to assess the expression pattern of K (lysine) acetyltransferase 1 (KAT1; HAT1) and lysine acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B; PCAF), and the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion N-acetyltransferase 2 (ESCO2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from RA patients. METHOD AND MATERIAL: In this case-control study, we studied 50 cases with RA in comparison to 50 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. Separation of PBMCs samples from whole blood, extraction of RNA, and reverse transcription were performed. Gene transcript levels of KAT1, KAT2B, and ESCO2 were determined using SYBR green real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Our results exhibited a significant upregulation in the expression levels of ESCO2 and KAT2B genes in patients with RA compared to normal individuals (P-value < 0.0001). Similarly, we observed higher expression of KAT1 in the patients' group when compared to the healthy controls, although the difference in expression level failed to show any significant changes (P-value = 0.485). Also, we found a positive correlation between ESCO2 and the level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in patients. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our results suggest that upregulated expression of KAT2B and ESCO2 genes may be correlated to RA development. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required for understanding the potential contribution of these enzymes in the pathology of RA. Key Points ⢠Dysregulated expression level of epigenetics enzymes was observed in PBMCs from RA patients. ⢠The expression of KAT2B was 2.44 times higher in the PBMCs of RA patients than in the healthy subjects. ⢠The expression of ESCO2 was upregulated (2.75 times) in the PBMCs of RA patients compared to the control group. ⢠There was a positive correlation between ESCO2 expression and the ESR level in patients.
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Artrite Reumatoide , Leucócitos Mononucleares , Humanos , Regulação para Cima , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Acetiltransferases/genética , Acetiltransferases/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/genética , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição de p300-CBP/genética , Fatores de Transcrição de p300-CBP/metabolismoRESUMO
The present study aimed to translate and validate the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ) for Persian-speaking patients (SHAQ-P), using a cross-sectional study. This cross-sectional study included SSc patients with 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria. The SHAQ was translated using a "forward-backward" method. HAQ-DI and SSc-HAQ scores were calculated from the patient-answered questionnaires. Rheumatology experts assessed the face and content validities of the SHAQ-P. Psychometric properties of the SHAQ-P were then assessed: Structural validity was analyzed using principal component factor analysis. Discriminant and convergent validities were measured on subgroups of the initial patient population. Test-retest reliability was measured on patients who filled the SHAQ-P again after 1 month. The Scale-CVI-average (S-CVI/Ave) score for content validity was 88.7%. Face validity was measured to be 68.17% using the QQ10 questionnaire. Factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure with 20 out of 26 questions loading on the first factor (N = 285). One-way ANOVA showed that patients with a higher number of involved organs had higher average HAQ-DI and SSc-HAQ-scores (N = 60, P = 0.019 and 0.023, respectively). HAQ-DI and SSc-HAQ-scores were significantly correlated with the physical component score of SF36 (N = 31, correlation coefficient = - 0.65 and - 0.72, respectively). Reliability testing after one month demonstrated that HAQ-DI and SSc-HAQ-scores were significantly correlated with their initial (N = 40, correlation coefficient = 0.86 and 0.84, respectively), proving that the Persian SHAQ was a valid and reliable questionnaire to evaluate scleroderma patients' quality of life.
Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Escleroderma Sistêmico , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Transversais , Avaliação da Deficiência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Escleroderma Sistêmico/diagnósticoRESUMO
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer a promising therapeutic method for cardiac tissue regeneration. However, to monitor the fate of MSCs for tissue repair, a better stem cell delivery carrier is needed. Developing a unique injectable and shear-thinning dual cross-linked hybrid hydrogel for MSC delivery for cardiac tissue engineering is highly desirable. This hydrogel was synthesised using guest: host reaction based on alginate-cyclodextrin (Alg-CD) and adamantane-graphene oxide (Ad-GO). Here, the role of macromere concentration (10 and 12%) on the MSC function is discussed. Our hybrid hydrogels reveal a suitable oxygen pathway required for cell survival. However, this value is strongly dependent on the macromere concentrations, while the hydrogels with 12% macromere concentration (2DC12) significantly enhanced the oxygen permeability value (1.16-fold). Moreover, after two weeks of culture, rat MSCs (rMSCs) encapsulated in Alg-GO hydrogels expressed troponin T (TNT) and GATA4 markers. Noticeably, the 2DC12 hydrogels enhance rMSCs differentiation markers (1.30-times for TNT and 1.21-times for GATA4). Overall, our findings indicate that tuning the hydrogel compositions regulates the fate of encapsulated rMSCs within hydrogels. These outcomes may promote the advancement of new multifunctional platforms that consider the spatial and transient guidelines of undifferentiated cell destiny and capacity even after transplantation for heart tissue regeneration.
RESUMO
Background: Avulsion is among the most severe types of dental trauma, which often occurs at young ages and can compromise the long-term prognosis of the traumatized tooth. Case Report. Herein, we report replantation of two avulsed teeth. Our patient was an 11-year-old boy with two avulsed maxillary central incisors due to a bicycle fall 2 months earlier. The patient was referred to us after rigid splinting of his teeth by a surgeon. Long-term calcium hydroxide (CH) therapy was performed for the patient, and after healing of periodontal ligament (PDL), apexification was performed for both teeth followed by root canal therapy. During the 2-year follow-up, both teeth were functional and had no radiographic or clinical evidence of resorption or ankylosis. Conclusion: The reported case highlights the favorably high tissue healing potential following severe dental trauma, given that appropriate treatment is performed. Correct endodontic management can guarantee the long-term prognosis of teeth following severe dental trauma.