Rapid in situ growth of oriented titanium-nickel oxide composite nanotubes arrays coated on a nitinol wire as a solid-phase microextraction fiber coupled to HPLC-UV.

An oriented titanium-nickel oxide composite nanotubes coating was in situ grown on a nitinol wire by direct electrochemical anodization in ethylene glycol with ammonium fluoride and water for the first time. The morphology and composition of the resulting coating showed that the anodized nitinol wire provided a titania-rich coating. The titanium-nickel oxide composite nanotubes coated fiber was used for solid-phase microextraction of different aromatic compounds coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The titanium-nickel oxide composite nanotubes coating exhibited high extraction capability, good selectivity, and rapid mass transfer for weakly polar UV filters. Thereafter the important parameters affecting extraction efficiency were investigated for solid-phase microextraction of UV filters. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.1-300 µg/L for target UV filters with limits of detection of 0.019-0.082 µg/L. The intraday and interday precision of the proposed method with the single fiber were 5.3-7.2 and 5.9-7.9%, respectively, and the fiber-to-fiber reproducibility ranged from 6.3 to 8.9% for four fibers fabricated in different batches. Finally, its applicability was evaluated by the extraction and determination of target UV filters in environmental water samples.

The relationship between rural information consumption and regional economic development with spatial Durbin model-A case study of Zhejiang, China.

Information consumption is a kind of economic activity that directly or indirectly takes information products and information services as consumption objects. Most of the existing studies have established the "formula" of rural information consumption in promoting economic and social development, while few efforts have been devoted to study the quantitative reciprocities between them. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between information consumption in rural areas and regional economic development with a case study of Zhejiang, China. Based on rural information consumption-related indexes, basic geographic data, and other publicly available regional economic development related data, we conduct the exploration with the spatial Durbin model (SDM). The study indicates that (1) from the perspective of spatial analysis, the economic development level of all prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang, China has a significant positive spatial correlation; (2) in rural areas, the network infrastructure improvement, information industry clustering, etc. can accelerate enhancing information consumption and promote regional economic development; and (3) facilitate the development of rural information consumption is conducive to alleviate the imbalance of regional economic development. It is hoped that our study can help understand the current situation of information consumption in rural China and provide a theoretical reference for rural economic and social development.

Ethyl 4-amino-3-methyl-benzoate.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(10)H(13)NO(2), contains two mol-ecules which are linked via an N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds to form a dimer. These dimers are further linked via N-H⋯O inter-molecular hydrogen bonds.

Hydrothermally grown and self-assembled modified titanium and nickel oxide composite nanosheets on Nitinol-based fibers for efficient solid phase microextraction.

A novel titanium and nickel oxide composite nanosheets (TiO2/NiOCNSs) coating was in situ grown on a Nitinol (NiTi) wire by direct hydrothermal treatment and modified by self-assembly of trichlorophenylsilane for solid phase microextraction (SPME). TiO2/NiOCNSs were radially oriented and chemically bonded to the NiTi substrate with double-faced open access sites. Moreover the phenyl modified TiO2/NiOCNSs (TiO2/NiOCNSs-Ph) coating exhibited original surface supporting framework favorable for effective SPME. The extraction performance of TiO2/NiOCNSs-Ph coated NiTi (NiTi-TiO2/NiOCNSs-Ph) fiber was investigated for the concentration and detection of ultraviolet (UV) filters, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalate acid esters and polychlorinated biphenyls coupled to HPLC with UV detection. The novel fiber exhibited better selectivity for UV filters and PAHs and presented greater extraction capability compared to commercial polydimethylsiloxane and polyacrylate fibers. Under the optimized conditions for SPME of UV filters, the proposed method presented linear ranges from 0.1 to 300µg/L with correlation coefficients of higher than 0.999 and limits of detection from 0.030µg/L to 0.064µg/L. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) were below 7.16% and 8.42% for intra-day and inter-day measurements with the single fiber, respectively. Furthermore RSDs for fiber-to-fiber reproducibility from 6.57% to 8.93% were achieved. The NiTi-TiO2/NiOCNSs-Ph fiber can be used up to 200 times. The proposed method was successfully applied to the preconcentration and determination of trace target UV filters in different environmental water samples. The relative recoveries from 87.3% to 104% were obtained with RSDs less than 8.7%.

Phenyl-functionalization of titanium dioxide-nanosheets coating fabricated on a titanium wire for selective solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environment water samples.

A novel titanium dioxide-nanosheets coating on a titanium wire (TiO2NS-Ti) was in situ fabricated by one-step electrochemical anodization in ethylene glycol with ammonium fluoride and followed by phenyl-functionalization for selective solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The fabricated TiO2NS coating exhibits higher specific surface area and more active sites, it also provides an ideal nanostructure and a robust substrate for subsequent surface modification. These characteristics were useful for efficient extraction. The SPME performance of phenyl-functionalized TiO2NS-Ti (ph-TiO2NS-Ti) fiber was evaluated by using ultraviolet filters, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as model compounds coupled to high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). It was found that the ph-TiO2NS-Ti fiber exhibited high extraction capability, good selectivity and rapid mass transfer for PAHs. The main parameters affecting extraction performance were investigated and optimized. Under optimized conditions, the proposed fiber showed good extraction efficiency comparable to those of commercial polydimethylsiloxane and polyacrylate fibers toward PAHs. The calibration graphs were linear over the range of 0.05-300 µg L(-1). The limits of detection of the proposed method were 0.008-0.043 µg L(-1) (S/N=3). Single fiber repeatability varied from 3.51% to 5.23% and fiber-to-fiber reproducibility ranged from 4.43% to 7.65% for the extraction of water spiked with 25 µg L(-1) each analyte (n=5). The established SPME-HPLC-UV method was successfully applied to selective concentration and sensitive determination of target PAHs from real environmental water samples with recoveries from 86.2% to 112% at the spiking level of 10 µg L(-1) and 50 µg L(-1). The relative standard deviations were below 9.45%. Furthermore, the ph-TiO2NS-Ti fiber can be fabricated in a reproducible manner, and has high stability and long service lifetime.

Fabrication and application of zinc-zinc oxide nanosheets coating on an etched stainless steel wire as a selective solid-phase microextraction fiber.

A novel zinc-zinc oxide (Zn-ZnO) nanosheets coating was directly fabricated on an etched stainless steel wire substrate as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber via previous electrodeposition of robust Zn coating. The scanning electron micrograph of the Zn-ZnO nanosheets coated fiber exhibits a flower-like nanostructure with high surface area. The SPME performance of as-fabricated fiber was investigated for the concentration and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates and ultraviolet (UV) filters coupled to high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). It was found that the Zn-ZnO nanosheets coating exhibited high extraction capability, good selectivity and rapid mass transfer for some UV filters. The main parameters affecting extraction performance were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration graphs were linear over the range of 0.1-200µgL(-1). The limits of detection of the proposed method were 0.052-0.084µgL(-1) (S/N=3). The single fiber repeatability varied from 5.18% to 7.56% and the fiber-to-fiber reproducibility ranged from 6.74% to 8.83% for the extraction of spiked water with 50µgL(-1) UV filters (n=5). The established SPME-HPLC-UV method was successfully applied to the selective concentration and sensitive determination of target UV filters from real environmental water samples with recoveries from 85.8% to 105% at the spiking level of 10µgL(-1) and 30µgL(-1). The relative standard deviations were below 9.7%.