Caseous stomatitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Boa constrictor amarali

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium that belongs to the microbiota of snakes, but it may also be anopportunistic pathogen and contaminate humans through fecal contact, bites, and injuries. In snakes, this microorganismmay present high pathogenicity at certain conditions and have been associated with high morbidity and mortality. Reportsof infection of Boa constrictor by this pathogen are rare. Thus, this study aimed to describe the P. aeruginosa oral infection in a snake specimen (Boa constrictor amarali), approaching the isolation and identification of the infectious agentsinvolved, the antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance, and the therapeutic protocol adopted.Case: A free-living adult female specimen of Boa constrictor amarali (Amarals boa), with no described previous history was rescued in an urban area by the Environmental Police. Clinical evaluations showed structures of caseous aspectin the oral cavity, with hyperemia spots in the mucosa. Samples of these lesions were sent for mycological examination,and fungal forms were not found. Samples were collected for isolation and culture. The antimicrobial susceptibility of theisolated microorganisms was determined by the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. P. aeruginosa was isolatedand showed susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin, and polymyxin-B; intermediate susceptibility to azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin; and resistance to cephalexin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, and enrofloxacin. The treatment consisted of cleaningof the oral cavity, local infiltration of lidocaine for debridement of the caseous area that were later cauterized with iodine.Systemic antibiotic therapy was used, with intramuscular administration of amikacin (5 mg/kg) for the first dose and (2.5mg/kg) for the other doses with intervals of 72 h, and oral administration of metronidazole...(AU)

Caseous stomatitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Boa constrictor amarali

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium that belongs to the microbiota of snakes, but it may also be anopportunistic pathogen and contaminate humans through fecal contact, bites, and injuries. In snakes, this microorganismmay present high pathogenicity at certain conditions and have been associated with high morbidity and mortality. Reportsof infection of Boa constrictor by this pathogen are rare. Thus, this study aimed to describe the P. aeruginosa oral infection in a snake specimen (Boa constrictor amarali), approaching the isolation and identification of the infectious agentsinvolved, the antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance, and the therapeutic protocol adopted.Case: A free-living adult female specimen of Boa constrictor amarali (Amaral’s boa), with no described previous history was rescued in an urban area by the Environmental Police. Clinical evaluations showed structures of caseous aspectin the oral cavity, with hyperemia spots in the mucosa. Samples of these lesions were sent for mycological examination,and fungal forms were not found. Samples were collected for isolation and culture. The antimicrobial susceptibility of theisolated microorganisms was determined by the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. P. aeruginosa was isolatedand showed susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin, and polymyxin-B; intermediate susceptibility to azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin; and resistance to cephalexin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, and enrofloxacin. The treatment consisted of cleaningof the oral cavity, local infiltration of lidocaine for debridement of the caseous area that were later cauterized with iodine.Systemic antibiotic therapy was used, with intramuscular administration of amikacin (5 mg/kg) for the first dose and (2.5mg/kg) for the other doses with intervals of 72 h, and oral administration of metronidazole...

Biochemical serum profile of quarter mile equines in team penning training / Caracterização do perfil bioquímico sérico em equinos quarto de milha submetidos ao treinamento para team penning

The objective of this work was to evaluate the proteins, minerals, metabolites, and serum enzymes profile in Quarter Mile equines subjected to training for Team Penning competitions by comparing the results before and after training. The animals were from the Agricultural Exhibition Park of Uberlândia (CAMARU), in Uberlândia in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. These animals perform constant periodic training with an average duration of two and a half hours per training. Blood samples from twenty male and female equines were collected at the beginning and end of a 45-day interval and then analyzed. A 5 mL blood sample from each animal was collected before and after training by a jugular external venipuncture, and the samples were placed in a tube­without anticoagulant and containing separator gel­to obtain the serum. The components analyzed were: total proteins, albumin, globulins, albumin to globulin ratio (A:G), total and ionized calcium, phosphorus, calcium to phosphorus ratio (Ca:P), cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, ɤ-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatine kinase (CK). Statistical differences were observed with higher values after exercise for total calcium, ionized calcium, Ca: P ratio, creatinine and ALT and decreased concentrations were found for globulins, phosphorus, cholesterol and triglycerides. Despite the changes observed in the serum concentrations of some elements after exercises, it was concluded that the animals were in adequate physical condition to perform the proposed physical exercises.

O presente estudo objetivou comparar o perfil de proteínas, metabólitos, minerais e enzimas séricas em equinos Quarto de Milha submetidos a treinamento para provas de Team Penning no Parque de Exposições Agropecuárias de Uberlândia (CAMARU), Uberlândia-MG. Os animais realizavam treinos periódicos e constantes com duração de duas horas e meia em média. Foram analisadas 40 (quarenta) amostras de sangue de 20 (vinte) equinos, machos e fêmeas, coletadas em dois momentos com intervalo de 45 dias. Por meio de venopunção jugular externa, coletou-se 05 (mL) de sangue em tubo sem anticoagulante e contendo gel separador para obtenção de soro, antes e após o treinamento de cada momento. Os constituintes analisados foram proteínas totais, albumina, globulinas, relação albumina globulina (A:G), cálcio total e ionizado, fósforo, relação cálcio fósforo (Ca:P), colesterol, triglicérides, creatinina, ureia, fosfatase alcalina, ɤ-glutamiltransferase (GGT), lactato desidrogenase (LDH), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e creatina quinase (CK). Sendo observado diferenças estatísticas com valores mais elevados após o exercicio para cálcio total, cálcio ionizado, relação Ca:P, creatinina e ALT e concentrações diminuidas para globulinas, fósforo, colesterol e triglicérides. Apesar das alterações observadas nas concentrações séricas de alguns elementos após a prática esportiva, conclui-se que os animais se encontravam em condicionamento físico adequado para realizarem os exercícios físicos propostos.

Green anaconda (Eunectes murinus) with bacterial clinical stomatitis

Background: Stomatitis is an infectious disease common in serpents and responsible for high mortality rates. It is characterized by the infection of the oral mucosa and neighboring tissues, related to the opportunistic character of bacteria presentin the normal microbiota, pathogenic in stressful situations. Few studies have described the profile of sensibility of theseagents in serpents of the Brazilian fauna. Therefore, this study has aimed at describing the isolation and identification ofthe infectious agents involved in the clinic stomatitis in a specimen of green anaconda (Eunectes murinus), and the profileof sensibility and resistance to antimicrobial agents.Case: The serpent has been rescued in an urban environment, without previous records and featured erosive injuries inits oral cavity, with the presence of secretion. In a clinical evaluation, it has been assessed that the specimen had erosiveinjuries in its oral cavity, with hyperemic points in its mucosa and serous secretion. Then the specimen went through acollection of the secretion from its oral cavity for microbiological analysis. Typical colonies of Enterococcus, Citrobacterand Enterobacter were identified by the colony morphology and their typical odor. The results of these tests were able toconfirm and identify the Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter and Enterococcus species. The profile of sensibility to antimicrobials of the isolated microorganisms has been determined through the method of diffusion in the disk of Kirby-Bauer.There was not any sensitive antimicrobial for the three agents. For treatment, based on the antimicrobial profile presented,was used Ciprofloxacin® associated to daily washings with solution of chlorhexidine 0.12% for 10 days. Clinical cure wasobserved at the end of this treatment.Discussion: Despite the high frequency of this disease...

Green anaconda (Eunectes murinus) with bacterial clinical stomatitis

Background: Stomatitis is an infectious disease common in serpents and responsible for high mortality rates. It is characterized by the infection of the oral mucosa and neighboring tissues, related to the opportunistic character of bacteria presentin the normal microbiota, pathogenic in stressful situations. Few studies have described the profile of sensibility of theseagents in serpents of the Brazilian fauna. Therefore, this study has aimed at describing the isolation and identification ofthe infectious agents involved in the clinic stomatitis in a specimen of green anaconda (Eunectes murinus), and the profileof sensibility and resistance to antimicrobial agents.Case: The serpent has been rescued in an urban environment, without previous records and featured erosive injuries inits oral cavity, with the presence of secretion. In a clinical evaluation, it has been assessed that the specimen had erosiveinjuries in its oral cavity, with hyperemic points in its mucosa and serous secretion. Then the specimen went through acollection of the secretion from its oral cavity for microbiological analysis. Typical colonies of Enterococcus, Citrobacterand Enterobacter were identified by the colony morphology and their typical odor. The results of these tests were able toconfirm and identify the Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter and Enterococcus species. The profile of sensibility to antimicrobials of the isolated microorganisms has been determined through the method of diffusion in the disk of Kirby-Bauer.There was not any sensitive antimicrobial for the three agents. For treatment, based on the antimicrobial profile presented,was used Ciprofloxacin® associated to daily washings with solution of chlorhexidine 0.12% for 10 days. Clinical cure wasobserved at the end of this treatment.Discussion: Despite the high frequency of this disease...(AU)

Puma (Puma concolor) predating sheep in Uberlândia, Brazil: physical injuries, stress and myopathy / Predação de ovelhas por onça-parda (Puma concolor) em Uberlândia, Brasil: lesões macroscópicas, estresse e miopatia

Puma (Puma concolor) is in Brazil among the major species involved in human-wildlife conflicts, primarily due to the predation of sheep and goats in farms. A puma might kill from one to several animals in a single predation episode, and free-ranging flocks of goats and sheep are usually affected. These attacks are rarely witnessed and direct observation of predation is rare. We herein report three predation episodes and the cause of death of sheep kept inside paddocks in a farm located besides a major town of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Death of 31 animals was attributed to a puma as determined by circumstantial evidence, necropsy of 16 animals, laboratory findings and direct observation of the predator at the occurrence site. However, death of only eight animals was caused by traumatic injury mainly at the cervical region. The remaining animals lacked lethal traumatic injuries and post mortem examination indicated circulatory collapse (congestion of internal organs). Two surviving animals had a great increase in creatinine phosphokinase blood levels and thus death of remaining animals was attributed to stress and myopathy caused by fear and chasing of sheep trapped inside paddocks. Measures taken after the third predation episode (illumination of paddocks, pasture height control, vegetation clearance around the paddocks and closure of animals in stalls at night) prevented further attacks.

A onça-parda (Puma concolor) é uma das principais espécies relacionadas a conflitos entre humanos e animais selvagens no Brasil, principalmente devido predação de ovinos e caprinos em fazendas. Este felino selvagem pode matar de um a vários animais em um único episódio de predação, sendo geralmente, cabras e ovelhas criados extensivamente os mais afetados. Esses ataques raramente são testemunhados e por isso a observação direta da predação também é rara. Neste trabalho são relatados três episódios de predação e causa mortis de ovinos mantidos em piquetes em uma fazenda vizinha à Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A morte de 31 animais foi atribuída a uma onça-parda, conforme provas circunstanciais, exame necroscópico de 16 animais, achados laboratoriais e a observação direta do predador no local da ocorrência. Entretanto, a morte de apenas oito animais foi causada por lesão traumática, principalmente na região cervical. Os demais não apresentaram lesões traumáticas letais e nestes o exame post-mortem indicou colapso circulatório (congestão dos órgãos internos). Dois animais sobreviventes apresentaram acentuado aumento dos níveis sanguíneos de creatinina fosfoquinase, permitindo assim atribuir a morte dos demais animais ao estresse e miopatia provocadas pelo medo e perseguição das ovelhas dentro dos piquetes. Após o terceiro episódio de predação medidas preventivas foram adotadas e a iluminação dos piquetes, o controle da altura do capim nos piquetes, a redução da vegetação ao redor dos piquetes e a manutenção dos animais em baias fechadas durante a noite impediram novos episódios, pelo menos até o momento.

Physiological variations of serum biochemical profile in quarter horse mares at peripartum and in their neonatal foals / Variações fisiológicas no perfil bioquímico sérico de éguas quarto de milha no periparto e potros neonatos

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the serum biochemical profile in Quarter Horse mares in their peripartum, and neonates on their birth date, and to compare the values obtained for male and female foals, as well as values obtained for foals and mares on the day of delivery. Forty one adult, pregnant mares and their respective offspring on the day of delivery were analyzed, totaling 82 animals. Two samples of blood were collected from the mares, seven days before and on the day of delivery. From the foals, blood collection was performed on the day of their birth about 12 h after colostrum ingestion. The samples were centrifuged and the serum stored at -20 ºC for analyses. Each sample was used to determine the serum concentrations proteins, metabolites, minerals and enzymes. Physiological changes caused by peripartum led to higher serum total protein, albumin, and globulins on the day of delivery. Serum concentration of triglycerides and calcium /phosphorus ratio were greater seven days before delivery; iron concentration was higher than reference ranges in both moments of evaluation. In foals, albumin serum concentrations, albumin/globulins ratio, and aspartate aminotransferase remained below reference ranges. In foals, there was no influence of sex in the serum biochemical profile. When results obtained for foals on their birth date were compared with those obtained for the mares on the delivery day, cholesterol, triglycerides, phosphorus, iron, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyltransferase were higher in foals, and total protein, albumin, globulins, urea nitrogen, calcium/phosphorus ratio, and aspartate aminotransferase were higher in mares. Results showed variations in serum biochemistry in peripartum mares and neonates, as well as in the comparison between foals and mares on the day of delivery. Clinically, serum biochemistry values for peripartum mares and neonates should be considered in the analysis of laboratory results of tests carried out in this period.

Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar o perfil bioquímico sérico de éguas no periparto e potros no dia do nascimento, e confrontar os valores obtidos para potros machos e fêmeas, e desses com as éguas no dia do parto. Foram utilizadas 41 éguas adultas, gestantes, e suas respectivas crias no dia do nascimento, totalizando 82 animais. Das éguas foram coletadas duas amostras de sangue, sete dias antes do parto e no dia do parto. Dos potros, no dia do nascimento, aproximadamente 12 h após ingestão do colostro. As amostras foram centrifugadas e o soro estocado à ­ 20º C para análises. De cada amostra foram determinadas as concentrações séricas de proteínas, metabólitos, minerais e enzimas. Alterações fisiológicas decorrentes do periparto determinaram um quadro com maiores valores sérico das proteínas totais, albumina e globulinas no dia do parto. A concentração sérica dos triglicérides e a relação cálcio/fósforo foi maior aos sete dias antes do parto e, o ferro com valores superiores aos de referência, nos dois momentos avaliados. Nos potros as concentrações séricas da albumina, relação albumina/globulinas e aspartato aminotransferase permaneceram abaixo dos valores de referência. Não houve influencia do sexo nos valores dos constituintes bioquímicos séricos avaliados. Quando confrontados os resultados obtidos para potros, no dia do nascimento, com os das éguas no dia do parto, observou-se maiores valores do colesterol, triglicérides, fósforo, ferro, fosfatase alcalina e gama glutamiltransferase nos potros, e nas éguas maiores valores para proteínas totais, albumina, globulinas, nitrogênio ureico, relação cálcio/fósforo e aspartato aminotransferase. Os resultados revelaram variações nos valores dos constituintes bioquímicos séricos nas éguas no peripato, nos potros neonatos e dos potros em relação as éguas no dia do parto. Clinicamente, os valores dos constituintes bioquímicos séricos nas éguas no periparto e potros neonatos, devem ser considerados no momento da interpretação de resultados de análises laboratoriais nesses períodos.

Parasitism by Syngamus trachea in blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna)

Background: Ara ararauna is widely distributed in South America and frequently affected by anthropogenic activities and environmental pressures such as illegal bird trafficking, and habitat loss. Also some endoparasites can threaten their health, and cause their death, or prevent the reintroduction of the animal to its natural environment. The objective of the present work was to report the occurrence of parasitism by Syngamus trachea in an Ara ararauna.Case: An adult, 900-gram female Ara ararauna from a project for the rehabilitation of the Brazilian fauna was kept in a collective nursery together with 12 specimens of the same species. Their diet was composed of typical fruits of the region, which were offered twice a day, and water ad libitum. The macaws had no previous history of anthelmintic treatment. The specimen evaluated presented progressive weight loss, constant sneezing, and reduced appetite for seven days. During physical examination the animal presented apathy, lethargy, spiked feathers, body condition score of 1/4, frequent sneezing, and inspiratory dyspnea. After this examination, the bird died, and the necropsy was performed. The postmortem findings were pale periocular, oral, and cloacal mucosae, cachexia, and presence of parasites of round shape, reddish color, with length of approximately 0.5 cm, in the proximal portion of the trachea. Another parasite with the same characteristics, but smaller in size, showing Y shape was found in the body. The trachea also showed colorless mucus and petechial hemorrhages in the proximal and middle portions of the mucosa. These parasites were subjected to morphological analysis in the Laboratory of Microscopy of the University Center of Triângulo and were identified as Syngamus trachea.[...]

Parasitism by Syngamus trachea in blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna)

Background: Ara ararauna is widely distributed in South America and frequently affected by anthropogenic activities and environmental pressures such as illegal bird trafficking, and habitat loss. Also some endoparasites can threaten their health, and cause their death, or prevent the reintroduction of the animal to its natural environment. The objective of the present work was to report the occurrence of parasitism by Syngamus trachea in an Ara ararauna.Case: An adult, 900-gram female Ara ararauna from a project for the rehabilitation of the Brazilian fauna was kept in a collective nursery together with 12 specimens of the same species. Their diet was composed of typical fruits of the region, which were offered twice a day, and water ad libitum. The macaws had no previous history of anthelmintic treatment. The specimen evaluated presented progressive weight loss, constant sneezing, and reduced appetite for seven days. During physical examination the animal presented apathy, lethargy, spiked feathers, body condition score of 1/4, frequent sneezing, and inspiratory dyspnea. After this examination, the bird died, and the necropsy was performed. The postmortem findings were pale periocular, oral, and cloacal mucosae, cachexia, and presence of parasites of round shape, reddish color, with length of approximately 0.5 cm, in the proximal portion of the trachea. Another parasite with the same characteristics, but smaller in size, showing Y shape was found in the body. The trachea also showed colorless mucus and petechial hemorrhages in the proximal and middle portions of the mucosa. These parasites were subjected to morphological analysis in the Laboratory of Microscopy of the University Center of Triângulo and were identified as Syngamus trachea.[...](AU)

Hepatic lipidosis due to obesity in a free-living snake (Boa constrictor amarali)

Background: Liver performs several important functions to the maintenance of physiological mechanisms. Some liver diseases may directly affect anatomical and physiological aspects of this organ, and may lead to a permanent liver injury. In snakes, the most common causes of liver disease are infections, however, approaches on non-infectious liver diseases are scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe macroscopically and microscopically liver alterations in a Boa constrictor amarali snake.Case: A adult male boa (Boa constrictor amarali) snake of 110 cm of length and weight of 3.270 kg from free-living conditions, and without previous history was rescued in an urban area and taken by the Environmental Police to the Laboratory for Teaching and Research in Wild Animals (LAPAS) of the Federal University of Uberlândia’s (UFU) Veterinary Hospital, in Uberlândia MG, Brazil. The animal died and a significant amount of adipose tissue was found throughout the extension of the coelomic cavity at necropsy, limiting the visualization of its internal organs. Fragments of altered organs were collected and packed in a universal collector containing a 10% buffered formalin solution. These samples were sent to the Animal Pathology Laboratory (LPA) of the UFU. Macroscopically, the stomach presented a reddish mucosa, and mucous contents. The liver was pale, with a yellowish color and a friable consistency. Microscopically, dilated hepatic sinusoids filled with red blood cells were observed; the hepatocytes were enlarged, and its cytoplasm were filled with vacuoles of varied sizes that did not stain (severe diffuse lipidosis). It was also found occurrence of multifocal areas with loss of tissue architecture, and hepatocytes in karyolysis, charactering necrosis; and a discrete amount of multifocal mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate (multifocal hepatitis).[...]

Hepatic lipidosis due to obesity in a free-living snake (Boa constrictor amarali)

Background: Liver performs several important functions to the maintenance of physiological mechanisms. Some liver diseases may directly affect anatomical and physiological aspects of this organ, and may lead to a permanent liver injury. In snakes, the most common causes of liver disease are infections, however, approaches on non-infectious liver diseases are scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe macroscopically and microscopically liver alterations in a Boa constrictor amarali snake.Case: A adult male boa (Boa constrictor amarali) snake of 110 cm of length and weight of 3.270 kg from free-living conditions, and without previous history was rescued in an urban area and taken by the Environmental Police to the Laboratory for Teaching and Research in Wild Animals (LAPAS) of the Federal University of Uberlândias (UFU) Veterinary Hospital, in Uberlândia MG, Brazil. The animal died and a significant amount of adipose tissue was found throughout the extension of the coelomic cavity at necropsy, limiting the visualization of its internal organs. Fragments of altered organs were collected and packed in a universal collector containing a 10% buffered formalin solution. These samples were sent to the Animal Pathology Laboratory (LPA) of the UFU. Macroscopically, the stomach presented a reddish mucosa, and mucous contents. The liver was pale, with a yellowish color and a friable consistency. Microscopically, dilated hepatic sinusoids filled with red blood cells were observed; the hepatocytes were enlarged, and its cytoplasm were filled with vacuoles of varied sizes that did not stain (severe diffuse lipidosis). It was also found occurrence of multifocal areas with loss of tissue architecture, and hepatocytes in karyolysis, charactering necrosis; and a discrete amount of multifocal mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate (multifocal hepatitis).[...](AU)

Linfomas em cães: aspectos epidemiológicos / Lymphoma in dogs: Epidemiological aspects

Com os avanços na Medicina Veterinária, houve um aumento na expectativa de vida dos animais de companhia, e em contrapartida, a incidência de doenças crônicas como o câncer tem aumentado nestes animais. O linfoma é uma neoplasia maligna de linfócitos comumente encontrada nos caninos e sua incidência é progressiva, em torno de 24 a 33 casos por ano para cada 100.000 cães. Foram consultadas as fichas do Setor de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2003 e dezembro de 2013, para avaliar a frequência de linfoma nos cães assistidos no Hospital Veterinário (UFU) neste período. Informações como o tipo de exame realizado, sexo, idade, raça e tipo de amostra foram coletadas. Também foi avaliada a frequência do linfoma entre os tumores de células redondas. Posteriormente, os dados foram comparados utilizandose estatística descritiva e porcentual. De todos os 6403 registros, 70,3% dos diagnósticos de linfoma foram observados por meio de citologia e 29,6% por histopatologia. O linfoma foi o segundo tumor de células redondas mais frequente em 23,1%. Não houve predileção sexual e os cães adultos e idosos representaram as faixas etárias mais afetadas. A raça Pit Bull foi a mais frequente em 28,2% dos casos. Em 53,3% dos diagnósticos citológicos conclusivos sem necessidade de biópsia, os cães apresentaram linfadenomegalia na avaliação clínica. A citologia pode ser uma boa ferramenta no diagnóstico de linfomas, auxiliado pela avaliação física dos linfonodos superficiais.

With advances in veterinary medicine, there was an increase in life expectancy of pets, and on the other hand, the incidence of chronic diseases such as cancer has increased in these animals. Lymphoma is a malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes commonly found in canine and its incidence is progressive, around 24-33 cases per year for each 100.000 dogs. The reports of the Sector of Animal Pathology, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), were consulted in the period between January 2003 and December 2013 to assess the frequency of lymphoma in dogs assisted at the Veterinary Hospital (UFU) in this period. Information such as the type of examination, gender, age, and type of sample was collected. We also evaluated the frequency of lymphoma between the round cell tumors. Later, the data were compared using descriptive statistics and percentage. Of all 6403 records, 70.3% of lymphoma diagnoses were observed by cytology and 29.6% by histopathology. Lymphoma was the second most frequent round cell tumor in 23.1%. There was no sexual predilection and the adult and elderly dogs represented the most affected age groups. The Pit Bull breed was the most frequent in 28.2% of the cases. In 53.3% of the conclusive cytologic diagnoses without biopsy, the dogs presented lymphadenomegaly in the clinical evaluation. Cytology can be a good tool in the diagnosis of lymphomas, aided by the physical evaluation of superficial lymph nodes

Causes of death of domestic cats in a veterinary hospital of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais state: a retrospective study / Causas de óbito em gatos domésticos em um hospital veterinário de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais: estudo retrospectivo

Cats play an important role as pets in the present society. Thus, the knowledge about their main diseases and causes of death is fundamental to prevent various pathologies. However, when dealing with domestic cats there are very few researches in Veterinary Medicine. The aim of this study is to identify the causes of death of cats through a retrospective study of necropsies in the Animal Pathology Laboratory in the Federal University of Uberlândia (Brazil), in a period of 36 years, in which 350 cat necropsies were conducted. The most frequent causes of death of these animals were digestive system diseases (48 cats ­ 13.71%), and among them, feline hepatic lipidosis was the most frequent etiology (18.75%). The second most affected system was the respiratory (10.86%) and acute pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and diaphragmatic hernia were the main diseases to cause death of cats with some kind of disorder in this system. Other decease causes were rabies, squamous cell carcinoma, fibrous osteodystrophy, fractures and traumatism, hypovolemic shock, and feline lower urinary tract disease. This type of analysis can provide basic information about the most common diseases in felines, contributing with veterinarians as they adopt control and prevention actions against diseases.(AU)

Os gatos apresentam papel relevante como animal de estimação na sociedade atual. Neste sentido, o conhecimento das principais enfermidades e causas de morte desses animais é fundamental para prevenção de várias patologias. No entanto, quanto ao gato doméstico, essas pesquisas ainda são escassas na medicina veterinária. Assim, este trabalho realizou um estudo retrospectivo das causas de morte de gatos registradas das necropsias efetuadas pelo Laboratório de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, em um período de 36 anos, no qual 350 gatos foram necropsiados. As doenças do sistema digestivo foram as mais frequentes (48 gatos ­ 13,71%) e destas, a lipidose hepática foi a etiologia de maior ocorrência (18,75%). O sistema respiratório foi o segundo mais afetado (10,86%), sendo pneumonia aguda, edema pulmonar e hérnia diafragmática as principais doenças deste sistema responsáveis pela morte de gatos. Outras causas de óbito importantes foram raiva, carcinoma de células escamosas, osteodistrofia fibrosa, fraturas e traumatismos, choque hipovolêmico e síndrome urológica felina. Este tipo de análise pode fornecer informações básicas sobre as enfermidades que mais acometem os felinos de uma determinada região, contribuindo para que os profissionais médicos veterinários passem a adotar as respectivas ações de prevenção e controle.(AU)

Causes of death of domestic cats in a veterinary hospital of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais state: a retrospective study / Causas de óbito em gatos domésticos em um hospital veterinário de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais: estudo retrospectivo

Cats play an important role as pets in the present society. Thus, the knowledge about their main diseases and causes of death is fundamental to prevent various pathologies. However, when dealing with domestic cats there are very few researches in Veterinary Medicine. The aim of this study is to identify the causes of death of cats through a retrospective study of necropsies in the Animal Pathology Laboratory in the Federal University of Uberlândia (Brazil), in a period of 36 years, in which 350 cat necropsies were conducted. The most frequent causes of death of these animals were digestive system diseases (48 cats ­ 13.71%), and among them, feline hepatic lipidosis was the most frequent etiology (18.75%). The second most affected system was the respiratory (10.86%) and acute pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and diaphragmatic hernia were the main diseases to cause death of cats with some kind of disorder in this system. Other decease causes were rabies, squamous cell carcinoma, fibrous osteodystrophy, fractures and traumatism, hypovolemic shock, and feline lower urinary tract disease. This type of analysis can provide basic information about the most common diseases in felines, contributing with veterinarians as they adopt control and prevention actions against diseases.(AU)

Os gatos apresentam papel relevante como animal de estimação na sociedade atual. Neste sentido, o conhecimento das principais enfermidades e causas de morte desses animais é fundamental para prevenção de várias patologias. No entanto, quanto ao gato doméstico, essas pesquisas ainda são escassas na medicina veterinária. Assim, este trabalho realizou um estudo retrospectivo das causas de morte de gatos registradas das necropsias efetuadas pelo Laboratório de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, em um período de 36 anos, no qual 350 gatos foram necropsiados. As doenças do sistema digestivo foram as mais frequentes (48 gatos ­ 13,71%) e destas, a lipidose hepática foi a etiologia de maior ocorrência (18,75%). O sistema respiratório foi o segundo mais afetado (10,86%), sendo pneumonia aguda, edema pulmonar e hérnia diafragmática as principais doenças deste sistema responsáveis pela morte de gatos. Outras causas de óbito importantes foram raiva, carcinoma de células escamosas, osteodistrofia fibrosa, fraturas e traumatismos, choque hipovolêmico e síndrome urológica felina. Este tipo de análise pode fornecer informações básicas sobre as enfermidades que mais acometem os felinos de uma determinada região, contribuindo para que os profissionais médicos veterinários passem a adotar as respectivas ações de prevenção e controle.(AU)

Cystic liver disease in domestic feline inffected with Platynosomum sp. - A Case report / Doença hepática cística em felino doméstico infectado por Platynosomum sp. ­ Relato de caso

Platinosomosis affects felines and it is caused by a trematode of the genus Platynosomum sp. The parasitized animals can be symptomatic or asymptomatic and the disease can evolve severely, killing the animal. Due to the similarity between clinical signs and changes of platinosomosis and those of other pathologies caused by the parasite and having in mind that the parasite occasionally appears on the stool, the search for trematodes and eggs in material coming from bile aspirate is a more efficient way to diagnose the parasitic disease, what helps to distinguish it from other liver diseases. Thus, the clinical veterinarian is able to perform the treatment correctly. The aim was to report a case of cystic liver disease related to platinosomosis in a domestic feline which has been undergoing treatment of liver disease for over a year. During the clinical evaluation, the animal was apathetic and with hepatomegaly. A complete blood count (CBC) revealed a discreet lymphopenia. The enzymes alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase were above the normal range for the species. The parasitological examination of the biliary material indicated eggs from the trematode Platynosomum sp. whereas the histopathology examination of liver masses indicated cystic structures covered by connective tissue and multifocal mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate. In conclusion, liver cysts in felines with chronic liver disease can be associated with cases of diseases caused by the trematode helminths.

A platinosomose afeta felinos e é ocasionada por um trematódeo do gênero Platinosomum sp. Os animais parasitados podem ser sintomáticos ou assintomáticos e a doença pode evoluir de forma grave levando o animal a óbito. Devido à similaridade dos sinais clínicos e alterações ocasionadas pelo parasita com outras patologias hepáticas e a liberação do parasita nas fezes ocorrer de forma esporádica, a pesquisa de trematódeos e ovos em material proveniente de aspirados de bile é uma forma de diagnóstico mais eficiente da parasitose, o que auxiliará na diferenciação de outras hepatopatias, e com isso o clínico veterinário poderá realizar o tratamento de forma correta. Dessa forma, objetivou-se relatar um caso de doença hepática cística associado a platinosomose em felino doméstico assistido para tratamento de hepatopatia há mais de um ano. Na avaliação clínica, o animal se apresentava apático e com hepatomegalia. Foi realizado hemograma onde se evidenciou uma discreta linfopenia e as enzimas fosfatase alcalina e alanina aminostransferase estavam acima dos limites de normalidade para espécie. No exame parasitológico de conteúdo biliar foi observado ovos do trematódeo Platynosomum sp. enquanto que no exame histopatológico de massas hepáticas foram observadas estruturas císticas recobertas por tecido conjuntivo e infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear multifocal. Conclui-se que a presença de cistos hepáticos em felinos com hepatopatia crônica pode estar associada a quadros de parasitismo por helmintos trematódeos.

Dermatopathy caused by Enterobacter aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Boa constrictor amarali

Background: Bacterial diseases are the main cause of the high mortality rates of snakes, especially those caused by gramnegative agents. However, studies on dermatopathy caused by these bacterial agents in snakes are scarce; and no reports have been found on Enterobacter aerogenes as causative agent of dermatopathy in snake species. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the clinical signs, and lesion evolution of a dermatopathy in a male snake (Boa constrictor amarali) specimen of approximately seven years old; and to describe the isolation and identification of the Enterobacter aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa agents involved in the cause of this disease. Case: The Boa constrictor amarali evaluated presented blackened cutaneous lesions in the dorsal, snout-vent and tail regions; and well-defined subcutaneous nodules of 2.0-3.0 cm diameter, with soft consistency, reddish color, cutaneous flaccidity, and areas of scale ulceration in the dorsolateral region. The clinical evaluation of the animal showed dehydration signs and pale mucous membranes. The blackened lesions were subjected to mycological analysis - after procedure of deep scale scraping - which showed presence of septate hyphae. The nodule was punctured for microbiological and biochemical analysis. The sample was collected with a sterilized alginate cotton tip swab, and was stored in a plastic tube containing a semi-solid Stuart transport medium, for microbiological analysis. Then, this sample was incubated in a bacteriological oven at 37°C for 24 h. Typical colonies of Pseudomonas and Enterobacter grew on MacConkey agar medium; these bacteria were identified by the colony morphology and their typical odor. The colonies grown in MacConkey agar were also identified through biochemical tests in the mediums: Phenol red, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Citrate, Urea and SIM (Sulfide, Indole, Motility)...

Dermatopathy caused by Enterobacter aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Boa constrictor amarali

Background: Bacterial diseases are the main cause of the high mortality rates of snakes, especially those caused by gramnegative agents. However, studies on dermatopathy caused by these bacterial agents in snakes are scarce; and no reports have been found on Enterobacter aerogenes as causative agent of dermatopathy in snake species. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the clinical signs, and lesion evolution of a dermatopathy in a male snake (Boa constrictor amarali) specimen of approximately seven years old; and to describe the isolation and identification of the Enterobacter aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa agents involved in the cause of this disease. Case: The Boa constrictor amarali evaluated presented blackened cutaneous lesions in the dorsal, snout-vent and tail regions; and well-defined subcutaneous nodules of 2.0-3.0 cm diameter, with soft consistency, reddish color, cutaneous flaccidity, and areas of scale ulceration in the dorsolateral region. The clinical evaluation of the animal showed dehydration signs and pale mucous membranes. The blackened lesions were subjected to mycological analysis - after procedure of deep scale scraping - which showed presence of septate hyphae. The nodule was punctured for microbiological and biochemical analysis. The sample was collected with a sterilized alginate cotton tip swab, and was stored in a plastic tube containing a semi-solid Stuart transport medium, for microbiological analysis. Then, this sample was incubated in a bacteriological oven at 37°C for 24 h. Typical colonies of Pseudomonas and Enterobacter grew on MacConkey agar medium; these bacteria were identified by the colony morphology and their typical odor. The colonies grown in MacConkey agar were also identified through biochemical tests in the mediums: Phenol red, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Citrate, Urea and SIM (Sulfide, Indole, Motility)...(AU)

Comparison of efficiency of staining with Ziehl-Neelsen modified and Safranin modified in detection of Cryptosporidium spp. (Eucoccidiorida, Cryptosporidiidae) from fecal samples of calves from 0 and 3 months / Comparação da eficiência das colorações de Ziehl-Neelsen modificado e Safranina modificada na detecção de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. (Eucoccidiorida, Cryptosporidiidae) a partir de amostras fecais de bezerros de 0 a 3 meses

Bovine cryptosporidiosis is caused by four differents species: Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium bovis, Cryptosporidium andersoni and Cryptosporidium ryanae. The species Cryptosporidium parvum (Order: Eucoccidiorida, Family: Cryptosporidiidae) is considered of high zoonotic potential and it can infect humans through the elimination of oocysts by both cattle and by humans. The objective of this research was to detect oocysts of the genus Cryptosporidium spp. in fecal contents of calves (75 males and 77 females). We collected 152 stool samples from animals aged between 0 day and 3 months. The material was subjected to modified Ziehl-Neelsen and modified Safranin techniques, the slides were observed in its entire length by optical microscopy to verify the presence of oocysts of this parasitic infections. The results showed 17.1% (26/152) positivity in the samples examined, and the statistical analysis showed no difference between sex and the staining techniques used in this study. We concluded the infection by Cryptosporidium spp. is present in the evaluated properties, but more studies are needed, so that the risk of infection is measured properly and prophylactic measures are implemented(AU)

A criptosporidiose bovina é causada principalmente por quatro espécies distintas: Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium bovis, Cryptosporidium ryanae e Cryptosporidium andersoni. A espécie Cryptosporidium parvum (Ordem: Eucoccidiorida, Família: Cryptosporidiidae) é considerada de alto potencial zoonótico, podendo infectar humanos por intermédio da eliminação de oocistos tanto pelos bovinos quanto pelo próprio humano. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a ocorrência de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. em amostras fecais de bezerros (75 machos e 77 fêmeas), tendo sido coletadas 152 amostras de fezes de animais do nascimento até os três meses de idade. O material foi submetido às técnicas de coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen modificado e Safranina modificada, as lâminas foram observadas em toda sua extensão ao microscópio óptico para a verificação da presença de oocistos desta enteroparasitose. Os resultados demonstraram 17,1% (26/152) de positividade no total das amostras examinadas e a análise estatística revelou não haver diferença entre o sexo e as técnicas de coloração utilizadas neste estudo. Conclui-se que a infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. esta presente nas propriedades avaliadas, porém são necessários mais estudos para que o risco de infecção seja mensurado adequadamente e medidas profiláticas implementadas(AU)

Comparison of efficiency of staining with Ziehl-Neelsen modified and Safranin modified in detection of Cryptosporidium spp. (Eucoccidiorida, Cryptosporidiidae) from fecal samples of calves from 0 and 3 months / Comparação da eficiência das colorações de Ziehl-Neelsen modificado e Safranina modificada na detecção de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. (Eucoccidiorida, Cryptosporidiidae) a partir de amostras fecais de bezerros de 0 a 3 meses

Bovine cryptosporidiosis is caused by four differents species: Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium bovis, Cryptosporidium andersoni and Cryptosporidium ryanae. The species Cryptosporidium parvum (Order: Eucoccidiorida, Family: Cryptosporidiidae) is considered of high zoonotic potential and it can infect humans through the elimination of oocysts by both cattle and by humans. The objective of this research was to detect oocysts of the genus Cryptosporidium spp. in fecal contents of calves (75 males and 77 females). We collected 152 stool samples from animals aged between 0 day and 3 months. The material was subjected to modified Ziehl-Neelsen and modified Safranin techniques, the slides were observed in its entire length by optical microscopy to verify the presence of oocysts of this parasitic infections. The results showed 17.1% (26/152) positivity in the samples examined, and the statistical analysis showed no difference between sex and the staining techniques used in this study. We concluded the infection by Cryptosporidium spp. is present in the evaluated properties, but more studies are needed, so that the risk of infection is measured properly and prophylactic measures are implemented

A criptosporidiose bovina é causada principalmente por quatro espécies distintas: Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium bovis, Cryptosporidium ryanae e Cryptosporidium andersoni. A espécie Cryptosporidium parvum (Ordem: Eucoccidiorida, Família: Cryptosporidiidae) é considerada de alto potencial zoonótico, podendo infectar humanos por intermédio da eliminação de oocistos tanto pelos bovinos quanto pelo próprio humano. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a ocorrência de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. em amostras fecais de bezerros (75 machos e 77 fêmeas), tendo sido coletadas 152 amostras de fezes de animais do nascimento até os três meses de idade. O material foi submetido às técnicas de coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen modificado e Safranina modificada, as lâminas foram observadas em toda sua extensão ao microscópio óptico para a verificação da presença de oocistos desta enteroparasitose. Os resultados demonstraram 17,1% (26/152) de positividade no total das amostras examinadas e a análise estatística revelou não haver diferença entre o sexo e as técnicas de coloração utilizadas neste estudo. Conclui-se que a infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. esta presente nas propriedades avaliadas, porém são necessários mais estudos para que o risco de infecção seja mensurado adequadamente e medidas profiláticas implementadas

COMPARAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA DAS COLORAÇÕES DE ZIEHL-NEELSEN MODIFICADO E SAFRANINA MODIFICADA NA DETECÇÃO DE OOCISTOS DE Cryptosporidium spp. (EUCOCCIDIORIDA, CRYPTOSPORIDIIDAE) A PARTIR DE AMOSTRAS FECAIS DE BEZERROS DE 0 A 3 MESES

Abstract Bovine cryptosporidiosis is caused by four differents species: Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium bovis, Cryptosporidium andersoni and Cryptosporidium ryanae. The species Cryptosporidium parvum (Order: Eucoccidiorida, Family: Cryptosporidiidae) is considered of high zoonotic potential and it can infect humans through the elimination of oocysts by both cattle and by humans. The objective of this research was to detect oocysts of the genus Cryptosporidium spp. in fecal contents of calves (75 males and 77 females). We collected 152 stool samples from animals aged between 0 day and 3 months. The material was subjected to modified Ziehl-Neelsen and modified Safranin techniques, the slides were observed in its entire length by optical microscopy to verify the presence of oocysts of this parasitic infections. The results showed 17.1% (26/152) positivity in the samples examined, and the statistical analysis showed no difference between sex and the staining techniques used in this study. We concluded the infection by Cryptosporidium spp. is present in the evaluated properties, but more studies are needed, so that the risk of infection is measured properly and prophylactic measures are implemented.

Resumo A criptosporidiose bovina é causada principalmente por quatro espécies distintas: Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium bovis, Cryptosporidium ryanae e Cryptosporidium andersoni. A espécie Cryptosporidium parvum (Ordem: Eucoccidiorida, Família: Cryptosporidiidae) é considerada de alto potencial zoonótico, podendo infectar humanos por intermédio da eliminação de oocistos tanto pelos bovinos quanto pelo próprio humano. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a ocorrência de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. em amostras fecais de bezerros (75 machos e 77 fêmeas), tendo sido coletadas 152 amostras de fezes de animais do nascimento até os três meses de idade. O material foi submetido às técnicas de coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen modificado e Safranina modificada, as lâminas foram observadas em toda sua extensão ao microscópio óptico para a verificação da presença de oocistos desta enteroparasitose. Os resultados demonstraram 17,1% (26/152) de positividade no total das amostras examinadas e a análise estatística revelou não haver diferença entre o sexo e as técnicas de coloração utilizadas neste estudo. Conclui-se que a infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. esta presente nas propriedades avaliadas, porém são necessários mais estudos para que o risco de infecção seja mensurado adequadamente e medidas profiláticas implementadas.