RESUMO
HIV-1 displays extensive genetic diversity globally which poses challenge in designing a suitable antigen/immunogen to provoke desired protective immune response in host. HIV-1 mediated pathogenesis is complex and involves host genes, virus genes and other factors. A number of genetic subtypes have been identified based on sequence variations, largely in envelope region. Different genetic subtypes display variation in amino acid sequences with increasing incidence of subtype B, C, D and mosaic recombinants in India. They can potentially alter the functions of several proteins like Rev, Tat ,Vpr, Vif etc and thereby, influence HIV-1 mediated pathogenesis. Recent study has shown that LTR promoter region exhibits novel mosaic structures with segments from B/C Myanmar and India. This indicates rapid evolving nature of HIV-1 and causing epidemics due to existence of multiple subtypes in Indian region. These multiple subtypes show significant differences in various functions (gene activation, cell cycle arrest, RNA binding activities) compared to prototype subtype B genes. These differences may help in better understanding of unique features of HIV-1 epidemic in India.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , HIV-1/genética , Desaminase APOBEC-3G , Citidina Desaminase/metabolismo , Repetição Terminal Longa de HIV , HIV-1/patogenicidade , Proteínas do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/genética , Proteínas do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/metabolismo , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Proteínas Virais Reguladoras e Acessórias/genética , Proteínas Virais Reguladoras e Acessórias/metabolismo , Produtos do Gene tat do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/genética , Produtos do Gene tat do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/metabolismo , Produtos do Gene vif do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/genética , Produtos do Gene vif do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/metabolismo , Produtos do Gene vpr do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/genética , Produtos do Gene vpr do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/metabolismoRESUMO
Hyperimmunoglobulin D and periodic fever syndrome (HIDS) is a rare, hereditary autoinflammatory condition characterized by recurrent inflammatory episodes. We report a 9-year-old boy, diagnosed with HIDS due to two novel mutations, c.62C>T (p.Ala21Val) and c.372-6T>C (probable splicing defect), in the mevalonate kinase (MVK) gene. The pathogenicity of these mutations was confirmed by measurement of low MVK enzyme activity in cultured primary skin fibroblasts of the patient. The symptoms have been refractory to therapy with steroids and non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs. This report expands the genetic and ethnic spectrum of HIDS.
Assuntos
Febre/diagnóstico , Febre/genética , Deficiência de Mevalonato Quinase/diagnóstico , Deficiência de Mevalonato Quinase/genética , Criança , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , SíndromeRESUMO
Hyperimmunoglobulin D and periodic fever syndrome (HIDS) is a rare, hereditary autoinflammatory condition characterized by recurrent inflammatory episodes. We report a 9-year-old boy, diagnosed with HIDS due to two novel mutations, c.62C>T (p.Ala21Val) and c.372-6T>C (probable splicing defect), in the mevalonate kinase (MVK) gene. The pathogenicity of these mutations was confirmed by measurement of low MVK enzyme activity in cultured primary skin fibroblasts of the patient. The symptoms have been refractory to therapy with steroids and non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs. This report expands the genetic and ethnic spectrum of HIDS.