The Perception of Depth and Form in Fine Arts, Video Games and Medicine.

Medical imaging technology has greatly improved over the last 40 years. A good example of this is the improved 3D reconstruction capabilities of CTs, which enable photorealistic reconstructions. This technological advancement has also taken place in the computer industry, and the development of modern graphics cards has fueled progress in video games. In art, many of the techniques used to improve three-dimensionality have been known for centuries. At first sight, these fields seem unrelated, but there is actually considerable confluence. This paper focuses on three areas: fine arts, video games and radiology. The art section illustrates different drawing techniques used to create three-dimensionality. The section on video games shows the development of video games from the 1980s to the present day. Finally, the medical imaging section focuses on the first 3D radiography reconstructions in the 1980s and the improvements to the present day. Contemporary video games and 3D reconstructions of CTs enable photorealistic impressions of 3D anatomical structures. An important factor is shadow casting and light, which has been known in fine arts for centuries. The effect on the observer of photorealistic 3D reconstructions in video games and in medical imaging can be largely explained by the knowledge of 3D techniques in drawings and paintings.

[Dentale Magnetresonanztomographie in der Implantatchirurgie].

Die Magnetresonanztomographie hat in den letzten Jahren durch zahlreiche technische Fortschritte vielversprechende Ansätze in der dentomaxillofazialen Radiologie eröffnet. Die MRT hat das Potenzial, zu einer innovativen Methode für die präzise Diagnose und Planung von Zahnimplantaten zu werden, da sie die gleichzeitige Darstellung von Weich- und Hartgewebe ermöglicht und keine Strahlenbelastung für die Patienten mit sich bringt. Die dentale MRT fungiert bereits heute als eine sinnvolle Ergänzung zu konventionellen röntgenbasierten bildgebenden Verfahren und kann dazu beitragen, die mit chirurgischen Eingriffen verbundenen Risiken durch die Optimierung bestehender Therapieprotokolle weiter zu minimieren. Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Bestrebungen in der Zahnmedizin eine personalisierte orale Diagnostik unter Berücksichtigung patientenspezifischer Faktoren zu ermöglichen, gibt dieser Artikel einen kompakten Überblick über die Möglichkeiten der dentalen MRT in der Implantatchirurgie. Insgesamt verdeutlichen die vorgestellten Anwendungen unter Berücksichtigung der sequenzspezifischen Indikationen und Limitationen das Potenzial der dentalen MRT für die personalisierte implantologische Therapieplanung. Sie ermöglicht die Berücksichtigung von Parametern, die mit konventionellen bildgebenden Verfahren nicht dargestellt werden können, und ist insbesondere nützlich für die Beurteilung chirurgisch relevanter Parameter, die das Weichgewebe betreffen.

Magnetic resonance imaging in dental implant surgery: a systematic review.

PURPOSE: To comprehensively assess the existing literature regarding the rapidly evolving in vivo application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for potential applications, benefits, and challenges in dental implant surgery. METHODS: Electronic and manual searches were conducted in PubMed MEDLINE, EMBASE, Biosis, and Cochrane databases by two reviewers following the PICOS search strategy. This involved using medical subject headings (MeSH) terms, keywords, and their combinations. RESULTS: Sixteen studies were included in this systematic review. Of the 16, nine studies focused on preoperative planning and follow-up phases, four evaluated image-guided implant surgery, while three examined artifact reduction techniques. The current literature highlights several MRI protocols that have recently investigated and evaluated the in vivo feasibility and accuracy, focusing on its potential to provide surgically relevant quantitative and qualitative parameters in the assessment of osseointegration, peri-implant soft tissues, surrounding anatomical structures, reduction of artifacts caused by dental implants, and geometric accuracy relevant to implant placement. Black Bone and MSVAT-SPACE MRI, acquired within a short time, demonstrate improved hard and soft tissue resolution and offer high sensitivity in detecting pathological changes, making them a valuable alternative in targeted cases where CBCT is insufficient. Given the data heterogeneity, a meta-analysis was not possible. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this systematic review highlight the potential of dental MRI, within its indications and limitations, to provide perioperative surgically relevant parameters for accurate placement of dental implants.

Imaging in Third Molar Surgery: A Clinical Update.

Third molar surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Considering the patient's young age and the often-elective nature of the procedure, a comprehensive preoperative evaluation of the surgical site, relying heavily on preoperative imaging, is key to providing accurate diagnostic work-up, evidence-based clinical decision making, and, when appropriate, indication-specific surgical planning. Given the rapid developments of dental imaging in the field, the aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date clinical overview of various imaging techniques related to perioperative imaging in third molar surgery, ranging from panoramic radiography to emerging technologies, such as photon-counting computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Each modality's advantages, limitations, and recent improvements are evaluated, highlighting their role in treatment planning, complication prevention, and postoperative follow-ups. The integration of recent technological advances, including artificial intelligence and machine learning in biomedical imaging, coupled with a thorough preoperative clinical evaluation, marks another step towards personalized dentistry in high-risk third molar surgery. This approach enables minimally invasive surgical approaches while reducing inefficiencies and risks by incorporating additional imaging modality- and patient-specific parameters, potentially facilitating and improving patient management.