Weight perception and weight control practice in a multiethnic sample of US adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: Obesity is disproportionately prevalent among many racial/ethnic minority groups. The main objectives of this study are (1) to examine the extent of body weight misperception for a representative sample of US adolescents; (2) to explore the gender and racial/ethnic differences associated with an adolescents' weight goals and weight loss attempts and; (3) to examine the influence of an array of sociodemographic factors (eg socioeconomic status) on body weight misperception in adolescents. METHODS: A sample of 2,195 adolescents (aged 10 to 18 years) enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2006) was examined. Adolescents' weight and height were measured by lab exams. Perception of weight status, weight goals, and weight loss attempts were obtained by questionnaire. Participants' self-perceptions of their current weight status were compared to classification of their body mass index (BMI) in order to determine concordance. We used multinomial logistic regression models to assess the predictive effects of various sociodemographic factors on weight misperception. RESULTS: Twenty-five percent of girls and 33.2% of boys misperceived their weight status by medical standards. Significant sex and racial/ethnic differences existed in weight perception, attempts to lose weight, and weight goals. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, gender, marital status of parent/guardian were independently associated with the misperception of weight status, controlling for body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in weight perception, weight goals, and weight loss attempts among ethnic and racial groups call for targeted obesity control efforts.

STD-/HIV-related sexual risk behaviors and substance use among U.S. rural adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to examine the relationship between substance use and HIV/sexually transmitted disease (STD)-related sexual risk behaviors among a national sample of sexually active adolescents in rural settings. METHODS: Participants included 9th-12th grade rural adolescents (N=5,745) who completed the 2003 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The independent variables were six substance use behaviors, including alcohol, marijuana, tobacco and cocaine use. The dependent variables were unprotected sex and the number of recent sexual partners. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were examined. RESULTS: Smoking > or =3 days during the past 30 days was associated with unprotected sex. Alcohol or drug use before last sexual intercourse, having ever used marijuana, having ever used cocaine and drinking alcohol during the past 30 days were associated with having multiple sexual partners. CONCLUSIONS: Results from the current study highlighted the need to provide youth with increased STD/HIV prevention knowledge in rural areas. Our finding confirmed that in order to achieve more effective STD/HIV prevention among high-risk substance-abusing youth, more intensive and better-tailored efforts will be needed to promote sexual risk reduction.