[Methodology of infant and young child feeding index for children aged 6-24 months in China].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a infant and young child feeding index (ICFI) in China to comprehensive evaluate the feeding of children aged 6-24 months. METHODS: Based on the feed index concept defined by Ruel and Menon in 2002, and according to the feeding principle by WHO and Chinese dietary guidelines for children aged 0-6 years, the feed index for infants and young children was built and the variables were scored. Then using WAZ, HAZ and WHZ, the correlation between ICFI and Z score for children in urban and rural of three provinces (Sichuan, Hebei and Heilongjiang) was evaluated. RESULTS: The ICFI was constituted by 7 parts: continued breast-eeding, bottle-feeding, dietary diversity for the past 24 h, frequency of feeding solids/semisolids for the past 24 h, food frequency for the past 7d, the supplementary time of the formula milk and other foods. The difference of ICFI score between urban and rural group was significant (P < 0.05). In urban, the ICFI score of children aged 6-8 months was lower than that of children aged 9-24 months. In urban, the negatively correlation between ICFI and WAZ WHZ was significant (P < 0.05). In rural, the negatively correlation between ICFI and WHZ was significant (P < 0.05), while the positively correlation between ICFI and HAZ was significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ICFI is effective to evaluate the infant feeding in China.

[Protective mechanism of complex vitamin B and GSH on fatty liver].

OBJECTIVE: To study the protective mechanism of complex vitamin B (Co VB), GSH and both application on the rat fatty liver. METHODS: 50 male Wistar rats were allocated to 5 groups randomly, which were normal control group (NC), model control group (TC), intervention of Co VB (T-VB), intervention of GSH (T-glu), intervention of Co VB and GSH (T-glu+ B), respectively. Except NC, other groups were treated with a low dose of Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), high fat diet and alcohol water solution to produce fatty liver model. At the same time, experimental groups were drenched Co VB or (and) GSH, respectively. NC and TC group was drenched physiological salt solution for 28 days. The serum and liver lipid were quantified. The content of MDA and activity of SOD in liver were measured, and histomorphology changes of the liver were observed, and so on. RESULTS: Compared with NC group, rat hepatic cells showed adipose degeneration, and the content of liver MDA and serum ALT was increased in TC group. The content of both serum and hepatic tissue TC, TG were increased, the content of serum AST and HDL were increased, the activity of liver SOD was decreased vs. NC group (P < 0.05). After intervention, adipose degeneration of experiment groups hepatic cells was obviously inhibited, the content of both serum and (or) hepatic tissue TC, TG, ALT and MDA were decreased (P < 0.05), but the content of serum HDL and the activity of liver SOD were increased vs. TC group(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Co VB and GSH have the protection on fatty liver of rats, the mechanism is that they can inhibit lipid metabolic disorder and antioxidative damage.

[Effects of expression of fatty acid synthetase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in offspring rats by high protein intake in pregnancy].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of pregnant nutritional manipulation on offspring mRNA expression of fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). METHODS: Wistar pregnant rats fed on standard diet and high protein diet (HPD), respectively. The male offspring were divided into control and high protein group (HP) in accordance with the diets of their dams. Offspring were cross-fostered and fed on standard diet after weaning. At adult, some offspring randomly selected from control group, namely as high fat control (HFC), HFC and HP group rats fed on high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. At different stages, tissue was collected for analyzing expression of FAS and PEPCK mRNA by fluorescent quantitation PCR. RESULTS: In HP, body weight and obesity rates were decreased after weaning and HFD (P < 0.05). The abundance of PEPCK mRNA was persistently decreased in HP, and the abundance of FAS mRNA in HP was down-regulated before and after HFD vs. control or HFC. CONCLUSION: The increase of protein intake during pregnancy could decrease the expression of FAS and PEPCK mRNA, and prevent offspring from HFD-induced obesity in adult.

Intensive glucose control for critically ill patients: an updated meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis aims to update the evidence for the effects of intensive glucose control (IGC) on the outcomes among critically ill patients. We performed a systematic literature review from inception through December, 2017 by two independent authors by searching PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. Randomized clinical trials of the effects of IGC compared with conventional glucose control were selected. Random-effect models were applied to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) for the related outcomes. Of 4247 records identified, we abstracted data from 27 relevant trials for meta-analysis. Compared with patients receiving conventional glucose control (controls), patients with IGC did not have significantly decreased risk of short-term mortality (in-hospital mortality or intensive care unit (ICU) mortality) (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.92-1.06) or 3- to 6-month mortality (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.97-1.08). These results remained constant among different study settings including surgical ICUs, medical ICUs or mixed ICUs. Similarly, we also found that patients with IGC did not have significantly lower risk of sepsis (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.89-1.11) or new need for dialysis (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.84-1.11). However, patients with IGC had almost 4-fold increase in risk of hypoglycemia (RR 4.86, 95% CI 3.16-7.46). In conclusion, in this updated meta-analysis of published trials, critically ill patients receiving IGC were found to be at neutral risk for short-term or 3- 6-month mortality, risk of sepsis or new need for dialysis, but at higher risk of hypoglycemia.

Sleep-related factors and work-related injuries among farmers in Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.

The association between sleep and work-related injuries among Chinese farmers has not been well studied. This study examined the impact of lack of sleep on agricultural work-related injuries among farmers in China. Data were from a cross-sectional survey of farm-workers in northeastern China. Information was obtained on injuries that occurred in 12 months prior to the survey, on eight sleep-related variables, and on socio-demographic variables. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to test the hypothesis that lack of sleep significantly increased the risk of work-related injuries after controlling for other injury-related risk- factors. Farmers who slept less than six hours per night were 59% more likely to be injured than those who slept more than eight hours per night (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.04, 2.41). The odds of a work-related injury was 2.46 (1.56-3.89) for farmers who reported going to sleep after midnight at least once a week compared with farmers who reported going to sleep after midnight once a month. Farmers who reported having difficulty falling asleep or waking frequently during the night, who often having nightmares, or who experienced daytime sleepiness were at higher injury risk compared with the reference group after controlling for age, gender and alcohol consumption. Reduced sleep hours and poor sleep quality significantly increased the risk of work-related injuries in Chinese farmers. Sleep hours and sleep quality should be considered when assessing occupational safety among farmers.

Prevalence of disability among adolescents and adults in rural China.

BACKGROUND: Disability affects health status and quality of life; however, insufficient research has been done in developing countries using internationally accepted measurements. OBJECTIVE: We investigated disabilities, sociodemographics, health indicators, and health behaviors using a sample of rural residents in northern China. We reported disability prevalence by age for our study sample and for a sample of rural residents who participated in the 1999-2002 Colorado Disability Survey. METHODS: Face-to-face interviews were conducted in 2008, and complete questionnaires were obtained from 2199 individuals 15 years old or older. The definition of disability was conceptually based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. RESULTS: Of those who completed the survey, 154 (7.0%) reported having disabilities. The prevalence was 2.3% for limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) and 3.1% for limitations in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Significant differences in the disability prevalence were found across the categories of education, age, and marital status. Among individuals with disabilities, 54.6% rated their health status as poor or very poor compared to 13.4% of people without a disability. A strong association was seen between disability status and injury. A large proportion (79.9%) of persons with disabilities, as well as 82.2% of persons without disabilities, reported paying for their medical expenses out-of-pocket. The age pattern of disabilities (ADL and IADL) was similar to that seen in a rural Colorado population. CONCLUSIONS: Many rural Chinese individuals with disabilities report poor general health and may face further limitations in their daily activities and social participation without accessible and affordable health care.

[Epidemiological study on alcohol consumption and agricultural profession-related injuries among minority residents from the northern parts of China].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the incidence rates of agricultural profession-related injuries and the relationship to alcohol consumption. METHODS: A multistage sample of 2366 villagers was selected from Minority Nationality Villages, Heilongjiang province. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by trained interviewers during May 2008. 2198 (92.9%) of the eligible questionnaires were available. RESULTS: Incidence rate of agricultural profession-related injury rate was 11.8% (260/2198) from May 2007 to April 2008. Higher proportions of injuries were seen for males, 30 - 49 year olds, farmers and among those people working on farms for 10 years or more, smoking during farm work, with sleeping disorder, using motor vehicles, and those using agricultural machinery. Rate of alcohol drinking was 29.1% (640/2198) in the month prior to the investigation. Results from logistic regression models showed that alcohol consumption patterns and other alcohol-related behavior were examined in separate logistic models because of collinearity by controlling the variables that were associated with agricultural profession-related injury including sex, age, years of farm work, driving a motor vehicle, and agricultural machinery use etc. In each model, the reference group was those villagers who did not drink in the past month. The odds of injury among villagers with history of past month drinking, who drank distilled spirits, and alcohol drinking at breakfast and lunch were 1.80 (95%CI: 1.24 - 2.62), 2.09 (95%CI: 1.38 - 3.15), 2.15(95%CI: 1.43 - 3.22) respectively. The odds of agricultural injury also significantly increased with greater average amounts of pure alcohol per day, with increased frequency of drinking per week, and reported years of drinking. CONCLUSION: Intervention efforts should include increasing awareness about alcohol drinking as a major risk factor causing agricultural injuries as well as controlling alcohol drinking, improving knowledge about driving motor vehicle and using agricultural machinery.