Male reproductive aging arises via multifaceted mating-dependent sperm and seminal proteome declines, but is postponable in Drosophila.

Declining ejaculate performance with male age is taxonomically widespread and has broad fitness consequences. Ejaculate success requires fully functional germline (sperm) and soma (seminal fluid) components. However, some aging theories predict that resources should be preferentially diverted to the germline at the expense of the soma, suggesting differential impacts of aging on sperm and seminal fluid and trade-offs between them or, more broadly, between reproduction and lifespan. While harmful effects of male age on sperm are well known, we do not know how much seminal fluid deteriorates in comparison. Moreover, given the predicted trade-offs, it remains unclear whether systemic lifespan-extending interventions could ameliorate the declining performance of the ejaculate as a whole. Here, we address these problems using Drosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate that seminal fluid deterioration contributes to male reproductive decline via mating-dependent mechanisms that include posttranslational modifications to seminal proteins and altered seminal proteome composition and transfer. Additionally, we find that sperm production declines chronologically with age, invariant to mating activity such that older multiply mated males become infertile principally via reduced sperm transfer and viability. Our data, therefore, support the idea that both germline and soma components of the ejaculate contribute to male reproductive aging but reveal a mismatch in their aging patterns. Our data do not generally support the idea that the germline is prioritized over soma, at least, within the ejaculate. Moreover, we find that lifespan-extending systemic down-regulation of insulin signaling results in improved late-life ejaculate performance, indicating simultaneous amelioration of both somatic and reproductive aging.

ODOL MUNDVASSER and ZAHNPASTA: Part II - International Success.

In Part I of ODOL MUNDVASSER and ZAHNPASTA: Part I-von Stuck, PUCCINI, and up in the AIR1 we described how in 1892, Dresden's Karl August Lingner (1861-1916), produced and marketed Professor Bruno Richard Seifert's (1861-1919) invention of Odol Mouthrinse, and subsequently Odol Toothpaste. The focus of Part I was how Lingner's Company used "aeronauticak" postcard advertising, ie., dirigibles and airplanes of the times, to advertise their products. A concise summary of the history of Lingner-Werke A.G., Berlin, and what happened to Odol after Lingner's death in 1916, was succinctly reported by Patrick van der Vegt on this website. https://www.atlas-repropaperwork.com/odol-toothpaste/.

The Most Reliable Remedy for Man or Beast Ever Before the Public!

A unique "miracle cure-all" developed for both Man or Beast that was available from the mid-1800s into the 20 century is highlighted with some interesting anecdotal perspectives.

19th Century Deciduous Tooth Boxes from France and Belgium.

An encounter 50 years ago led to an interesting collection of tooth boxes. This paper will highlight many of those unique treasures emanating from Northwestern Europe.

Unusual Dentists' Advertisements from the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics.

The 1932 Olympiad in Los Angeles was not only transformative to the City of Los Angeles but also successful due to the efforts of several dedicated men. The Games were promoted by selected publicity that involved certain types of print media including stamps produced by the United States Postal Service. Advertising "seals" involved a vast number of businesses and products and all this added up to make the depression era Olympic Games successful. Included in the advertising seals were some participating California dentists. Those known dentists are shown here.

Postcards related to Dentistry: Iron-Jaw Acts and aPromotional Optical Illusion.

Demonstrable feats of strength and valor using the teeth are found throughout many aspects of newsworthy items and social encounters in history past. Likewise, promotional opportunities relative to the dentition were also common. This article addresses many of these sensationalistic scenarios that were found on postcards related to dentistry in the early 1900s.

Dear Sis: An 1844 Letter From a Young Connecticut Dentist.

In 1844, Queen Victoria was 7 years into her 63-year reign of the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. John Tyler was 10th president of the United States, to be followed by the 11th president, by James K. Polk in March of 1845. Four years before, Dr. Horace H. Hayden and Chapin A. Harris co-founded The Baltimore College of Dental Surgery. The school was chartered by an act of the Maryland State Legislature in 1840. Dr. Hayden died on 25 January 1844.

Thomas Shields Henderson - Brooklyn Dentist and Irish Nationalist.

An unusual card advertising the dental services of T.S. Henderson revives the story of an Irish dentist who left his homeland and came to Brooklyn, New York to practice. He was a fervent Irish Nationalist and was active in Irish causes. Henderson was an abuser of alcohol and eventually found dead in Albany, New York. The death was considered a suicide, but was it?

Mechanical Dentistry: George Derby, An Unknown Artist, and Rube Goldberg.

For more than a century, at least, tooth extraction by ingenious mechanical contraptions has piqued the interest and imagination of illustrators, especially cartoonists. George Derby, an unknown British talent, and Ruben Garrett Lucius "Rube" Goldberg all dabbled in oral surgical mechanical humor.

Drs. H. Reid Staley and G.M. Brown and Their "Banner Lady" Advertisements.

In the late 1800s ladies were portrayed on "Cabinet Cards" to serve as photographic advertisements that appealed to the needs of the public…in today's world a veritable walking internet display of goods and services.

ODOL MUNDVASSER and ZAHNPASTA: Part I-von Stuck, PUCCINI, and up in the AIR.

Professor Bruno Richard Seifert (1861-1919) (Fig.1), a renowned German chemist, invented a mouthwash that combined an antiseptic with essential oils. (https://second.wiki/wiki/richard_seifert). Karl August Lingner (1861-1916) (Fig. 2), of Dresden, Germany, produced and introduced Seifert's mouthwash in 1892. It was called "ODOL." An excellent review of Lingner's life can be accessed on this website: (https://second.wiki/wiki/karl_august_lingner). Along with ODOL Mundwasser (Mouthwash), ODOL Zahnpasta (Toothpaste) was also produced (Fig. 3). ODOL products are still sold today, 130 years later!

Gehrig Brothers Electo-motor Teething Necklace.

Victorian era patent medicines to soothe discomfort from teething infants worked well because they contained dangerous pain killing drugs such as narcotics and alcohol. Relief from teething discomfort can also be achieved for a teething infant by the baby chewing on various objects such as hard teething rings or teething necklaces.This report offers some historical perspective on infant teething and describes and pictures a well-marketed German teething necklace of the 19th century.

Early Dental Trade Card for a Dentist & Cupper.

Very few "Dentist AND Cupper" trade cards are known and this is the only illustrated one known to the authors. "Mr. Glissan, Dentist and Cupper, 147 Blackfriars Road, (London), Teeth extracted for the Poor Gratuitously." Above the text and in the center is a eight-sided brass boxed scarificator. Developed in the 18th century as a more humane and efficient instrument for bloodletting than lancets or fleams, scarificators had multiple blades that shot out with the press of a spring-loaded lever creating an instantaneous series of parallel cuts in the skin of the patient. After the cuts were made a warm glass cup (to create a vacuum) was applied to drain blood. Two of these cups are pictured on each side of the scarificator. A mandible to the left and a maxilla to the right are also pictured. An explanation of the ancient procedure of cupping can be accessed at: https://www.webmd.com/balance/guide/cupping-therapy#1 (accessed 30 October 2020). Mr. Glessan's offer of free extractions for the poor is not unknown but seldom found on early dentist's trade cards.

Victorian Era Kitten Cuisine?

Humphrey Bogart's mother (Fig. 1)1 undoubtedly had a strange sense of humor. How else can one explain Maud Humphrey's bizarre image, on a stock trade card, of a lovely little lass dressed up in her Sunday best lighting the flame under a chafing dish containing two adorable kittens (Figs. 2-5)? Were kitten fondue or kitty feline stew, dishes du jour in Victorian times? Pictured here are three Victorian trade cards, related to dentistry, featuring Maud Humphrey's adorable little kitten chef. Dr. Eli H. Neiman of York, Pennsylvania, and Dr. Charles S. Decker of Binghamton, New York, chose this stock image to advertise their respective dental practices (Figs. 3 & 4), Ramon's Relief pain medication, including toothache relief, and RAMON'S LIVER PILLS AND TONIC PELLETS were available from W.E. JUDAY in West Manchester, Ohio (Figure 4). Note on the reverse of the Dr. Decker card, that for 50 cents "Vitalized Air for Painless Extracting" was offered. "Vitalized Air" was nitrous oxide altered with small amounts of chloroform and alcohol.2-4 Could it be that Maud had sniffed a bit of Vitalized Air before rendering her shocking kitty-cooking image?

Henry-Jules-Jean-Geoffroy: A Tapestry of Children and Their Dentist.

Henri-Jules-Jean Geoffroy known as "Jean," was born in Marennes, France on 1 March 1853 and died in Paris on 15 December 1924. The Geoffroys moved to Paris when Jean was a toddler. As a teen he attended the École des Beaux-Arts and as time passed he studied under Léon Bonnat, Eugène Levasseur, and Adolphe Yvon. He later took lessons from Émile Bin in the 1880s. Geoffroy became a renowned painter of the era and children were his chief subjects. He shared an apartment in Paris with teachers Louis and Julie Girard who had a private school, and later a boarding school, and all the children he encountered inspired his work.

Early Dental Trade Card with Occupational Logo.

Merchants, trade and service people, professionals, and others sometimes used logos related to their businesses on advertising trade cards. Dr. Harry William Sale used a stock advertising trade card with his message on the reverse, containing a bright red detailed dentistry logo displaying a maxillary denture, extracted teeth, and multiple tools of the trade. This remarkably preserved card by Milton Wolf, copyrighted 1882, offers a perfect example of a Victorian Era trade/business card featuring an occupational logo.

"BEIM ZAHNARZT": An 1899 Viennese Incisor Implant: A Case Report.

About 122 years ago, in Vienna, a dandy fellow wearing a top hat and Sunday-go-to-church custom-fitted suit, presented to a dentist for treatment. The gentleman's chief complaint was that he was "missing an upper front tooth and even when I'm dressed to the nines, none of my lady friends would go out to dinner and dancing with me"(Fig. 1). The patient was in no acute distress and explained that he had lost his shirt and golden front tooth four years prior, in a poker game, when his three Kings and two Jacks nose-dived under the four Aces laid down by the card player to his left.

Dr. Seth Arnold's Balsam: A Rebus Mystery Solved (Almost).

The term rebus is exemplified in Figure 1. "Two bee oar knot two bee" is an easy rebus to figure out, while others are much more challenging. A simple definition of this unique concepts is; "A rebus is a code or reference where pictures, letters, or symbols represent certain words or phrases…"1 Along with hidden image puzzle cards,2 some purchasers of Victorian Era advertising used rebus puzzle cards to challenge peoples' "figuring out" abilities. An example is this card for "The Great Household Remedy," Dr. Seth Arnold's Balsam (Figs. 2 and 3). The text on the reverse side of the card offered this patent medicine for treatment of "Diarrhoea, Dysentery, and for all Bowel Complaints." Additionally, "FOR CHILDREN TEETHING" it could give "the little sufferers REST, SLEEP, HEALTH" and saves lives. A testimonial by James F. Carlen even claimed that sick children treated with medicines, different from Seth Arnold's Balsam, died!

Early Dental Trade Card Metamorphic Before and After.

In the late 18th and early 19th century American-trained dentists were perceived by the public to be superior to locally trained dentists in many parts of Europe. Some individuals traveled to the United States for training. Other dentists simply claimed falsely to have an American degree or received one through the mail from one of several dental school diploma mills operating in the United States.

Victorian Era Preventive and Children's Dentistry, By George!

Dr. George C. Ainsworth and Dr. George F. Emerson were two Boston dentists from the late 19th century who were interested in preventive dentistry, "irregularities" in teeth arrangements, and generally, the oral health care of children. Leaflets from their practices reveal much about their services and concern for all their patients.