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1.
J Dairy Sci ; 98(4): 2381-8, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25660737

RESUMO

Infrared thermography (IRT) was used to assess the effect of routine claw trimming on claw temperature. In total, 648 IRT observations each were collected from 81 cows housed in 6 tiestalls before and 3 wk after claw trimming. The feet were classified as either healthy (nonlesion group, n = 182) or affected with infectious foot disorders (group IFD, n = 142). The maximal surface temperatures of the coronary band and skin and the difference of the maximal temperatures (ΔT) between the lateral and medial claws of the respective foot were assessed. Linear mixed models, correcting for the hierarchical structure of the data, ambient temperature, and infectious status of the claws, were developed to evaluate the effect of time in relation to the trimming event (d 0 versus d 21) and claw (medial versus lateral). Front feet and hind feet were analyzed separately. Ambient temperature and infectious foot status were identified as external and internal factors, respectively, that significantly affected claw temperature. Before claw trimming, the lateral claws of the hind feet were significantly warmer compared with the medial claws, whereas such a difference was not evident for the claws of the front feet. At d 21, ΔT of the hind feet was reduced by ≥ 0.25 °C, whereas it was increased by ≤ 0.13 °C in the front feet compared with d 0. Therefore, trimming was associated with a remarkable decrease of ΔT of the hind claws. Equalizing the weight bearing of the hind feet by routine claw trimming is associated with a measurable reduction of ΔT between the paired hind claws.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças do Pé/diagnóstico , Casco e Garras/patologia , Temperatura , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Doenças do Pé/veterinária , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Raios Infravermelhos , Modelos Lineares , Análise Multivariada , Termografia/veterinária , Suporte de Carga
2.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 165(5): 307-320, 2023 May.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37227093

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Biosecurity in livestock farming includes all measures preventing pathogen introduction onto a farm (external biosecurity) and pathogen transmission on the farm itself (internal biosecurity). An important risk factor for the dissemination of infectious diseases are specialised external persons working on numerous farms, such as professional hoof trimmers in Switzerland. In the present study, 49 hoof trimmers, participating in the Swiss claw health programme and working as professionals, were questioned regarding their biosecurity measures and observed by two veterinarians during hoof trimming in order to assess the implementation of biosecurity measures by hoof trimmers. Data were processed using a scoring system, in which points were allocated to the different working methods taking into account their assumed transmission potential for infectious diseases such as digital dermatitis (DD) and Salmonellosis. The working method, which complied with the ideal biosecurity measure, was always given a whole point, whereas less optimal working methods were only given an intermediate value or no point. The scoring system helped identify precisely the strengths and weaknesses of the hoof trimmers in terms of biosecurity. The level of implementation of biosecurity measures by hoof trimmers was overall quite low (53 %=average of the overall biosecurity scores of the 49 hoof trimmers). Hoof trimmers which attended specialised training courses tended to have a higher level of implementation of biosecurity measures. The answers given by the hoof trimmers and the observations made by the veterinarians were compared, whereby it was found that hoof trimmers generally evaluated themselves better in regard to biosecurity than veterinarians assessed them. In summary and based on the results of this study, the dissemination of pathogens, such as DD associated treponemes and salmonella is possible during hoof trimming performed by external persons working on numerous farms. Thus, future training and continuing education courses should place emphasis on biosecurity.


INTRODUCTION: Le concept de biosécurité englobe, en lien avec la production animale, toutes les mesures empêchant l'introduction de germes dans une exploitation (biosécurité externe) et la propagation de germes à l'intérieur de l'exploitation (biosécurité interne). Un facteur de risque important pour la propagation de maladies infectieuses est le personnel spécialisé externe travaillant sur plusieurs exploitations, dont font partie les pareurs d'onglons professionnels intervenant sur les exploitations bovines suisses. Dans la présente étude, afin de donner un aperçu de la situation actuelle concernant la mise en oeuvre de mesures de biosécurité par les pareurs d'onglons, 49 pareurs d'onglons participant au programme suisse de santé des onglons, ont été questionnés à ce sujet et observés lors du parage des onglons par des vétérinaires. Le traitement des données a été effectué à l'aide d'un système de notation, attribuant des points aux différentes pratiques de travail selon leur potentiel supposé de transmission des maladies infectieuses que sont la Dermatite digitale (DD) et la Salmonellose. La pratique de travail, qui correspondait à la mesure de biosécurité idéale, obtenait toujours un point entier, alors que les pratiques de travail moins optimales ne recevaient qu'une valeur intermédiaire ou aucun point. Le système de notation a permis de désigner précisément les forces et les faiblesses des pareurs d'onglons en terme de biosécurité. Le niveau de mise en œuvre de mesures de biosécurité par les pareurs d'onglons est de manière générale relativement faible (53 % = moyenne du score de biosécurité générale des 49 pareurs). Les pareurs d'onglons ayant suivi plus fréquemment des formations spécifiques présentaient tendanciellement un niveau de mise en oeuvre de mesures de biosécurité plus élevé. De plus, les réponses des pareurs d'onglons et les observations des vétérinaires ont été comparées. Il a été constaté, que les pareurs d'onglons s'évaluaient généralement meilleurs en matière de biosécurité que les vétérinaires ne les jugeaient. En résumé et en tenant compte des résultats de cette étude, la propagation de germes pathogènes par les pareurs d'onglons dans le cadre de leur activité professionnelle, tels que les tréponèmes associés à la DD et les salmonelles, est possible. Par conséquent, la biosécurité devrait être thématisée en priorité lors des formations et formations continues futures.


Assuntos
Dermatite Digital , Casco e Garras , Animais , Suíça , Biosseguridade , Fazendas
3.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 165(6): 385-399, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37255245

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In the present study, risk groups for infectious foot disorders were identified on two large Swiss cattle mountain pastures by analyzing animal and treatment data of a total of 3256 animals of the bovine species. Both mountain pastures were part of the Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG) consultancy project «Healthy animals, attractive herdsmen positions and less medication on large cattle mountain pastures¼. The project was launched in 2020 following the increased incidence of lameness on these mountain pastures. Bacteriological and histological analyses were to provide information as to whether the most common foot disorder was interdigital phlegmon (IP) or whether digital dermatitis also occurred. Further, the temporal distribution of cases over the mountain pasture season and the influence of mountain pasture and year were investigated and interpreted for the project years 2020 to 2022, and treatment incidences were compared between years. Multiple treatment cycles in the same individual were classified into persistent infections and new infections. Nineteen of 394 first-treated cattle were clinically examined, 12 of them were additionally sampled for bacteriological and histological analyses. All cases examined showed, both clinically and following laboratory analyses, typical characteristics for IP. In contrast, there was no specific evidence for the presence of digital dermatitis. No persistent infections occurred during treatment with benzylpenicillin. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified > 365-730-day-old cattle (odds ratio OR 8,29), as well as inseminated (OR 5,30) and non-inseminated (OR 7,85) heifers as risk groups for the disease studied (p < 0,05). Association with the oestrus activity of non-inseminated heifers and a generally higher locomotor activity in heifers compared to cows - with a correspondingly increased risk of injury - is conceivable. Meat breeds had a reduced risk compared to dairy breeds (OR 0,29). Breed differences in behavior and/or the effectiveness of the local immune response might have an impact. Knowing about these risk groups can be put to use in the future when selecting animals to be taken to the mountain pastures and/or when planning pasture management in order to reduce the prevalence of infectious foot disorders and thereby the use of antibiotics.


INTRODUCTION: Dans la présente étude, nous avons identifié, grâce à l'analyse des données concernant les animaux et les traitements d'un total de 3256 animaux de l'espèce bovine, des groupes à risque pour les maladies infectieuses des onglons sur deux grands alpages bovins en Suisse. Les deux alpages faisaient partie du BLW-projet de conseil «Animaux sains, postes de bergers attractifs et moins de médicaments sur les grands alpages bovins¼. Le projet a débuté en 2020 suite à l'accumulation de problèmes de boiteries sur ces alpages. Des analyses bactériologiques et histologiques devaient fournir des indications afin de savoir si la maladie des onglons majoritaire était le phlegmon interdigité (PI) ou si la dermatite digitale était également présente. La répartition temporelle des cas de maladies durant la saison d'estivage et l'influence de l'alpage et de l'année pour les années de projet 2020 à 2022 ont été évaluées et interprétées, et les incidences des traitements comparées entre les années. Les cycles de traitement multiples chez le même individu ont été répartis en deux groupes: les infections persistantes et les nouvelles infections. Dix-neuf des 394 bovins primo-traités ont été évalués cliniquement. Douze de ces 19 animaux ont également été soumis à un échantillonnage bactériologique et histologique. Tous les cas étudiés présentaient, aussi bien cliniquement que suite à l'analyse technique en laboratoire, les caractéristiques typiques d'un PI. Par contre, il n'y a pas eu d'indication quant à la présence de dermatite digitale. Aucune infection persistante n'a été constatée après traitement avec de la Benzylpénicilline. Les bovins âgés > 365­730 jours (OR 8.29), ainsi que les génisses inséminées (odds ratio OR 5.30) et non inséminées (OR 7.85) ont été identifiés, suite à une analyse de régression logistique multivariée, comme faisant partie de groupes à risque pour la maladie étudiée (p < 0.05). Un lien avec l'activité en période de chaleurs des génisses non inséminées et une activité locomotrice généralement plus intensive des génisses par rapport aux vaches ­ avec par conséquent un risque accru de blessures ­ est concevable. Le risque était réduit pour les races à viande par rapport aux races laitières (OR 0.29). Des différences de comportement et/ou d'efficacité de l'immunité locale entre les races pourraient avoir une influence. Le fait de connaître ces groupes à risque pourrait être mis à profit à l'avenir lors de la sélection des animaux à monter à l'alpage et/ou lors de la planification de la gestion des prairies, afin de diminuer la prévalence des maladies infectieuses des onglons et ainsi l'utilisation d'antibiotiques.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Dermatite Digital , Doenças do Pé , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Fatores de Risco , Doenças do Pé/epidemiologia , Doenças do Pé/etiologia , Doenças do Pé/veterinária , Estações do Ano , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/etiologia , Coxeadura Animal/epidemiologia , Coxeadura Animal/etiologia , Indústria de Laticínios
4.
J Dairy Sci ; 95(7): 3674-82, 2012 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22720925

RESUMO

Staphylococcus aureus genotype B (GTB) is a contagious mastitis pathogen in cattle, occurring in up to 87% of individuals. Because treatment is generally insufficient, culling is often required, leading to large economic loss in the Swiss dairy industry. As the detection of this pathogen in bulk tank milk (BTM) would greatly facilitate its control, a novel real-time quantitative PCR-based assay for BTM has previously been developed and is now being evaluated for its diagnostic properties at the herd level. Herds were initially classified as to their Staph. aureus GTB status by a reference method. Using BTM and herd pools of single-quarter and 4-quarter milk, the herds were then grouped by the novel assay, and the resulting classifications were compared. A total of 54 dairy herds were evaluated. Using the reference method, 21 herds were found to be GTB positive, whereas 33 were found to be negative. Considering the novel assay using both herd pools, all herds were grouped correctly, resulting in maximal diagnostic sensitivities (100%) and specificities (100%). For BTM samples, diagnostic sensitivities and specificities were 90 and 100%, respectively. Two herds were false negative in BTM, because cows with clinical signs of mastitis were not milked into the tank. Besides its excellent diagnostic properties, the assay is characterized by its low detection level, high efficiency, and its suitability for automation. Using the novel knowledge and assay, eradication of Staph. aureus GTB from a dairy herd may be considered as a realistic goal.


Assuntos
Mastite Bovina/diagnóstico , Leite/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Animais , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Bovinos , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Bacteriano/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Genótipo , Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Nuclease do Micrococo/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/genética
5.
Cell Tissue Bank ; 12(3): 209-17, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20574693

RESUMO

The manufacture and initial testing of a new human tissue transplant is described. Epiflex(®) is a human acellular dermis transplant that is manufactured from skin recovered from screened consenting donors according to validated and approved methods. The transplant is approved as a drug in Germany. The safety, stability and usability of the transplant are discussed with respect to the results of sterility, residual moisture content and rehydration tests. Histological and confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments and analysis of oxygen and water vapour permeability demonstrate that the native extracellular matrix structure and transport properties of human connective tissue are retained in the transplant. Results from initial clinical investigations suggest that Epiflex(®) can be used successfully in the treatment of burns, hypertrophic scars and as a transplant seeded with autologous dermal fibroblasts for soft-tissue regeneration in settings with wound healing problems following multi-modal treatments for sarcomas of the extremities.


Assuntos
Derme/transplante , Derme/ultraestrutura , Transplante de Pele/tendências , Idoso , Derme/metabolismo , Humanos , Umidade , Permeabilidade , Esterilização , Água/metabolismo
6.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 153(8): 361-8, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21780064

RESUMO

Several strategies are known for sanitizing dairy herd problems caused by Staphylococcus (S.) aureus. They mostly consist of general management measures but specific decision-making at an individual animal level has not been described. A sanitation program in the form of a process chart developed by the Bern Clinic for Ruminants was undertaken in 10 dairy herds with this problem. In an affected herd the cows were divided into 3 groups: healthy, suspect, infected. Three milk samples (MS), taken at two-week intervals were cultivated. The cows were grouped according to the culture results. To measure the success of the sanitation program, the key figures «theoretical tank somatic cell count¼ (target < 150,000 SCC/ml) and «percentage of cows over limit¼ (limit: 150'00 SCC/ml, target < 20 %) were used. These were compared with the corresponding key figures from dairy herds, which were followed-up by the Bern Clinic for Ruminants (control herds). The problem herd sanitation program lasted between 2 and 21 months. A total of 1598 MS were analyzed, of which 241 (15 %) were S. aureus positive (15 %). At the end of the sanitation the key figures between problem herds and control herds were similar. The sanitation program has proved to be practical. The detection of S. aureus positive cows proved to be reliable and the udder health of the herd could be significantly improved.


Assuntos
Indústria de Laticínios/normas , Mastite Bovina/prevenção & controle , Saneamento/métodos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Contagem de Células/veterinária , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Feminino , Mastite Bovina/diagnóstico , Leite/citologia , Leite/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/prevenção & controle , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação
7.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 163(2): 139-152, 2021 Feb.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33528364

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Herd medicine is a field of buiatrics characterized by regular and systematic visits by the veterinarian to improve the health and performance of the animals, the quality of animal products and finally the satisfaction of the farm staff. Internationally established key indicators, such as age at first calving, heat recognition rate or the percentage of cows with clinical mastitis per month (%),26 have been available for a long time in the areas of fertility and udder health. These key indicators help veterinarians to recognize and define health problems at herd level at an early stage and to work out measures for their improvement. Such key indicators are currently lacking in the field of claw health, hence making standardized identification of problem farms considerably more difficult. Considering the permanent negative influence of claw health problems on fertility, performance and overall animal welfare, it becomes clear how valuable claw health indicators will be in the future. The aim of this study was, therefore, to develop both primary and secondary indicators of claw health and to define corresponding limit values for Switzerland. Based on a literature search, several primary and secondary indicators were developed (1˚K: Herd problem Yes/No, 2˚K: Classification of the problem). These were discussed in an expert panel consisting of practicing veterinarians, staff of the Swiss bovine herd health service and university professors with regard to their possible practical implementation and relevance. Finally, 3 primary and 10 secondary indicators were judged to be suitable to assess a herd with regard to claw health. The primary key indicators were: proportion of cows leaving the herd due to a claw problem, proportion of lame cows of a herd, and proportion of cattle with at least one claw disease. The corresponding provisional limit values (exceeding the value = problem) for Switzerland were worked out by means of surveys among farmers, hoof trimmers, veterinary students and veterinarians. In addition, recommendations from the literature and current prevalence studies were used to adapt the defined limit values to the situation on Swiss farms. In the coming years, the claw health project «Gesunde Klauen - das Fundament für die Zukunft¼ will collect current prevalence values of claw diseases, and the limit values will then be adjusted and specified accordingly.


INTRODUCTION: La médecine de troupeau est un domaine de la buiatrie caractérisé par des visites régulières et systématiques du vétérinaire afin d'améliorer la santé et les performances des animaux, la qualité des produits animaux et finalement la satisfaction du personnel des exploitations. Des chiffres-clés établis au niveau international, tels que l'âge au premier vêlage, le taux de reconnaissance des chaleurs ou le pourcentage de vaches atteintes de mammite clinique par mois (%), sont disponibles depuis longtemps dans les domaines de la fertilité et de la ­santé du pis. Ces chiffres-clés aident les vétérinaires à reconnaître et à définir les problèmes de santé au niveau du troupeau à un stade précoce et à élaborer des mesures pour leur amélioration. De tels chiffres-clés font actuellement défaut dans le domaine de la santé des onglons, ce qui rend l'identification standardisée des exploitations à problèmes considérablement plus difficile. Compte tenu de l'influence négative permanente des problèmes de santé des onglons sur la fertilité, les performances et le bien-être des animaux en général, il est clair à quel point les indicateurs de santé des onglons seront précieux à l'avenir. L'objectif de ce travail était donc de développer des indicateurs primaires et secondaires de la santé des onglons et de définir les valeurs limites correspondantes pour la Suisse. Sur la base d'une recherche documentaire, plusieurs indicateurs primaires et secondaires ont été développés (1˚K: problème de troupeau Oui/Non, 2˚K: classification du problème). Ceux-ci ont été discutés dans un groupe d'experts composé de vétérinaires praticiens, de personnel du service suisse de santé des troupeaux bovins et de professeurs d'université en ce qui concerne leur pertinence et leur éventuelle mise en œuvre pratique. En fin de compte, 3 indicateurs primaires et 10 indicateurs secondaires ont été jugés appropriés pour évaluer un troupeau en ce qui concerne la santé des onglons. Les principaux indicateurs clés étaient: la proportion de vaches quittant le troupeau en raison d'un problème d'onglons, la proportion de vaches d'un troupeau boiteuses et la proportion de bovins atteints d'au moins une maladie des onglons. Les valeurs limites provisoires correspondantes (dépassant la valeur = problème) pour la Suisse ont été élaborées au moyen d'enquêtes auprès des éleveurs, des ongleurs, des étudiants en médecine vétérinaire et des vétérinaires. En outre, les recommandations de la littérature et des études de prévalence actuelles ont été utilisées pour adapter les valeurs limites définies à la situation des exploitations agricoles suisses. Dans les années à venir, le projet de santé des onglons «Des onglons sains- le fondement pour l'avenir¼ collectera les valeurs de prévalence actuelles des maladies des onglons et les valeurs limites seront ensuite ajustées et spécifiées en conséquence.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Doenças do Pé/veterinária , Casco e Garras/patologia , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças do Pé/diagnóstico , Doenças do Pé/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Suíça
8.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 163(3): 189-201, 2021 Mar.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33650520

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The main goal of the resources project «Healthy claws - the foundation for the future¼ is to establish a Swiss national claw health monitoring programme for cattle, similar to what has already been established in other countries (e. g. Finland, Sweden). So far in the course of the project, 30 claw trimmers have been trained to use a digital recording software. An appropriate training concept and information to the work environment of Swiss claw trimmers are necessary to ensure that the recorded claw health data is of good quality. The newly developed training programme for claw trimmers was evaluated using the 30 first trained claw trimmers of the project. The training consisted of group events and individual schooling sessions, during which the claw trimmers were trained to recognise, classify and digitally record foot and claw disorders according to the «ICAR claw health atlas¼. At the end of the training programme, demographic and work relevant data about the claw trimmers was collected and their abilities when using the recording software, as well as recognising and classifying foot and claw disorders using pictures or live animals, were evaluated. The demographic and work relevant data collected at the end of the training showed an ageing of the profession (43% of the participants were over 50 years old), a lack of full-time claw trimmers (23% of the claw trimmers worked 90% or 100%), a neglect of locomotion scoring during claw trimming (no locomotion scoring standing from 60% and in movement from 33% of the participants) and a broad use of the Swiss claw trimming method (90% of the claw trimmers indicate using this method). An average Cohens kappa value of 0,74, and thus an overall substantial agreement with the first author, respectively the ICAR Atlas, was achieved for the identification and classification of foot and claw disorders. It was also noted, that all the participants were capable of using the recording software in practice after their schooling. The calculation of Cohens kappa values helps to recognise claw trimmers which fall below the limiting value and therefore show an insufficient agreement. These claw trimmers can thus be excluded from the scientific evaluation or undergo further training. It was concluded that the described training concept is suitable to establish a national claw health monitoring programme.


INTRODUCTION: L'objectif principal du projet «Des onglons sains ­ de bon pied vers l'avenir¼ est la mise en place d'un programme national suisse de surveillance de la santé des onglons des bovins, similaire à ce qui a déjà été mis en place dans d'autres pays (par ex. Finlande, Suède). Jusqu'à présent, au cours du projet, 30 pareurs d'onglons ont été formés à l'utilisation d'un logiciel de documentation électronique. Un concept de formation approprié et des informations sur l'environnement de travail des pareurs suisses sont nécessaires pour garantir la bonne qualité des données enregistrées. Le programme de formation nouvellement mis au point a été évalué à l'aide des 30 premiers pareurs formés. La formation a consisté en des formations de groupe et des formations individuelles, au cours desquelles les pareurs ont été formés à reconnaître, classifier et enregistrer électroniquement les maladies des onglons selon l'«Atlas ICAR santé des onglons¼. À la fin de la formation, des données démographiques et professionnelles concernant les pareurs ont été collectées et leurs capacités à utiliser le logiciel d'enregistrement, à reconnaître et classifier les maladies des onglons à l'aide d'images ou sur des animaux vivants, ont été évaluées. Les données démographiques et professionnelles collectées à l'issue de la formation ont entre autre montré un vieillissement de la profession (43% des participants avaient plus de 50 ans), un manque d'ongleurs à temps plein (23% des ongleurs travaillent à 90% resp. 100%), une négligence de la notation de la motricité lors du parage des onglons (pas de notation de la motricité stationnaire chez de 60% et en mouvement chez33% des participants) et une large utilisation de la méthode suisse de parage des onglons (90% des ongleurs indiquent utiliser cette méthode). Une valeur moyenne du coefficient kappa de Cohens de 0,74, et donc une concordance globale avec le premier auteur, respectivement l'Atlas ICAR, a été obtenue pour l'identification et la classification des maladies des onglons. Il a également été constaté que tous les participants étaient capables après leur formation d'utiliser le logiciel d'enregistrement dans la pratique. Le calcul de valeurs kappa de Cohens permet de reconnaître les pareurs qui descendent en dessous d'une valeur limite et présentent donc une concordance insuffisante. Ces pareurs peuvent ainsi être exclus de l'évaluation scientifique ou suivre une formation complémentaire. On peut en conclure que le concept de formation décrit convient pour la mise en place d'un programme national de surveillance de la santé des onglons.


Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/educação , Casco e Garras , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde , Ensino/normas , Animais , Bovinos , Humanos , Vigilância da População , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/métodos , Software , Suíça
9.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 164(11): 779-790, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34758953

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The project «Healthy claws - the foundation for the future¼ aims to establish a Swiss national claw health monitoring based on digital recordings by claw trimmers during claw trimming. To assess claw health on the participating farms, between-herd prevalence, within-herd prevalence and cow prevalence of all claw disorders based on the «ICAR Claw Health Atlas¼ were calculated during this study. Claw trimmers underwent an intensive training and examination in order to ensure data quality. To guarantee the representativity of the prevalences, only farm claw trimmings were considered, where ≥ 80 % of the cows in a herd were trimmed. The calculations were based on 7108 cows and 403 heifers from 238 farms, during the period from February 2020 to February 2021. At least one claw disorder was present in 99,2 % of the farms, with 49,6 % of the heifers and 77,7 % of the cows having at least one claw disorder. The high prevalence is seen as a result of all ICAR claw disorders being considered, whereas not all of them are painful and consequently not all of them cause lameness. The absence of lameness assessment limits the evaluation of existing herd problems. High between-herd and cow prevalences were observed for the following claw disorders: heel horn erosion (92,9 %/64,7 %), digital dermatitis (55,9 %/20,7 %), white line disease (81,5 %/17,7 %) and sole hemorrhage (66,4 %/11,6 %). Asymmetric claws, corkscrew claws, scissor claws, horn fissure, interdigital phlegmon, swelling of the coronet and/or bulb and toe necrosis had low prevalences. The proportion of cows treated with a hoof block (0,5 %) was comparatively small in regard of the cows suffering from ulcers (5,6 %) and white line abscesses (2,5 %). The median within-herd prevalence of digital dermatitis was 5,6 %, with a maximal within-herd prevalence of 87,5 %. Despite the contagious nature of digital dermatitis, no increase of between-herd and cow prevalence has been observed in the past ten years throughout Switzerland. Based on this data, the Swiss claw health situation can be monitored, compared over time and improved in the future.


INTRODUCTION: Le projet « Des onglons sains-de bon pied vers l'avenir ¼ vise à établir une surveillance nationale suisse de la santé des onglons basée sur des enregistrements numériques effectués par des ongleurs pendant le parage des onglons. Pour évaluer la santé des onglons dans les exploitations participantes, la prévalence entre les troupeaux, la prévalence au sein du troupeau et la prévalence chez les vaches de tous les troubles des onglons sur la base de l' « ICAR Claw Health Atlas ¼ ont été calculées au cours de cette étude. Les ongleurs ont subi une formation et un examen intensifs afin de garantir la qualité des données. Afin de garantir la représentativité des prévalences, seuls ont été considérés les parages d'exploitations où ≥ 80% des vaches du troupeau ont été parées. Les calculs ont été basés sur 7108 vaches et 403 génisses de 238 élevages, au cours de la période de février 2020 à février 2021. Au moins une lésion des onglons était présente dans 99,2 % des élevages, avec 49,6 % des génisses et 77,7 % des vaches présentant au moins une lésion. La prévalence élevée est considérée comme le résultat de toutes les lésions selon ICAR, alors que toutes ne sont pas douloureuses et par conséquent ne provoquent pas toute de boiterie. L'absence d'évaluation de la boiterie limite l'évaluation des problèmes de troupeau existants. Des prévalences élevées entre les troupeaux et les vaches ont été observées pour les lésions des onglons suivantes : érosion de la corne du talon (92,9%/64,7%), dermatite digitale (55,9%/20,7%), maladie de la ligne blanche (81,5 %/17,7%) et hémorragie de la sole (66,4%/11,6%). Les onglons asymétriques, les onglons en tire-bouchon, les onglons en ciseaux, la fissure de la corne, le phlegmon interdigital, le gonflement de la couronne et/ou la nécrose de la pince avaient de faibles prévalences. La proportion de vaches traitées avec un sabot (0,5 %) était comparativement faible par rapport aux vaches souffrant d'ulcères (5,6%) et d'abcès de la ligne blanche (2,5%). La prévalence médiane intra-troupeau de dermatite digitale était de 5,6%, avec une prévalence intra-troupeau maximale de 87,5%. Malgré le caractère contagieux de la dermatite digitale, aucune augmentation de la prévalence entre troupeaux et vaches n'a été observée au cours des dix dernières années dans toute la Suisse. Sur la base de ces données, la situation sanitaire des onglons en Suisse peut être surveillée, comparée dans le temps et améliorée à l'avenir.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Doenças do Pé , Casco e Garras , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Fazendas , Feminino , Doenças do Pé/epidemiologia , Doenças do Pé/veterinária , Coxeadura Animal/epidemiologia , Prevalência
10.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 162(5): 285-292, 2020 May.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32369021

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The modern technique of cattle hoof care was founded by E. Toussaint Raven in 1977. Environmental risk factors on cattle claws altered in the past 43 years. The change from free ranging to indoor housing, the intensified feeding and the breeding towards traits of high performance have significantly increased the mechanical and chemical stress on the claws. In modern free-stalls, dairy cows are required to walk on hard flooring to feed, drink and get milked. Good hoof health is a basic requirement for cattle welfare. Professional and regular hoof trimming is still considered the most effective measure to promote hoof health in dairy cattle. In order to meet today's requirements and to promote claw health, the Swiss Hoof Trimmers Association (SKV), in collaboration with the Vetsuisse faculties, Universities of Berne and Zurich, and the Bovine Health Service (RGD, Bern) developed and described the Swiss technique of functional claw trimming. The aim was to establish a consistent method, which takes into account the size and bodyweight of the modern cow, the anatomical and physiological characteristics of their claws and includes adaptations counteracting very relevant diseases such as digital dermatitis. The result is a workflow described and illustrated with coloured pictures and consisting of five individual steps based on the technique of E. Toussaint Raven, Additionally, the upcoming Swiss national resource project on long-term improvement of claw health is presented in some detail. The key point of this project is the electronic documentation of clinical findings by the trained professional claw trimmers. This data will later (i) be used to assess the foot health of Swiss cows, (ii) allow to determine the prevalence of foot diseases of cattle in Switzerland and (iii) to monitor the effect of the implementation of foot health concepts. The aim of this work is to combine the findings from science and the practical experience of hoof trimmers in one method, to standardize the applied hoof care in Switzerland and to adapt it to today's hoof health requirements.


INTRODUCTION: La technique moderne du soin des pieds des bovins et du parage des onglons a été fondée par E. Toussaint Raven en 1977. Au cours des 43 dernières années, le passage d'une détention au pâturage à une détention à l>intérieur, l'intensification de l'alimentation et la sélection vers des caractéristiques de hautes performances ont provoqué une augmentation sensible du stress mécanique et chimique exercé sur les onglons. Dans les stabulations libres modernes, les vaches laitières doivent se déplacer activement sur un sol dur pour se nourrir, boire et se faire traire. Pour cela, une marche indolore est une exigence de base. Un parage professionnel et régulier est toujours considéré comme la mesure la plus efficace pour promouvoir la santé des onglons chez les bovins laitiers. Afin de répondre aux exigences actuelles et de promouvoir la santé des onglons, l' Association suisse des pareurs d'onglons (ASPO), en collaboration avec les facultés Vetsuisse des universités de Berne et de Zurich et le Service sanitaire bovin (SSB, Bern) a développé et décrit une technique suisse de parage fonctionnel des onglons. L'objectif était d'établir une méthode cohérente, qui tienne compte de la taille et du poids corporel de la vache moderne, des caractéristiques anatomiques et physiologiques de ses onglons et qui inclue en même temps des innovations pour lutter contre des maladies très importantes telles que la dermatite digitée. Le résultat est un processus de travail composé de cinq étapes individuelles adaptées selon E. Toussaint Raven, décrites et illustrées dans un tableau avec des illustrations en couleurs. En outre, un projet de ressource nationale suisse sur l'amélioration à long terme de la santé des onglons est présenté en détail. Dans ce cadre, la documentation électronique des découvertes pathologiques faites pendant le parage des onglons par des ongleurs professionnels et formés représente le cœur de ce projet. Ces données seront ensuite utilisées (i) pour évaluer la santé des pieds des vaches suisses, (ii) pour permettre de déterminer la prévalence des maladies des pieds des bovins en Suisse et (iii) pour surveiller l'effet de la mise en œuvre des concepts de santé des onglons. Le but de ce travail est de combiner les résultats de la recherche et l'expérience pratique des ongleurs en une seule méthode, de standardiser les soins pratiqués en Suisse et de les adapter aux exigences actuelles en matière de santé des onglons.


Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Casco e Garras , Criação de Animais Domésticos/tendências , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças do Pé/prevenção & controle , Doenças do Pé/veterinária , Suíça/epidemiologia
11.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 161(10): 689-696, 2019 Oct.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31586931

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Several young bulls in a beef farm showed large, foul-smelling skin lesions in the plantar region of the coronary band and in the interdigital space. Some of the animals also had a painful, warm swelling in the palmar fetlock area. All bulls were lame (score 4/5), the most severely affected animal had a lameness score of 5/5. Initial local treatment was unsuccessful, therefore the animals received parenteral antimicrobial treatment leading to improvement of clinical signs and weight bearing in most animals. However, several animals were slaughtered prematurely due to severe foot lesions. The diverse clinical picture did not allow for diagnosing one specific claw affection without further diagnostic investigations. Histopathological and bacteriological examinations confirmed the diagnosis of digital dermatitis (DD) in combination with an interdigital phlegmon, whereby five of the seven examined specimens were positive for one or more Treponema spp. Treponemes belong to the spirochetes, the ones commonly involved in DD in dairy cows include Treponema medium, Treponema phagedenis and Treponema pedis. The last two species were detected in the present cases. The clinical findings and results of diagnostic investigations indicate that a severe form of DD complicated by a secondary infection and interdigital phlegmon caused an outbreak of severe lameness in young bulls in a beef farm. Single or combined claw diseases can be associated with severe losses not only in dairy but also in beef herds.


INTRODUCTION: Plusieurs jeunes taureaux dans une exploitation d'engraissement ont présenté, en particulier aux membres postérieurs, des lésions étendues et malodorantes au niveau plantaire de la couronne, qui s'étendaient jusqu'à l'espace interdigital. Certains animaux présentaient une enflure chaude et très douloureuse dans le pli du boulet. Les animaux étaient fortement boiteux (4/5), le taureau le plus atteint présentait une boiterie très sévère (5/5). Un traitement initial local a été mis en place, cependant, en l'absence de succès thérapeutique, les animaux ont été ensuite traités par voie parentérale avec un antibiotique, ce qui permis de réduire la sévérité du tableau clinique et d'améliorer la charge des membres atteints. En raison de la gravité des lésions, plusieurs animaux ont toutefois dû être abattus prématurément. Au vu de la diversité du tableau clinique, la maladie n'a pas pu être attribuée à une maladie des onglons particulière sans clarification supplémentaire du diagnostic. Un diagnostic de dermatite digitale en combinaison avec un phlegmon interdigital a été confirmé par l'analyse histopathologique ainsi que l'examen bactériologique: cinq des sept écouvillons examinés étaient positifs pour un ou plusieurs Treponema spp. Dans la famille des spirochètes, Treponema medium, Treponema phagedenis et Treponema pedis sont les tréponèmes le plus souvent impliqués dans la dermatite digitale chez les vaches laitières. Les deux germes mentionnés en dernier ont été mis en évidence dans les échantillons prélevés sur les taureaux d'engraissement décrits ici. L'image clinique et les résultats d'analyses des échantillons examinés suggèrent qu'une forme sévère de dermatite digitale compliquée par une infection secondaire et le développement d'un phlegmon interdigital s'est développée lors de l'épidémie de forte boiterie observée dans une exploitation d'engraissement. Les maladies des onglons, individuellement ou en combinaison, peuvent donc occasionner des pertes importantes dans les exploitations d'engraissement.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Surtos de Doenças , Doenças do Pé , Casco e Garras , Coxeadura Animal , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Bovinos , Casco e Garras/microbiologia , Casco e Garras/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Treponema , Infecções por Treponema
12.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 150(11): 559-63, 2008 Nov.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18979421

RESUMO

A 20-year-old cow was presented due to chronic diarrhea and weight loss. The clinical examination revealed a markedly enlarged left ovary. However, a cause of the diarrhea could not observe. The examination of the feces was negative for a parasites or bacteria causing diarrhea. The results of hematological and biochemical analyses revealed a mild leucocytosis, bilirubinaemia, higher activities of the enzymes aspartate transaminase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and creatine kinase. The plasma concentrations of estrogen and testosterone were below the detection limits, progesterone concentration was 2.7 ng/ml. The postmortem examination revealed a bile ductule carcinoma with metastases in the lung and in lung and mestenterial lymph nodes. The cause of the tumor remained unclear. Diarrhea might have been the consequence of a portal hypertension due to the tumor. The pathological examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis of the ovarian tumor. The genesis of the ovarian tumor may be independent of the genesis of the bile ductule carcinoma.


Assuntos
Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/veterinária , Animais , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/patologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Diarreia/etiologia , Diarreia/veterinária , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Neoplasias Pulmonares/veterinária , Metástase Neoplásica , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/veterinária , Neoplasias Ovarianas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia
14.
Vet J ; 199(2): 281-5, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24389042

RESUMO

Infrared thermography (IRT) was used to detect digital dermatitis (DD) prior to routine claw trimming. A total of 1192 IRT observations were collected from 149 cows on eight farms. All cows were housed in tie-stalls. The maximal surface temperatures of the coronary band (CB) region and skin (S) of the fore and rear feet (mean value of the maximal surface temperatures of both digits for each foot separately, CBmax and Smax) were assessed. Grouping was performed at the foot level (presence of DD, n=99; absence, n=304), or at the cow level (all four feet healthy, n=24) or where there was at least one DD lesion on the rear feet, n=37). For individual cows (n=61), IRT temperature difference was determined by subtracting the mean sum of CBmax and Smax of the rear feet from that of the fore feet. Feet with DD had higher CBmax and Smax (P<0.001) than healthy feet. Smax was significantly higher in feet with infectious DD lesions (M-stage: M2+M4; n=15) than in those with non-infectious M-lesions (M1+M3; n=84) (P=0.03), but this was not the case for CBmax (P=0.12). At the cow level, an optimal cut-off value for detecting DD of 0.99°C (IRT temperature difference between rear and front feet) yielded a sensitivity of 89.1% and a specificity of 66.6%. The results indicate that IRT may be a useful non-invasive diagnostic tool to screen for the presence of DD in dairy cows by measuring CBmax and Smax.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Dermatite Digital/diagnóstico , Termografia/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Termografia/métodos
15.
Cell Tissue Bank ; 5(1): 45-56, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15256839

RESUMO

Despite thorough donor screening and preparation under aseptic conditions, conventional methods of preservation do not exclude the probability of a contamination with pathogenic germs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of histological parameters of amnion transplants (ATs) through different methods of sterilisation and preservation. Therefore 10 different procedures for sterilisation and preservation of ATs were described. Specimens of each group were studied using different histological procedures such as light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. General staining (Haematoxylin-eosin stain, periodic-acid-Schiff, Domack) and immunohistochemical methods have been applied in order to gain additional information concerning the structure of the amniotic epithelium and the basement membrane but also the distribution of collagens and intermediate filaments. Furthermore, the measurement of the ATs thickness was included in order to study the influence of the manufacturing procedures to this property. As a result we found that the histological appearance of the ATs is closely related to the applied sterilisation and preservation procedures. Although the basement membrane remained intact, especially the amniotic epithelium was partially destroyed by irradiation sterilisation. Further, the dissolution of the connective tissue layers into single fibre bundles was clearly visible. Procedures with and without peracetic acid sterilisation (PAA) preserved the tissue structure. Our results showed a significant variation in the tissue's thickness after different preservation procedures. Air- and freeze-dried ATs were found to be the thinnest tissues varying from 20 to 30 microm, the thickest ATs preserved in glycerol varied from 45 to 50 microm. Because ATs showed a preserved tissue structure after PAA sterilisation it can be recommended as an alternative for methods previously described in literature. Depending on the specific use of the AT one may choose from thinner or thicker allografts.


Assuntos
Âmnio/citologia , Âmnio/transplante , Técnicas de Cultura/métodos , Manejo de Espécimes/métodos , Esterilização/métodos , Preservação de Tecido/métodos , Transplante de Tecidos/métodos , Âmnio/ultraestrutura , Humanos , Transplante Homólogo/métodos
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